278 lines
30 KiB
XML
278 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791610" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2bb0a745-07bd-4df6-99e7-4d8a6b242aa5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749353" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791610" ID-ZooBank="DB5973A9-8CF6-400B-87C4-7A4521BD3117" checkinTime="1587971617180" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dunlop, Jason & Mitov, Plamen" docDate="2009" docId="0392774B785B1072B6DD56DFFCA5FC43" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2024.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 16" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@18c8ecf5" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Dicranopalpus ramiger" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="FFAB0F3378551063B6515743FFCCFF8B" masterDocTitle="Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber" masterLastPageNumber="375" masterPageNumber="347" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" updateTime="1643568438625" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) from Bitterfeld amber</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dunlop, Jason</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitov, Plamen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Sofia, Sofia ,, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-07-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>347</mods:start>
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<mods:end>375</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.16.224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">2bb0a745-07bd-4df6-99e7-4d8a6b242aa5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576490</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DB5973A9-8CF6-400B-87C4-7A4521BD3117</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791610" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163749353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791610" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392774B785B1072B6DD56DFFCA5FC43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392774B785B1072B6DD56DFFCA5FC43" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<subSubSection box="[140,717,412,439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,717,412,475]" box="[140,717,412,439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<heading box="[140,717,412,439]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Koch & Berendt, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[140,717,412,439]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramiger">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,717,412,439]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,417,412,439]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Dicranopalpus ramiger</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Koch & Berendt" box="[432,708,412,439]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" refId="ref10968" refString="Koch CL, Berendt GC (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. Edwin Groening, Berlin, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,260,448,475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,717,412,475]" box="[140,260,448,475]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<figureCitation box="[140,260,448,475]" captionStart-0="Figures 15-16" captionStart-1="Figures 17-19" captionStartId-0="15.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionStartId-1="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox-0="[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1066,184,1418]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[160,1088,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figures 15-16. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). 15 MB.A. 1657 16 MB.A. 1658. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (15) and 1.0 mm (16)." captionText-1="Figures 17-19. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). Camera lucida drawings of the specimens shown in 15-16. 17 MB.A. 1657 18 MB.A 1658 19 the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (17), 1.0 mm (18) and 0.2 mm (19)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814840" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3814840/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Figs 15-19</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,564,518,545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,518,1672]" box="[140,564,518,545]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,272,518,544]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis box="[140,267,518,544]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" reason="1">Synonymy</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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See
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<bibRefCitation author="Dunlop" box="[324,560,519,545]" firstAuthor="Dunlop" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref10654" refString="Dunlop JA (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record 9: 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop (2006: 170)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,518,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608842036" collectionCode="MfN" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,306,554,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis box="[185,301,554,580]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" reason="1">
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<typeStatus box="[185,301,554,580]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[313,374,554,580]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jp8y-i5nv" name="Museum für Naturkunde" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="Museum">MfN</collectionCode>
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, Berendt collection, repository number 7250, from Baltic amber (Palaeogene, Eocene); precise locality unclear.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,518,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,427,624,650]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis box="[185,313,624,650]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" reason="1">Additional</emphasis>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[433,494,624,650]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jp8y-i5nv" name="Museum für Naturkunde" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="Museum">MfN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[505,553,624,650]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">MB</collectionCode>
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.A. 1657 (also bears label “Ser. 12/14) and
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<collectionCode box="[1030,1078,624,650]" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">MB</collectionCode>
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.A. 1658 (also bears label “Ser. 8”), from Bitterfeld amber, probably from the site of the Goitsche open-cast Mine near Bitterfeld,
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<collectingRegion box="[609,788,695,721]" country="Germany" name="Sachsen-Anhalt" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Sachsen-Anhalt</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[799,908,695,721]" name="Germany" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Germany</collectingCountry>
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; Palaeogene (Oligocene: Chattian).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,518,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,765,791]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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<emphasis box="[185,330,765,791]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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MB.A. 1657 (
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<figureCitation box="[509,597,765,792]" captionStart="Figures 15-16" captionStartId="15.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 15-16. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). 15 MB.A. 1657 16 MB.A. 1658. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (15) and 1.0 mm (16)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[613,643,765,791]" captionStart="Figures 17-19" captionStartId="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[189,1066,184,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1088,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 17-19. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). Camera lucida drawings of the specimens shown in 15-16. 17 MB.A. 1657 18 MB.A 1658 19 the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (17), 1.0 mm (18) and 0.2 mm (19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">17</figureCitation>
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) is a fairly complete specimen in dorsal view. Body oval to quadrate, length
|
||
<quantity box="[560,670,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="1.22">1.22 mm</quantity>
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||
, maximum width
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||
<quantity box="[886,997,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
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. Prosoma with semicircular propeltidium bearing ocularium; length
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||
<quantity box="[822,948,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.125">0.125 mm</quantity>
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||
, width
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.325">0.325 mm</quantity>
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||
, distance from ocular tubercle to the front of prosoma
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||
<quantity box="[844,941,871,897]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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||
. Opisthosoma with hints of weak segmentation, largely obscured by an imperfection in the matrix. Chelicerae indistinct, as are proximal articles of pedipalp. Patella of pedipalp, length
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||
<quantity box="[140,252,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.18">0.18 mm</quantity>
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, with characteristic
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1852" box="[490,647,976,1002]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[490,647,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Dicranopalpus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
setose apophysis on mesal side, length
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||
<quantity box="[140,247,1011,1038]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
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||
, extending about three-quarters of the way down the adjacent tibia. Tibia of pedipalp with length
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||
<quantity box="[382,489,1047,1073]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
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, terminating in a further blunt, short setose apophysis. Pedipalpal tarsus widens slightly distally and ends in a single claw. Legs long and slen- der, but full lengths not preserved. Leg 2 longest, at least
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||
<quantity box="[787,881,1117,1144]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
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||
. Measurable articles preserved in their entirety are (in mm) as follows. Leg 1: femur, 1.05; patella, 0.29; tibia, 1.02. Leg 2: femur, 2.24; patella, 0.33; tibia, 2.37. Leg 3: femur, 1.04; patella, 0.25; tibia 0.92. Ventral surface of the body not visible.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="14.[140,1108,518,1672]" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">
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MB.A 1658 (
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||
<figureCitation box="[332,417,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figures 15-16" captionStartId="15.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[140,1108,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figures 15-16. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). 15 MB.A. 1657 16 MB.A. 1658. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (15) and 1.0 mm (16)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814840/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Figs 16</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[427,495,1258,1284]" captionStart="Figures 17-19" captionStartId="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[189,1066,184,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1088,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 17-19. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). Camera lucida drawings of the specimens shown in 15-16. 17 MB.A. 1657 18 MB.A 1658 19 the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (17), 1.0 mm (18) and 0.2 mm (19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">18-19</figureCitation>
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||
) is a fairly complete specimen in dorsal view. Body oval and compact, length
|
||
<quantity box="[382,491,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="1.32">1.32 mm</quantity>
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||
. Prosoma with semicircular propeltidium, length
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
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||
, dominated by prominent, heart-shaped ocularium, length 0.20, width 0.225, distance from ocular tubercle to front of prosoma
|
||
<quantity box="[702,795,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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||
. Ocular tubercle bears multiple short, forward-pointing setae in a band across the dorsal region between the eyes. Dorsal surface behind propeltidium, including all opisthosomal tergites, missing. Lateral regions of body only preserved in outline. Chelicerae fairly robust, but folded un- der the body with few details. Pedipalpal trochanter short, length
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||
<quantity box="[875,982,1504,1531]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.12">0.12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and quadrate. Palpal femur long, length
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||
<quantity box="[502,612,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72 mm</quantity>
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||
, with slight curvature and distal widening. Palpal femur setose, especially on its inferior surface. Palpal patella short, length
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||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
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||
, but with prominent and characteristic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1852" box="[657,814,1610,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[657,814,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="361">Dicranopalpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
mesal apophysis. Length of apophysis
|
||
<quantity box="[288,396,1645,1672]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="361" unit="mm" value="0.33">0.33 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bearing multiple setae towards the distal end in particular and
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814840" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814840" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814840/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="362" startId="15.[140,222,1472,1494]" targetBox="[140,1108,165,1452]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[140,1108,1472,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,298,1472,1494]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">Figures 15-16.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="(Koch & Berendt, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[307,756,1472,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="15" pageNumber="362" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramiger">
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||
<emphasis box="[307,511,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">Dicranopalpus ramiger</emphasis>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch & Berendt" box="[526,750,1472,1494]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="15" pageNumber="362" refId="ref10968" refString="Koch CL, Berendt GC (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. Edwin Groening, Berlin, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene).
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[223,249,1504,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">1 5</emphasis>
|
||
MB.A. 1657
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,406,1504,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">1 6</emphasis>
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||
MB.A. 1658. Scale bars equal
|
||
<quantity box="[693,767,1504,1526]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="362" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[781,807,1504,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">1 5</emphasis>
|
||
) and 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,975,1504,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="362">1 6</emphasis>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" startId="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" targetBox="[189,1066,184,1418]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[140,1109,1472,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,298,1472,1494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Figures 17-19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Koch & Berendt, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[307,756,1472,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramiger">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,511,1472,1493]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Dicranopalpus ramiger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch & Berendt" box="[526,750,1472,1494]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" refId="ref10968" refString="Koch CL, Berendt GC (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. Edwin Groening, Berlin, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. C. Boyce & S. Y. Wong" authorityYear="2014" box="[225,359,1504,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Camera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucida">
|
||
<emphasis box="[225,359,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">Camera lucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
drawings of the specimens shown in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[719,780,1504,1526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 5-1 6</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[795,821,1504,1526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 7</emphasis>
|
||
MB.A. 1657
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[958,984,1504,1526]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 8</emphasis>
|
||
MB.A 1658
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,166,1536,1558]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 9</emphasis>
|
||
the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal
|
||
<quantity box="[291,365,1568,1590]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[379,405,1568,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 7</emphasis>
|
||
), 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[512,538,1568,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 8</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity box="[593,667,1568,1589]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[680,706,1568,1590]" pageId="16" pageNumber="363">1 9</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[140,1108,167,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
extending almost two-thirds of the way down the length of the adjacent tibia. Palpal tibia itself elongate, length
|
||
<quantity box="[449,557,202,229]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="0.51">0.51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and widening distally. Palpal tarsus incomplete, but elongate, length at least 1.0, with hints of distal curvature; although terminal end is obscured. Tibia and tarsus also setose. Leg trochanters globose. Femora elongate, but incomplete in legs 2-4. Femora bear a few short setae. Femora of legs 2 and 3 preserve a proximal pseudoarticulation close to the trochanter. Leg 1 fairly complete, elongate and slender; total length at least 8.0 mm. Femur length ca. 2.0 mm. Patella not clearly preserved. Tibia length
|
||
<quantity box="[409,519,413,440]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Setation on more distal podomeres indistinct, as is expected metatarsus–tarsus boundary. Ventral surface of body unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[140,1108,167,968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,298,483,509]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,293,483,509]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" reason="1">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Koch & Berendt, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[304,836,483,510]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramiger">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,551,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Dicranopalpus ramiger</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch & Berendt" box="[565,828,483,510]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refId="ref10968" refString="Koch CL, Berendt GC (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. Edwin Groening, Berlin, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch & Berendt, 1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present in both Baltic and Bitterfeld amber. Both the Bitterfeld specimens described here are quite small with relatively large eye tubercles (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[520,601,554,580]" captionStart="Figures 17-19" captionStartId="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[189,1066,184,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1088,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 17-19. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). Camera lucida drawings of the specimens shown in 15-16. 17 MB.A. 1657 18 MB.A 1658 19 the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (17), 1.0 mm (18) and 0.2 mm (19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
) compared to other described fossil and Recent material in this genus. For this reason we suspect they might be juveniles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dunlop" firstAuthor="Dunlop" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="167 - 182" refId="ref10654" refString="Dunlop JA (2006) Baltic amber harvestman types (Arachnida: Opiliones: Eupnoi and Dyspnoi). Fossil Record 9: 167 - 182." type="journal article" year="2006">Dunlop (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the second apophysis on the tibia – clearly preserved in MB.A 1658 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[148,230,659,686]" captionStart="Figures 17-19" captionStartId="16.[140,222,1472,1494]" captionTargetBox="[189,1066,184,1418]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[160,1088,165,1452]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figures 17-19. Dicranopalpus ramiger (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Bitterfeld amber (Eocene: Oligocene). Camera lucida drawings of the specimens shown in 15-16. 17 MB.A. 1657 18 MB.A 1658 19 the same, detail of the long patella and short tibial apophyses (arrowed) characteristic for the genus. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (17), 1.0 mm (18) and 0.2 mm (19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814842/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) – which was used by Menge (1854) to define a new species. Given the poor state of preservation in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[443,542,695,721]" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koch and Berendt's" box="[578,881,694,721]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" refId="ref10968" refString="Koch CL, Berendt GC (1854) Die im Bernstein befindlichen Crustaceen, Myriapoden, Arachniden und Apteren der Vorwelt. Edwin Groening, Berlin, 124 pp." type="book" year="1854">Koch and Berendt’s (1854)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species, this character is regarded as unreliable and all Baltic (and now Bitterfeld) examples can probably be referred to a single taxon:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Koch & Berendt" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[469,589,766,791]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramiger">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,589,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">D. ramiger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Note that the Bitterfeld specimen figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barthel and Hetzer" box="[140,440,800,827]" firstAuthor="Barthel" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="314 - 336" refId="ref10335" refString="Barthel M, Hetzer H (1982) Bernstein-Inklusen aus dem Miozan des Bitterfelder Raumes. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Geologie 28: 314 - 336." type="journal article" year="1982">Barthel and Hetzer (1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 9) from the Deutsches Bernsteinmuseum (repository number 5/2) was provisionally referred by these authors to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sorensen" authorityYear="1873" box="[837,988,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Dicranolasmatidae" genus="Dicranolasma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,988,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Dicranolasma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SOrensen" firstAuthor="SOrensen" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="489 - 526" refId="ref11682" refString="SOrensen W (1873) Bidrag til Phalangidernes Morphologi og Systematik samt Beskrivelse af nogle nye, herhen hOrende Former. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (3) 8: 489 - 526." type="journal article" year="1873">SØrensen, 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is almost certainly a
|
||
<emphasis box="[498,561,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">lapsus</emphasis>
|
||
since this Recent genus belongs to the dyspnoid family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1879" box="[219,435,906,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Dicranolasmatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dicranolasmatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their figured specimen clearly bears the long patellar apophysis typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Doleschall, 1852" authorityName="Doleschall" authorityYear="1852" box="[339,695,941,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dicranopalpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,496,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="364">Dicranopalpus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Doleschall" box="[503,695,941,968]" firstAuthor="Doleschall" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" pagination="622 - 651" refId="ref10625" refString="Doleschall L (1852) Systematisches Verzeichnis der im Kaiserthum Osterreich vorkommenden Spinnen. Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaft 9: 622 - 651." type="journal article" year="1852">Doleschall, 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[710,861,941,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="364" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |