treatments-xml/data/03/92/28/0392282AFFFDFFF8AEC159A61C7BFEEF.xml
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<mods:title id="B1A7F1CE4E129F4C56BB306CB7DA447B">Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions</mods:title>
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<treatment id="0392282AFFFDFFF8AEC159A61C7BFEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5968378" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148685647" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5968378" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0392282AFFFDFFF8AEC159A61C7BFEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0392282AFFFDFFF8AEC159A61C7BFEEF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC159A61B73F932" blockId="27.[151,578,1694,1720]" box="[151,578,1694,1720]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0CC2E50FFFDFFFFAEC159A61B73F932" bold="true" box="[151,578,1694,1720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC159A61B73F932" bold="true" box="[151,578,1694,1720]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAEB859A61B73F932" ID-CoL="1f61ad92-6caa-4e13-baf6-286732103fb4" authority="Fraser, 1935 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1935" box="[238,578,1694,1720]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEB859A618A3F932" bold="true" box="[238,402,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAFCE59A61B73F932" box="[408,578,1694,1720]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref75924" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1935 b) Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 29, 105 - 112. [read 23 May 1935; 1935]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1935b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFFDFFFFAEC159DD1BC6F8B2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC159DD1DA8F971" blockId="27.[151,1177,1765,1848]" box="[151,1177,1765,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFFDFFFFAEC159DD1DA8F971" box="[151,1177,1765,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAEC159DD18D1F971" ID-CoL="1f61ad92-6caa-4e13-baf6-286732103fb4" authority="Fraser, 1935 b: 107" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,480,1765,1787]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC159DD182DF971" box="[151,284,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFFDFFFFAF7459DE18D1F971" author="" box="[290,480,1765,1787]" page="107" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAF7459DE1880F971" box="[290,433,1765,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref75924" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1935 b) Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 29, 105 - 112. [read 23 May 1935; 1935]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1935b</bibRefCitation>
: 107
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[invalid junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAD5159DD1D21F971" ID-CoL="1f61ad92-6caa-4e13-baf6-286732103fb4" authority="Koker, 1924" authorityName="Koker" authorityYear="1924" box="[775,1040,1765,1787]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAD5159DD1ABDF971" box="[775,908,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFADC459DD1D21F971" box="[914,1040,1765,1787]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref79252" refString="Koker, E. M. J. (1924) Αnthozoa uit het Perm van het eiland Timor. I. Zaphrentidae, Plerophyllidae, Cystiphyllidae, Αmphiastreidae. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Verhandelingen, 51, 1 - 50." type="journal article">Koker, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Αnthozoa)].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC1583C1BC1F890" blockId="27.[151,1177,1765,1848]" box="[151,752,1796,1818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFFDFFFFAEC1583C1BC1F890" box="[151,752,1796,1818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAEC1583C18EEF890" ID-CoL="ef255b8a-80be-4474-b4f4-aeebd413cb0a" authority="Hirohito, 1995: 41" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,479,1796,1818]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Sagamihydra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC1583C182FF890" box="[151,286,1796,1818]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sagamihydra</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9ABF2DFFFDFFFFAF72583C18EEF890" author="" box="[292,479,1796,1818]" page="41" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAF72583C188CF890" box="[292,445,1796,1818]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref78798" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book">Hirohito, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 41
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[correct original spelling].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC1581A1BC6F8B2" blockId="27.[151,1177,1765,1848]" box="[151,759,1826,1848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC1581A1823F8B2" box="[151,274,1826,1848]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sagamihyra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAF41581A1881F8B2" box="[279,432,1826,1848]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref78798" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book">Hirohito, 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 42 [incorrect original spelling].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFFDFFFFAEC15858189BF83C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC158581A54F8FC" blockId="27.[151,869,1888,1910]" box="[151,869,1888,1910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC158581813F8FC" bold="true" box="[151,290,1888,1910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAF7F58581BFFF8FC" authority="Fraser, 1935 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1935" box="[297,718,1888,1910]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="reduplicatum">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAF7F58581B0AF8FC" box="[297,571,1888,1910]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium reduplicatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAC1458591BFFF8FC" box="[578,718,1888,1910]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref75924" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1935 b) Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 29, 105 - 112. [read 23 May 1935; 1935]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1935b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAEC158A5189BF83C" blockId="27.[151,1436,1949,2010]" box="[151,426,1949,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAEC158A5187DF83C" bold="true" box="[151,332,1949,1974]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Current status.</emphasis>
Invalid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFFDFFF8AE9158F91C7BFEEF" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFDFFFFAE9158F91CADF850" blockId="27.[151,1436,1949,2010]" box="[199,1436,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAE9158F9180AF850" bold="true" box="[199,315,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAF1F58F91BBAF850" authority="Fraser, 1935 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1935" box="[329,651,1985,2010]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAF1F58F918ECF850" box="[329,477,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAFBD58FA1BBAF850" box="[491,651,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref75924" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1935 b) Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, Series 3, Section 5, 29, 105 - 112. [read 23 May 1935; 1935]" type="journal article">Fraser, 1935b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is an invalid junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFDFFFFAA6058F91CADF850" authority="Koker, 1924: 22" authorityName="Koker" authorityPageNumber="22" authorityYear="1924" box="[1078,1436,1985,2010]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Endothecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFDFFFFAA6058F91DFBF850" box="[1078,1226,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Endothecium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFDFFFFAA8E58F91C5FF850" box="[1240,1390,1985,2010]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref79252" refString="Koker, E. M. J. (1924) Αnthozoa uit het Perm van het eiland Timor. I. Zaphrentidae, Plerophyllidae, Cystiphyllidae, Αmphiastreidae. Jaarboek van het Mijnwezen in Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, Verhandelingen, 51, 1 - 50." type="journal article">Koker, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 22
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFFAFFF8AEC15FAF1C7BFEEF" blockId="28.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(Anthozoa).
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFAFFF8AF705FAF18E6FF3A" box="[294,471,151,176]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref78798" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book">Hirohito (1995)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFAFFF8AC195FAF1BD5FF3A" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1995" box="[591,740,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Sagamihydra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFAFFF8AC195FAF1BD5FF3A" box="[591,740,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sagamihydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a replacement name for the junior homonym, although he misspelled it as
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFAFFF8AF185F8418E4FF5F" box="[334,469,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sagamihyra</emphasis>
on page
<quantity id="4CC334D9FFFAFFF8AC165F841B4BFF5F" box="[576,634,188,213]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="42.0">42 in</quantity>
the same publication. For the record,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFAFFF8AA7B5F841DF3FF5F" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1995" box="[1069,1218,188,213]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Sagamihydra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFAFFF8AA7B5F841DF3FF5F" box="[1069,1218,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sagamihydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is taken here to be the correct original spelling under the First Reviser Principle (ICZN 24.2.3). In the WoRMS list,
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFAFFF8AABD5FE71CB1FF72" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1995" box="[1259,1408,223,248]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Sagamihydra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFAFFF8AABD5FE71CB1FF72" box="[1259,1408,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Sagamihydra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently included in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFFAFFF8AC085E3C1A6FFE97" authority="Oken, 1815" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[606,862,260,285]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Haleciidae" genus="Halecium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFFAFFF8AC085E3C1BFAFE97" box="[606,715,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Halecium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFAFFF8AC835E3C1A6FFE97" box="[725,862,260,285]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref81190" refString="Oken, L. (1815) Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. III. Theil. Zoologie. Vol. 1. Oken, Jena, 842 pp." type="book">Oken, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but the genus is considered valid here in having hydranths with an intertentacular web, a cnidome comprising large haplonemes in addition to microbasic mastigophores, and gonophores that arise from within the hydrothecal cavity (Calder 1991;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFFAFFF8AACA5E741C0FFEEF" box="[1180,1342,332,357]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref78798" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1995) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part II. Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 355 pp." type="book">Hirohito 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>