129 lines
9.5 KiB
XML
129 lines
9.5 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a15ec661-e796-4207-8509-756590c75c0e" ID-PMC="PMC4389221" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-493-1" ID-PubMed="25878545" ID-ZBK="1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-493-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 493" ModsDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" checkinTime="1451244490299" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Noort, Simon van, Buffington, Matthew L. & Forshage, Mattias" docDate="2015" docId="187ADC2E79D8FAD5403202A3B8775CEF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 493: 1-176" docOrigin="ZooKeys 493" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353" docTitle="Pycnostigmus Cameron 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="DD2DFF8EFFC4FFA2FFD7FFE4FFB46007" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)" masterLastPageNumber="176" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="128" updateTime="1668160156725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Afrotropical Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Noort, Simon van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Buffington, Matthew L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Forshage, Mattias</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>493</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>176</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.493.6353</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-493-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1FBFFA4CA71F495CAD22F2EB680FEF95</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152059223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:187ADC2E79D8FAD5403202A3B8775CEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/187ADC2E79D8FAD5403202A3B8775CEF" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Figitidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cameron, 1905" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnostigmus Cameron, 1905</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Revised by
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<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 30" title="A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species." volume="1392" year="2007">Buffington and van Noort (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Within the Afrotropical region,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnostigmus</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Tylosema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tylosema" order="Fabales" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tylosema</taxonomicName>
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. However,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnostigmus</taxonomicName>
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species lack notauli on the mesoscutum, an easily observable and reliable character. Outside the Afrotropical region,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pycnostigmus</taxonomicName>
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is more readily confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Trjapitziniola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trjapitziniola" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trjapitziniola</taxonomicName>
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; presently, this latter taxon is only known from the Palearctic region (Armenia, UAE), but it may be present in the Afrotropical region.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Figure 49.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus rostratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">Pycnostigmus rostratus</taxonomicName>
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(South Africa). A habitus lateral view B head and mesosoma dorsal view C head, anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Endemic to South Africa (
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<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 30" title="A world revision of the Pycnostigminae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) with descriptions of seven new species." volume="1392" year="2007">Buffington and van Noort 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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Hosts unknown. The phylogeny of
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<bibRefCitation author="Buffington, ML" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="287 - 304" title="Divergence estimates and early evolutionary history of Figitidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00617.x" volume="37" year="2012">Buffington et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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suggest the host might be a gall-inducing hymenopteran.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="127" pageNumber="128" type="species richness">
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">Species richness.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus fossilensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossilensis">Pycnostigmus fossilensis</taxonomicName>
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Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus hoerikwaggoensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hoerikwaggoensis">Pycnostigmus hoerikwaggoensis</taxonomicName>
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Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus incognito" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incognito">Pycnostigmus incognito</taxonomicName>
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Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus mastersonae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mastersonae">Pycnostigmus mastersonae</taxonomicName>
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Buffington & van Noort, 2007 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="127" pageNumber="128">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Figitidae" genus="Pycnostigmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pycnostigmus rostratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratus">Pycnostigmus rostratus</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1905 (South Africa)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |