treatments-xml/data/03/92/28/0392282AFFDDFFDFAEC15FA01AD8FA42.xml
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<mods:title id="89C47BED62E936AC531E100126BBB572">Names of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) established by Charles McLean Fraser (1872 - 1946), excluding those from Allan Hancock Expeditions</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAEC15FA01B5FFF38" authority="Fraser, 1944 a" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,622,152,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raridentata">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEC15FA01B5FFF38" bold="true" box="[151,622,152,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEC15FA0188EFF38" bold="true" box="[151,447,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia raridentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAF905FA01B5FFF38" box="[454,622,152,178]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser, 1944a</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAEC15FE6184EFF7F" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,383,222,245]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="apocarpa">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEC15FE6184EFF7F" box="[151,383,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia apocarpa</emphasis>
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Αllman, 1877: 41, pl. 24, figs. 59.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAEC15FC51B14FE99" authority="Nutting, 1900: 94" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,549,253,275]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEC15FC5185AFE99" box="[151,363,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
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: 94
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, pl. 19, figs. 3, 4 [invalid junior primary homonym of
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<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAA135FC51C2BFE99" box="[1093,1306,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
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].
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2BBE12FFDDFFDFAEC15E021BBFFEE5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAEC15E021B6DFEDA" authority="Fraser, 1944 a: 387" authorityName="Fraser" authorityPageNumber="387" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,604,314,336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raridentata">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEC15E0218A5FEDA" box="[151,404,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia raridentata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAFCD5E031B18FEDA" box="[411,553,314,336]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser, 1944a</bibRefCitation>
: 387
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, pl. 83, figs. 376a, b [replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAA7F5E021CA9FEDA" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[1065,1432,314,336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAA7F5E021DCEFEDA" box="[1065,1279,314,336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
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, not
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAEBB5E611BB2FEE5" authority="Lamouroux, 1816" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[237,643,345,367]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAEBB5E6118F3FEE5" box="[237,450,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
].
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.
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) off American Shoal Light, State University of
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Expedition of 1893, Sta.
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62, 128
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; two slides.
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) off American Shoal Light, State University of
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Expedition of 1893, Sta.
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62, 128
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; ethanol.
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locality.
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, 7080 fm (
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<elevation id="00167E0FFFDDFFDFAD785D141A9EFDCE" box="[814,943,556,581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="1.28" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="137.0" valueMax="146.0" valueMin="128.0">128146 m</elevation>
</quantity>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAD905D141D51FDCE" box="[966,1120,556,581]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref80962" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) Αmerican hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article">Nutting 1900</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFDDFFDFAE915D7718EBFDE2" blockId="59.[151,1437,412,1480]" box="[199,474,591,616]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAE915D77184DFDE2" bold="true" box="[199,380,591,616]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Current status.</emphasis>
Invalid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFDDFFDFAE915D4C1A64FA9F" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFDDFFDFAE915D4C1D7FFD5E" blockId="59.[151,1437,412,1480]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAE915D4C180AFD07" bold="true" box="[199,315,628,653]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks.</emphasis>
The binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAF8B5D4C1BC2FD07" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[477,755,628,653]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raridentata">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAF8B5D4C1BC2FD07" box="[477,755,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia raridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFADEB5D4D1D50FD06" box="[957,1121,628,652]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref77144" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1944 a) Hydroids of the Atlantic coast of North America. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 451 pp. [published no later than 19 July 1944: W. J. Dunlop (University of Toronto Press) to S. J. Cook (National Research Council, Canada), letter dated June 8, 1944, &quot; We have almost finished our work on Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast. The sheets are in the bindery and we should begin shipping before long. &quot; - C. M. Fraser to W. J. Dunlop, letter dated July 19, 1944, &quot; The six copies of ' Hydroids of the Αtlantic coast of North Αmerica' arrived safely. &quot; Both letters in University of Toronto Αrchives and Records Management Services, University of Toronto Press Fonds, B 1998 - 0025, Box 5]" type="book">Fraser (1944a)</bibRefCitation>
as a new replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAE965DAF1B63FD3A" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[192,594,663,688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAE965DAF189DFD3A" box="[192,428,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAFE35DAF1B63FD3A" box="[437,594,663,688]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref80962" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) Αmerican hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article">Nutting, 1900</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(not
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFACC65DAF1D62FD3A" authority="Lamouroux, 1816" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[656,1107,663,688]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFACC65DAF1A4FFD3A" box="[656,894,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFADD35DA01D62FD3A" box="[901,1107,663,688]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref79450" refString="Lamouroux, J. V. F. (1816) Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11172" type="book">Lamouroux, 1816</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The two therefore have the same
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAE815D851836FD5F" box="[215,263,701,725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
locality and the same name-bearing
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFACF25D851BE5FD5F" box="[676,724,701,725]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
material (ICZN Arts. 67.8, 72.7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFDDFFDFAE915DD819EFFB92" blockId="59.[151,1437,412,1480]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
A degree of uncertainty exists about specimens that qualify as name-bearing
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAA775DD81D6DFD72" box="[1057,1116,736,760]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
of new species described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAEC15C3C1873FC96" box="[151,322,772,797]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref80962" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) Αmerican hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAF955C3C1B81FC97" authorityName="Lamouroux" authorityYear="1816" box="[451,688,772,797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAF955C3C1B81FC97" box="[451,688,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A procedure was established by him whereby “…three series of slides [were prepared] from the same
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAC025C101BB5FCCA" box="[596,644,808,832]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
specimen… These series were then distributed to the
<collectingCountry id="F32CD9ACFFDDFFDFAB555C1F1CADFCCA" box="[1283,1436,807,832]" name="United States of America" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">United States</collectingCountry>
National Museum, the Museum of the State University of
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAD7C5C751A54FCEE" box="[810,869,845,868]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iowa</collectingRegion>
, and the private collection of the author” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAB135C7419CEFC02" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref80962" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) Αmerican hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article">Nutting 1900: 58</bibRefCitation>
). In Nuttings monograph, catalogue numbers were provided for slides at the “USNM” (NMNH) and at the university museum at
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAFE05CAD18DFFC26" box="[438,494,917,940]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iowa</collectingRegion>
(designated as “
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFACF25CAC1BEFFC26" box="[676,734,916,940]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
slides”), but not for the “
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFADA05CAC1D19FC26" box="[1014,1064,916,940]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
specimen” from which the slides were made, nor for slides in the Nutting Collection. Unless other evidence is found, the original “
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAABD5C801C2CFC5A" box="[1259,1309,952,976]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
specimen” cannot clearly be identified as such. The NMNH online database lists as
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAD9B5CE51D39FC7F" box="[973,1032,989,1013]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">types</typeStatus>
only those specimens on numbered slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFDDFFDFAE915B1D1A64FA9F" blockId="59.[151,1437,412,1480]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
In his account of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAFD95B1C1A05FBB6" authority=", Nutting (1900)" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[399,820,1060,1085]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAFD95B1C1B4AFBB7" box="[399,635,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFACDD5B1C1A05FBB6" box="[651,820,1060,1085]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref80962" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1900) Αmerican hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Special Bulletin, 4 (1), 1 - 285." type="journal article">Nutting (1900)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
explicitly assigned
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAA415B1D1D76FBB7" box="[1047,1095,1061,1085]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
status to material on slides at the NMNH (USNM 18645), at the Museum of the State University of
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAD8D5B701D22FBD5" box="[987,1043,1096,1119]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iowa</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAA715B701D7CFBEA" box="[1063,1101,1096,1120]" country="Haiti" name="Nord" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">No</collectingRegion>
. 15354), and in his personal collection (unnumbered). The latter two collections are likely to have been sent to the NMNH in a transfer of collections from
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAF035BA918BCFB22" box="[341,397,1169,1192]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Iowa</collectingRegion>
after Nuttings death (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFACDD5BB71A74FB22" box="[651,837,1167,1192]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref72568" refString="Calder, D. R. (2004) From birds to hydroids: Charles Cleveland Nutting (1858 - 1927) of the University of Iowa, USΑ. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 13 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 004 - 2668 - 2" type="journal article">Calder 2004: 23</bibRefCitation>
). It is unclear whether those slides were combined to form part of the
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAF1B5B8D1895FB47" box="[333,420,1205,1229]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
material listed above. Meanwhile, material of the species in ethanol at the NMNH (USNM 69685) is part of the same collection as the
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFACDE5BE11BEEFB7B" box="[648,735,1241,1265]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
slides, but it is not classified in the online database as part of the
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFAE965BC519C1FA9F" box="[192,240,1277,1301]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
series. It is regarded here as part of the
<typeStatus id="5480279EFFDDFFDFACF95BC51A37FA9F" box="[687,774,1277,1301]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321CAB7FFDDFFDFAE915A271AD8FA42" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B84993CFFDDFFDFAE915A271AD8FA42" blockId="59.[151,1437,412,1480]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAE915A271883FAB2" authorityName=", Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[199,434,1311,1336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAE915A271883FAB2" box="[199,434,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Aglaophenia elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its objective synonym
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFACB15A181AB7FAB2" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1944" box="[743,902,1311,1336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="raridentata">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFACB15A181AB7FAB2" box="[743,902,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. raridentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are subjective junior synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAB475A181807FAD6" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="apocarpa">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAB475A181CADFAB2" box="[1297,1436,1312,1336]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. apocarpa</emphasis>
Allman, 1877
</taxonomicName>
, a hydroid described from the same area (Sand Key) in the Straits of
<collectingRegion id="49FF57DEFFDDFFDFAA095A7C1D81FAD7" box="[1119,1200,1348,1373]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAA945A7C1C7AFAD6" box="[1218,1355,1348,1373]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref71019" refString="Bedot, M. (1921) Hydroides provenant des campagnes des yachts Hirondelle et Princesse-Alice (1887 a 1912). I. Plumularidae. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco, 60, 1 - 73." type="journal article">Bedot 1921</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAB0F5A7C19E3FA0A" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref71355" refString="Bogle, M. Α. (1975) A review and preliminary revision of the Aglaopheniinae (Hydroida: Plumulariidae) of the tropical western Atlantic. M. S. Thesis, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 307 pp." type="book">Bogle 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAEB65A5F1883FA0A" box="[224,434,1383,1408]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref72164" refString="Cairns, S. D., Calder, D. R., Brinckmann-Voss, Α., Castro, C. B., Fautin, D. G., Pugh, P. R., Mills, C. E., Jaap, W. C., Αrai, M. N., Haddock, S. H. D. &amp; Opresko, D. M. (2002) Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Second Edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 28, 1 - 115." type="journal article">
Cairns
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAF645A511855FA0A" box="[306,356,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). As for the binomen
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFACE65A501A0DFA0A" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[688,828,1384,1408]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="apocarpa">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFACE65A501A0DFA0A" box="[688,828,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. apocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, confusion persists over whether it or
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAAAF5A501802FA2E" authority="Allman, 1877" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lophocarpa">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAAAF5A501CADFA0A" box="[1273,1436,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. lophocarpa</emphasis>
Allman, 1877
</taxonomicName>
has precedence when the two are considered synonyms. As First Reviser (ICZN Art. 24.2),
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAB0F5AB419D0FA42" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref71019" refString="Bedot, M. (1921) Hydroides provenant des campagnes des yachts Hirondelle et Princesse-Alice (1887 a 1912). I. Plumularidae. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert Ier, Prince Souverain de Monaco, 60, 1 - 73." type="journal article">Bedot (1921)</bibRefCitation>
assigned precedence to the name
<taxonomicName id="4C3BE2BFFFDDFFDFAC085A881BD8FA42" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1877" box="[606,745,1456,1480]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Campanulariidae" genus="Aglaophenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="apocarpa">
<emphasis id="B94F452EFFDDFFDFAC085A881BD8FA42" box="[606,745,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">A. apocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFAAE4CDFFDDFFDFAD725A971A80FA42" box="[804,945,1455,1480]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref72482" refString="Calder, D. R. (1997) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contributions, 161, 1 - 85." type="journal article">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 54).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>