346 lines
47 KiB
XML
346 lines
47 KiB
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<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2AFF81FF726119E751F914" box="[129,380,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Zancleopsis dichotoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E2AFF81FE7A6119E463F914" author="Bigelow" box="[393,590,1644,1670]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" pagination="99 - 189" refId="ref18910" refString="Bigelow., H. B. (1938) Plankton of the Bermuda Oceanographic Expeditions. VIII. Medusae taken during the years 1929 and 1930. Zool. Sci. Contrib. N. Y. Zool. Soc., 23, 99 - 189." type="journal article" year="1938">Bigelow, 1938: 102</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2AFF81FDA96119E68BF938" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="7.[98,165,1509,1530]" captionStartId-1="14.[129,196,1526,1547]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1103,164,1473]" captionTargetBox-1="[130,1187,164,1506]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-1@7.[151,1048,164,1473]" captionTargetId-1="figure-1@14.[129,1188,164,1507]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 1 Phylogenetic hypotheses for the Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae.A) Sampling localities.B) Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Capitata based on the concatenated multi-locus dataset, with numbers at nodes representing ML bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and MP bootstrap values, respectively; asterisks denote maximal support for all analyses, whereas dashes denote absence of the node in the analysis; samples corresponding to medusa stages are highlighted in grey. C) Species tree of the Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae, with numbers at nodes representing Bayesian posterior probabilities." captionText-1="FIGURE 2 Sphaerocoryne bedoti. Polyps from A, B) Maldives and C) Sint Eustatius. D) Tentacles organisation. E) Close-up of a hydranth showing the typical colouration.F) Hypostome, with a nematocyst band (arrowhead).G) Living polyp detached from the host and trying to ingest a portion of the host sponge.H) Capitulum with a central inclusion.I) Polyp with medusa buds organised in clusters.J) Close-up of a polyps with medusa buds clusters arising from the red band area. K) Polyp with medusa buds showing reproductive exhaustion.L) Newly released medusa.M) Desmonemes (d) and small stenoteles (ss) from the polyp. N) Large stenoteles (ls) and small stenoteles (ss) from the polyp. O) Heteroneme from the polyp.Scale bars: A, B) 0.5 mm; C-G, I-K) 0.2 mm; H, L) 25 Μm; M-O) 5 Μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343326" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343328" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8343326/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8343328/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E2AFF81FF4561FAE7CFF938" author="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R." box="[182,482,1679,1706]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" pagination="237 - 356" refId="ref24399" refString="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R. (2021). Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream. Rev. Suisse Zool., 128, 237 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0049." type="journal article" year="2021">Schuchert & Collins, 2021</bibRefCitation>
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(large form): 272, fig. 23.
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<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2AFF81FD5762CDE55BFA40" box="[676,886,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Astrocoryne cabela</emphasis>
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||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2AFF81FD5762A9E52DFA64" box="[676,768,1500,1526]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="14.[129,196,1526,1547]" captionStartId-1="16.[130,197,1371,1392]" captionStartId-2="18.[129,196,1371,1392]" captionTargetBox-0="[130,1187,164,1506]" captionTargetBox-1="[130,1188,164,1351]" captionTargetBox-2="[130,1187,164,1351]" captionTargetId-0="figure-1@14.[129,1188,164,1507]" captionTargetId-1="figure-73@16.[129,1188,164,1352]" captionTargetId-2="figure-71@18.[129,1188,164,1352]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionText-0="FIGURE 2 Sphaerocoryne bedoti. Polyps from A, B) Maldives and C) Sint Eustatius. D) Tentacles organisation. E) Close-up of a hydranth showing the typical colouration.F) Hypostome, with a nematocyst band (arrowhead).G) Living polyp detached from the host and trying to ingest a portion of the host sponge.H) Capitulum with a central inclusion.I) Polyp with medusa buds organised in clusters.J) Close-up of a polyps with medusa buds clusters arising from the red band area. K) Polyp with medusa buds showing reproductive exhaustion.L) Newly released medusa.M) Desmonemes (d) and small stenoteles (ss) from the polyp. N) Large stenoteles (ls) and small stenoteles (ss) from the polyp. O) Heteroneme from the polyp.Scale bars: A, B) 0.5 mm; C-G, I-K) 0.2 mm; H, L) 25 Μm; M-O) 5 Μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3 Kudacoryne diaphana. Polyps from A, B) Red Sea and C, D) Maldives.E) Hypostome. F) Capitulum.G) Polyps with medusa buds a few hours before release. H) Newly released medusa. I) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d) from the polyp stage.J) Macrobasic mastigophore from the polyp stage.K) Small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic mastigophores (mi) from the newly released medusa.Scale bars: A-D,G) 0.2 mm; E, H) 50 µm; F) 20 µm; I-K) 5 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4 Euphysilla pyramidata. A, B, C) Polyps from the Maldives.D) Close-up of a hydranth showing the typical colouration. E) Hypostome with nematocysts (arrowhead). F) Longitudinal organisation of tentacles.G) Polyps with medusa buds. H) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), I) desmonemes, and J) heteronemes from the polyp.K, L) Medusae with medusa buds.M) Detail of a bulb showing a reduced abaxial ocellum (arrowhead). Scale bars: A) 0.5 mm; B-D, G) 0.2 mm; E, F) 0.1 mm; H-J) 5 Μm; K, L) ~ 1 mm; M) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343328" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343330" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343332" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8343328/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8343330/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8343332/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E2AFF80FD576151E72CFE77" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E2AFF80FD576151E72CFE77" blockId="24.[676,1188,1572,1742]" lastBlockId="25.[98,610,171,1706]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2AFF81FD576151E5B9F9AC" box="[676,916,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Examined material</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<materialsCitation id="2AC93CCD8E2AFF80FC336151E6D0FE77" collectingDate="2015-12-17" collectingDateMax="2020-06-17" collectingDateMin="2015-12-17" collectionCode="BFLA" collectorName="Sample MA & Sample KA" country="Maldives" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="512" location="Maldives" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" specimenCode="BFLA4408, BFLA4467" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectorName id="375453468E2AFF81FC336151E270F9AC" box="[960,1117,1572,1598]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Sample MA</collectorName>
|
||
16053,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E2AFF81FD57613DE526F9F0" box="[676,779,1608,1634]" name="Maldives" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2AFF81FCD6613DE58EF9F0" box="[805,931,1608,1634]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" value="2016-02-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2AFF81FCD6613DE58EF9F0" box="[805,931,1608,1634]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" value="2016-02-08">08/02/2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, polyps in ethanol and formalin (MSNM-Coe-341) and young medusae in formalin (MSNM-Coe-342). –
|
||
<collectorName id="375453468E2AFF81FD3761C6E560F95C" box="[708,845,1715,1742]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Sample MA</collectorName>
|
||
16052,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E2AFF81FC5761C6E226F95F" box="[932,1035,1715,1741]" name="Maldives" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2AFF81FBD261C6E2B3F95F" box="[1057,1182,1715,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" value="2016-02-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2AFF81FBD261C6E2B3F95F" box="[1057,1182,1715,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" value="2016-02-08">08/02/2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, polyps in ethanol and formalin. –
|
||
<collectorName id="375453468E2BFF80FDFD67DEE6ABFF78" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Sample MA</collectorName>
|
||
1016013,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E2BFF80FF0867BAE74FFF7B" box="[251,354,207,233]" name="Maldives" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2BFF80FE7067BAE7DAFF7B" box="[387,503,207,233]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2016-10-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2BFF80FE7067BAE7DAFF7B" box="[387,503,207,233]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2016-10-12">12/10/2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, polyps in ethanol and formalin. –
|
||
<collectorName id="375453468E2BFF80FE4A6786E417FE9F" box="[441,570,243,269]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Sample KA</collectorName>
|
||
175,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E2BFF80FF916662E6D7FEA3" box="[98,250,279,305]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2BFF80FEF46662E755FEA0" box="[263,376,279,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2015-12-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2BFF80FEF46662E755FEA0" box="[263,376,279,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2015-12-17">17/12/2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, polyps in ethanol. –Sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="CA079EEB8E2BFF80FF3C664EE769FEC7" box="[207,324,315,341]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">BFLA4408</specimenCode>
|
||
, off Florida,
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2BFF80FE2F664EE470FEC4" box="[476,605,315,342]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2020-05-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2BFF80FE2F664EE470FEC4" box="[476,605,315,342]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2020-05-26">26/05/2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, part of medusa in ethanol and in situ photos. – Sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="CA079EEB8E2BFF80FF2B66F6E767FE0F" box="[216,330,387,413]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">BFLA4467</specimenCode>
|
||
, off Florida,
|
||
<date id="EE1F10508E2BFF80FE1266F6E470FE0F" box="[481,605,387,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2020-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E2BFF80FE1266F6E470FE0F" box="[481,605,387,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" value="2020-06-17">17/06/2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, medusa in formalin (UF-014072), ethanol and in situ photos
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E2BFF80FF72669AE5DBF93B" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E2BFF80FF72669AE7E7F988" blockId="25.[98,610,171,1706]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FF72669AE769FD9B" box="[129,324,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Description: Polyp</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies monomorphic, living in association with sponges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2BFF80FE146567E408FDBF" box="[487,549,530,557]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-1@26.[129,1188,164,1509]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8 Zancleopsis cabela. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives.D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds.F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars:A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm;F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A-C). Hydrorhiza tubular, covered by moderately thick and slightly wrinkled perisarc, embedded by the sponge host. Pedicels short to moderately long (up to 580 Μm), unbranched, covered by a smooth, thin, cup-shaped or elongated perisarc. Hydranth pyriform or slightly pyriform, up to
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E2BFF80FED6647BE755FCBA" box="[293,376,782,808]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with variable diameter (up to 250 Μm). Hypostome proboscis-like, contractile. Up to 10 tentacles (range 8–10) arranged in one or two close whorls in the broadest part of the polyp. Each tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula (diameter: 50–110 Μm in the distal whorl; 25–45 Μm in the proximal whorl) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2BFF80FDF0637CE478FBB1" box="[515,597,1033,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-1@26.[129,1188,164,1509]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8 Zancleopsis cabela. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives.D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds.F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars:A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm;F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles up to 550 Μm long in the distal whorl, shorter in the proximal whorl (up to 320 Μm) when present. Nematocyst clusters about 100 Μm distant from one other, closer when tentacles are contracted. Up to 11 medusa buds at different stages of maturation develop among tentacles, singly or in couple on blastostyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2BFF80FF99625DE695FAD1" box="[106,184,1320,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-1@26.[129,1188,164,1509]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8 Zancleopsis cabela. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives.D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds.F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars:A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm;F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Living hydranths transparent, with white mouths and whitish or light orange gastric cavities. Desmonemes, microbasic euryteles, small, large and medium-sized stenoteles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2BFF80FF9962CDE6CDFA40" box="[106,224,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-1@26.[129,1188,164,1509]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8 Zancleopsis cabela. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives.D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds.F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars:A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm;F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">figs. 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) occurring simultaneously in the terminal and proximal capitula, and in the hydrorhiza, rare in the hydranth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E2BFF80FF726151E5D2FCBA" blockId="25.[98,610,171,1706]" lastBlockId="25.[645,1157,171,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FF726151E7B9F9AC" box="[129,404,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Newly liberated medusa</emphasis>
|
||
. Newly liberated medusa hemispherical, up to 500 Μm wide and high, with nematocysts scattered on the exumbrella. Manubrium cylindrical, up to 200 Μm long and 110 wide at the base, spanning from 1/3 to 1/2 of the bell height, distally provided with a circular mouth. Four radial canals ending in four bulbs with a diameter of up to 70 Μm, and a circular canal. Bulbs and circular canals containing nematocysts. At release medusae with no tentacles, but with bulbs showing swellings filled with nematocysts. Two opposite tentacles after two days from release. Tentacles up to 300 Μm long, with terminal spherical nematocyst-rich capitula with a diameter of up to 85 Μm. Ocelli absent at release. Microbasic mastigophores and rarely microbasic euryteles scattered on the exumbrella, medium-sized stenoteles in the circular canal, medium-sized stenoteles and desmonemes in the bulb swellings and in the terminal capitula of tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E2BFF80FD576447E59FFA8D" blockId="25.[645,1157,171,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FD576447E252FCDE" box="[676,1151,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Polyp and newly liberated medusa cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
. i) Desmonemes (undischarged: 7–9 × 4–5 Μm; discharged capsule: 6–8 × 4–5 Μm). ii) Microbasic euryteles (undischarged: 13–15 × 5–6 Μm; discharged capsule: 10–12 × 4–5 Μm; shaft: 9–11 Μm). iii) Large stenoteles (undischarged: 18–21 × 13–17 Μm; discharged capsule: 15–18 × 11–15 Μm). iv) Medium-sized stenoteles (undischarged:9–10 × 6–7 Μm;discharged capsule: 8–9 × 5 Μm). v) Small stenoteles (undischarged: 5–6 × 4–5 Μm; discharged capsule: 5 × 4–5 Μm). vi) Microbasic mastigophores (undischarged: 6–7 × 5–7 Μm; discharged capsule: 5 × 5 Μm; shaft: 5 Μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E2BFF80FD57625DE5DBF93B" blockId="25.[645,1157,171,1705]" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FD57625DE56DFAD0" box="[676,832,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Adult medusa</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E2BFF80FC65625DE49AFAF4" author="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R." pageId="25" pageNumber="512" pagination="237 - 356" refId="ref24399" refString="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R. (2021). Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream. Rev. Suisse Zool., 128, 237 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0049." type="journal article" year="2021">Schuchert & Collins, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E2BFF80FD3B6238E573FAF4" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[712,862,1356,1382]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FD3B6238E573FAF4" box="[712,862,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
large form). Similar but much larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E2BFF80FCB86204E5F7FA18" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[843,986,1392,1418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FCB86204E5F7FA18" box="[843,986,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(= small form), height
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E2BFF80FD2662E1E562FA3D" box="[725,847,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8 to 15 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E2BFF80FC7962E1E5E5FA3D" box="[906,968,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, apical process larger reaching 1/2 of total height, tip of apical process whitish, more and larger vertical gonad folds, approximately up to 15, grouped in 2–3 folds adradial, brownish, oocytes yellow, tentacle bulbs with intense yellow colour, shorter tentacle pair longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E2BFF80FD2F61E5E546F93B" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[732,875,1679,1705]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="25" pageNumber="512" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2BFF80FD2F61E5E546F93B" box="[732,875,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E2BFF80FC8B61FAE595F93B" box="[888,952,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-1@26.[129,1188,164,1509]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 8 Zancleopsis cabela. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives.D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds.F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars:A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm;F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="512">figs. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
H-K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="CEDE66188E28FF83FF72628DE23EF910" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343340" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8343340" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343340/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="513" startId="26.[129,196,1528,1549]" targetBox="[130,1187,164,1508]" targetPageId="26" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E28FF83FF72628DE23EF910" blockId="26.[129,1162,1527,1667]" pageId="26" pageNumber="513">
|
||
FIGURE 8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E28FF83FF0A6282E78CF99E" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[249,417,1527,1548]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="26" pageNumber="513" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E28FF83FF0A6282E78CF99E" box="[249,417,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="513">Zancleopsis cabela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Polyps from A) Saudi Arabia and B, C) Maldives. D) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula. E) Maldivian polyp with medusa buds. F) Large stenoteles (ls), medium-sized stenoteles (ms), small stenoteles (ss), and desmonemes (d). G) small stenoteles (ss) and microbasic euryteles (e). H, I) Female and male medusae, respectively. Details of J) manubrium with female gonads and K) tentacles. Scale bars: A-C, E) 0.2 mm; D) 50 Μm; F, G) 5 Μm; H-K) ~ 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E29FF82FF7267DEE751FE9C" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E29FF82FF7267DEE751FE9C" blockId="27.[98,610,171,988]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF7267DEE728FF57" box="[129,261,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E29FF82FE0167DEE470FF57" box="[498,605,171,197]" name="Bermuda" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Florida), and Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E29FF82FF996786E6D0FE9F" box="[106,253,243,269]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E29FF82FEF46786E75CFE9C" box="[263,369,243,270]" name="Maldives" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E29FF82FF726662E431FC49" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E29FF82FF726662E431FC49" blockId="27.[98,610,171,988]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF726662E6CDFEA3" box="[129,224,279,305]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:The polyp stage of this species was previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE83664EE7F8FEC7" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[368,469,315,341]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE83664EE7F8FEC7" box="[368,469,315,341]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">A. cabela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but genetic data allowed us to link it to the large morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FF7466F1E730FE0F" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[135,285,387,413]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF7466F1E730FE0F" box="[135,285,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E29FF82FE3D66F6E6D1FE53" author="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R." pageId="27" pageNumber="514" pagination="237 - 356" refId="ref24399" refString="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R. (2021). Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream. Rev. Suisse Zool., 128, 237 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0049." type="journal article" year="2021">Schuchert & Collins (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, further confirming the synonymisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FF1A66BEE741FE77" box="[233,364,459,485]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Astrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF1A66BEE741FE77" box="[233,364,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Astrocoryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE5866BEE406FE77" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1907" box="[427,555,459,485]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE5866BEE406FE77" box="[427,555,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Zancleopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The main differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FEB4669AE7F5FD9B" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[327,472,495,521]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FEB4669AE7F5FD9B" box="[327,472,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a larger adult medusa and larger polyps with tentacles less regularly organised.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E29FF82FE316542E44CFDC3" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[450,609,566,593]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" pagination="1 - 200" refId="ref21165" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1968) The hydromedusae of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sections II and III. Dana Rep., 72, 1 - 200." type="journal article" year="1968">Kramp (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspected that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FEE1652EE789FDE6" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[274,420,602,628]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FEE1652EE789FDE6" box="[274,420,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE12652FE75DFD0A" authority="Kramp, 1928" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1928" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE12652FE6CDFD0A" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Zancleopsis tentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E29FF82FF14650AE75DFD0A" author="Kramp, P. L." box="[231,368,638,665]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" pagination="27 - 64" refId="ref21035" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1928) Papers from Dr. Mortensen's Pacific Expeditions 1914 - 1916, XLIII. Hydromedusae 1. Anthomedusae. Vidensk. Medd. fra Dansk. Naturh. Foren., 85, 27 - 64." type="journal article" year="1928">Kramp, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could be conspecific.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FF9165D7E744FD2E" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1928" box="[98,361,674,700]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF9165D7E744FD2E" box="[98,361,674,700]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Zancleopsis tentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="451A88328E29FF82FE8865D7E783FD2E" box="[379,430,674,700]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Banda Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E29FF82FF6B65B3E724FD73" box="[152,265,710,737]" name="Indonesia" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) generally shows a larger size and the short tentacles are longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FDBE659EE6FAFCBA" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FDBE659EE6FAFCBA" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, something shared with
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE04647AE44FFCBA" box="[503,610,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE04647AE473FCBA" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[503,606,782,808]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">Z. cabela</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, given the uncertainties in the morphological identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE6C6423E414FCE2" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1928" box="[415,569,854,880]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE6C6423E414FCE2" box="[415,569,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. tentaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we prefer to ascribe these specimens to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FE09640FE476FC01" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[506,603,889,915]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FE09640FE476FC01" box="[506,603,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">Z. cabela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because genetic data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="451A88328E29FF82FE5A64EBE7F7FC2A" box="[425,474,926,952]" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E29FF82FF9164B7E6E8FC49" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[98,197,961,988]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="27" pageNumber="514" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E29FF82FF9164B7E6E8FC49" box="[98,197,961,988]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="514">A. cabela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were included in the analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |