769 lines
93 KiB
XML
769 lines
93 KiB
XML
<document id="2475E68F5CB3E8469AFDD6B2BEDBDA04" ID-CLB-Dataset="55635" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6df10d24-9c7b-4b70-8eb6-a637991879ce" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6530365" ID-ZooBank="D5677074-3D13-4D8A-8B9C-03BE43E1DA47" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1652082652668" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Ye-hao, Nel, André, Fu, Yan-zhe, Su, Yi-tong, Cai, Chen-yang, Liu, Yu-ming, Gao, Jian & Huang, Di-ying" docDate="2022" docId="03CBDC45FFF27B0233E7FD2DFC51D900" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.5.2.12.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 5 (2)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/d5677074-3d13-4d8a-8b9c-03be43e1da47" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Liassorhyphus liaoi Nel & Huang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="83AFEC0D-75BE-419B-8E48-A3CE1E0253DC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="FFF2A43DFFF57B0A336FFFAEFFECDC41" masterDocTitle="New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China" masterLastPageNumber="194" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="190" updateTime="1699329907202" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA512CF724984B5526E5243A5B024D95">
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<mods:title id="2C048F378F640E80D897C4F3122A8B36">New insect fossils discovered from the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation at the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, NW China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97C7DF89875B6196414711B5B5DA52E0">Wang, Ye-hao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FA6B93870B8DF5C6B8180E03F58CCFC">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="28B1A7E560C603938F96F52C61AAF6D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="440B408F1F7C86EABDA0392D1025BBD4">Fu, Yan-zhe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DF76D8C7199DB61570300E7A96C573F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B44A530FA34AFAECE799BDF24F017E4C">Su, Yi-tong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="33217ECC74B8798DAD9FC21B585D5C6C">Cai, Chen-yang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F43EAEC5B3A3115EABC500264FCDE0ED">Liu, Yu-ming</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42BB0C3DF680934392A1971B5278BFBE">Gao, Jian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="80A6951A2AAEC15B5CE96C87CA8BC996">Huang, Di-ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7AC64BB2F21884EB993305F5470B48F1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0F7FE73805C73AEBFE1C137663AC6C73">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5F96DB50730690F3E9C8E20C24003B70">
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<mods:date id="C5EFFAE49ED519BF66C0CA4CE0774F28">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A1BDC0CA87F4A5480A1FB86D206B412E">2022-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B002CFE81A0FDA5E82802BCA96C25063" type="CLB-Dataset">55635</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4F752064E59A6092D85D3E47BC136DE9" type="DOI">10.11646/palaeoentomology.5.2.12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="7E369A795A9EA1212082CF30D3B651A9" type="ISSN">2624-2834</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CBDC45FFF27B0233E7FD2DFC51D900" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6532875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195277771" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6532875" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:83AFEC0D-75BE-419B-8E48-A3CE1E0253DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CBDC45FFF27B0233E7FD2DFC51D900" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33E7FD2DFD95DEDF" box="[136,633,643,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33E7FD2DFD95DEDF" blockId="7.[136,778,643,780]" box="[136,633,643,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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<heading id="D095DA3FFFF27B0D33E7FD2DFD95DEDF" bold="true" box="[136,633,643,670]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33E7FD2DFD95DEDF" bold="true" box="[136,633,643,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D33E7FD2DFDF8DEDF" authority="Nel & Huang" authorityName="Nel & Huang" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,532,643,670]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Liassorhyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liaoi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33E7FD2DFE80DEDF" bold="true" box="[136,364,643,670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Liassorhyphus liaoi</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Huang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2250C3AFFF27B0D314FFD2AFD95DEDF" box="[544,633,644,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33E7FD06FEA0DF4D" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33E7FD06FEA0DF4D" blockId="7.[136,778,643,780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="135971D6FFF27B0D33FFFD06FF3FDE82" box="[144,211,680,707]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,235,2007,2031]" captionTargetBox="[280,1308,955,1958]" captionTargetId="figure-314@6.[280,1308,955,1983]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Liassorhyphus liaoi Nel & Huang, gen. et sp. nov. (NIGP180152) from the upper Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in Xinjiang. A, Photography. B, Line drawing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530375/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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)
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<uri id="FFF36151FFF27B0D33E7FD62FEA0DF4D" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="FFC45786FFF27B0D32F2FD62FEA0DF4D" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">83AFEC0D-75BE-419B-8E48- A3CE1E0253DC</uuid>
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</uri>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33E7FC94FE0DDF39" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33E7FC94FE0DDF39" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33E7FC94FF1BDF15" bold="true" box="[136,247,826,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0A670EFFF27B0D326EFC94FE0DDF39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763877304" collectionCode="NIGP" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" specimenCode="NIGP180152" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFF27B0D326EFC94FE85DF15" box="[257,361,826,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBC4C528FFF27B0D3215FC94FDFADF14" box="[378,534,826,853]" collectionCode="NIGP" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/j51y-avsb" name="Naking Institute of Geology and Palaeontology" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">NIGP180152</specimenCode>
|
||
), only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D64A6DAFFF27B0D3108FC95FCEADF15" box="[615,774,826,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
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, incomplete, slightly deformed.
|
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33D2FC2DFECDD815" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33D2FC2DFECDD815" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33D2FC2DFEA8DFDC" bold="true" box="[189,324,899,925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Named after Professor Zhuoting Liao, a well-known palaeontologist for Late Palaeozoic brachiopods and stratigraphy, the guider of the field trip of this study at 2018. He passed away during the field work in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6A3B1FFF27B0D33BBFBBBFE79D86E" box="[212,405,1045,1071]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Guangxi Zhuang</collectingRegion>
|
||
Autonomous Region in 2019 at the age of 80.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33D2FBF0FE39D839" box="[189,469,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33D2FBF0FE39D839" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" box="[189,469,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33D2FBF0FED4D839" bold="true" box="[189,312,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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As for genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33D2FB2DFF04D8A4" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33D2FB2DFF04D8A4" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B0A670EFFF27B0D33D2FB2DFF08D8A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763877301" county="Daheyan Town" location="Early Jurassic" municipality="Turpan City" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33D2FB2DFDE8D8DD" bold="true" box="[189,516,1154,1181]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFF27B0D33D2FB2DFF14D8DC" box="[189,248,1155,1181]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and horizon.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A fossil locality near the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62BC15DFFFF27B0D33D7FB09FE87D880" box="[184,363,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Daheyan Town</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB9F729FFF27B0D3212FB09FDE0D880" box="[381,524,1191,1217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Turpan City</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A6A3B1FFF27B0D3170FB09FD69D880" box="[543,645,1191,1217]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
; late
|
||
<location id="8EBD3B88FFF27B0D31A2FB09FF08D8A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CBDC45FFF27B0233E7FD2DFC51D900:8EBD3B88FFF27B0D31A2FB09FF08D8A4" county="Daheyan Town" municipality="Turpan City" name="Early Jurassic" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Early Jurassic</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0D33D2FB5EFD41DAA5" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33D2FB5EFD41DAA5" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
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<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33D2FB5EFEA3D94B" bold="true" box="[189,335,1264,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Coloration not preserved; wing
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D31D1FB5FFD34D94B" box="[702,728,1265,1290]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. 4.0 mm long and
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3244FABBFEA9D96F" box="[299,325,1301,1326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">ca</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4C9AC0B6FFF27B0D3239FABAFE43D96E" box="[342,431,1300,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide; Sc ≥ 0.5× wing length, ending on anterior margin of wing
|
||
<quantity id="4C9AC0B6FFF27B0D3160FA97FD89D912" box="[527,613,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
distad level of base of R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3380FADEFEE5D93F" attach="left" box="[239,265,1392,1406]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+3</subScript>
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; three radial branches; vein R
|
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<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D313BFADEFDB0D93F" attach="left" box="[596,604,1392,1406]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
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fused into R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3187FADEFCEED93F" attach="left" box="[744,770,1392,1406]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
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; R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D33F4FA3AFF59D9E3" attach="left" box="[155,181,1428,1442]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
elongate (longer than half wing-length); crossvein rm between R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3271FA16FED4D987" attach="left" box="[286,312,1464,1478]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and upper margin of d-cell, as R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D31C1FA17FD5AD986" attach="left" box="[686,694,1465,1479]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D306DFA16FCE6D987" attach="left" box="[770,778,1464,1478]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">5</subScript>
|
||
fused in R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D326EFA73FEF7D9AA" attach="left" box="[257,283,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
; four medial branches; M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3127FA73FDBCD9AA" attach="left" box="[584,592,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D31CAFA73FD41D9AA" attach="left" box="[677,685,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
leaving d-cell with a short petiole; M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D32B2F9ACFE09DA51" attach="left" box="[477,485,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3155F9ACFDAEDA51" attach="left" box="[570,578,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
shorter than half of wing length; CuA strongly arched posteriorly in its distal part; crossvein cua-m very long and curved; d-cell closed, 1.0 mm long, longer than 0.1 wing length, located near mid wing; R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3220F93AFEBBDAE3" attach="left" box="[335,343,1684,1698]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D32CCF93AFE50DAE3" attach="left" box="[419,444,1684,1698]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+3</subScript>
|
||
subparallel; apices of R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D31BEF93AFD35DAE3" attach="left" box="[721,729,1684,1698]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D33F4F916FF58DA87" attach="left" box="[155,180,1720,1734]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+3</subScript>
|
||
weakly approximate; R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D32AEF916FE36DA87" attach="left" box="[449,474,1720,1734]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+4</subScript>
|
||
slightly arched; stem of M well-developed; R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3239F972FE9CDAAB" attach="left" box="[342,368,1756,1770]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
arched; alula not preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3783ED8FFF27B0233D2F941FC51D900" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D33D2F941FB35DE17" blockId="7.[136,778,826,2093]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1452,171,2099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D33D2F941FEDDDB48" bold="true" box="[189,305,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3213F940FDCADB49" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[380,550,1774,1800]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very ancient ‘nematoceran’ fly superfamily, currently comprising the two extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3221F899FD3EDB10" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[334,722,1847,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae Handlirsch, 1906</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D33E7F8F2FE32DB36" authority="Kovalev, 1985" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1985" box="[136,478,1884,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Siberhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Siberhyphidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D325BF8F2FE32DB36" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[308,478,1884,1911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="113 - 187" refId="ref7918" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Infraorder Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (Eds), Dvukrylye yury Sibiri [Insecta Diptera of the Jurassic in Siberia]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Moskovskpe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, 113 - 187. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1985">Kovalev, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the fossil and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D33E7F82EFE50DBDA" authority="Knab, 1912" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[136,444,1920,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Anisopodidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D325EF82EFE50DBDA" author="Knab, F." box="[305,444,1920,1947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="111 - 113" refId="ref7886" refString="Knab, F. (1912) New species of Anisopidae (Rhyphidae) from tropical America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 25, 111 - 113." type="journal article" year="1912">Knab, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some of the oldest known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D33E7F80BFF30DBFE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[136,220,1957,1983]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong to this superfamily (
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D312DF808FDA2DBFE" box="[578,590,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D313AF808FD8FDBFE" box="[597,611,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D31EEF80BFD60DBA5" authority="Krzeminski & Krzeminska, 2003" authorityName="Krzeminski & Krzeminska" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Vymrhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D31EEF80BFEE2DBA2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Vymrhyphus blagoderovi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D327AF867FD60DBA5" author="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." box="[277,652,1993,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="153 - 184" refId="ref8219" refString="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 153 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D31F2F867FF18D449" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D319AF864FF72D449" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed the fossil genera and species and proposed a phylogenetic analysis of the group, using
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D31ADF7BCFBDADC87" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1940" box="[706,1078,171,2092]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D31ADF7BCFC4EDC84" box="[706,930,172,2092]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Plecia americana</emphasis>
|
||
(Bibionidae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as outgroup in their analysis. The superfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D30D7FF7EFB8EDCAB" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[952,1122,208,234]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently considered as a member of the infraorder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D373DFF5AFA4BDD4E" authority="Hennig, 1954" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1954" box="[1106,1447,244,271]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Bibionomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">
|
||
Bibionomorpha
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3665FF5AFA4BDD4E" author="Hennig, W." box="[1290,1447,244,271]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="245 - 388" refId="ref7271" refString="Hennig, W. (1954) Flugelgeader und System der Dipteren unter Berucksichtigung der aus dem Mesozoikum beschriebenen Fossilien. Beitrage zur Entomologie, 4, 245 - 388. [In German]" type="journal article" year="1954">Hennig, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but Zhang X.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D30BEFEB4FBEADD72" box="[977,1030,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022) proposed, after a molecular phylogenetic analysis that the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D367FFE93FA40DD16" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[1296,1452,317,343]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the sister group to the Brachycera, the clade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3045FE28FC36DDE1" authorityName="Hennig" authorityYear="1954" box="[810,986,390,416]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraOrder="Bibionomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Bibionomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the sister group to the(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3661FE28FA47DDE1" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[1294,1451,390,416]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Brachycera). If confirmed, this position would suggest that it is necessary to re-make the phylogenetic analysis of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D303DFE5DFC10DE4C" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[850,1020,499,525]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the addition of some Brachycera as outgroups to improve the polarization of the characters in the analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3080FD92FB38DE17" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." box="[1007,1236,572,599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3728FD93FB95DE17" box="[1095,1145,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B0D3030FDCFFB5BDF3B" blockId="7.[810,1452,171,2099]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
||
Nevertheless, as it is, the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3663FDCFFC98DEDE" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3603FDCCFA49DE3A" box="[1388,1445,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is very useful to determine the positions of new taxa in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D30C2FD04FBB6DE85" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[941,1114,682,708]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This superfamily, being in a ‘link’ position between ‘Nematocera’ and Brachycera, is of major importance to better understand the evolution of the flies. With only five extant genera
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3660FCB6FACADF70" box="[1295,1318,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. 15 strictly Mesozoic genera, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3748FC95FB3DDF14" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[1063,1233,827,853]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
were clearly more diverse at that time than now a day.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFF27B023030FC2AFE49DD65" blockId="7.[810,1452,171,2099]" lastBlockId="8.[136,778,158,2093]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
|
||
This fossil wing is very similar to those of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3045FC07FC2ADF82" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[810,966,937,963]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D30BAFC07FC0DDF83" box="[981,993,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3087FC07FC1ADF83" box="[1000,1014,937,962]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3765FC07FAEEDF82" authority="Harris, 1780" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1780" box="[1034,1282,937,963]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Sylvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3765FC07FB9DDF82" box="[1034,1137,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Sylvicola</emphasis>
|
||
Harris, 1780
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3649FC07FBF9DFA9" authority="Osten Sacken, 1886" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1886" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Olbiogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3649FC07FA40DF82" box="[1318,1452,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Olbiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
Osten Sacken, 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), especially in the simple R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3631FC4EFA9BDFAF" attach="left" box="[1374,1399,992,1006]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+3</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3053FBAAFCBAD853" attach="left" box="[828,854,1028,1042]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, the shape of the d-cell and of the branches of M. After the phylogenetic analysis of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37D5FBB8FA4BD871" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." box="[1210,1447,1046,1073]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D367AFBB9FAA5D871" box="[1301,1353,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, affinities of the new fossil with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D37B2FB94FA66D815" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1245,1418,1082,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a Triassic–Jurassic group) are excluded because of the following characters: three radial cells in the new fossil (
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D305CFB07FCA6D883" box="[819,842,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. four); vein R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3087FB14FC1CD889" attach="left" box="[1000,1008,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
||
fused into R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3711FB14FB74D889" attach="left" box="[1150,1176,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D37C8FB07FB52D883" box="[1191,1214,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D37B0FB14FB0BD889" attach="left" box="[1247,1255,1210,1224]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
||
well-developed); r-m between R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D30B6FB70FC1FD8AD" attach="left" box="[985,1011,1246,1260]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and upper margin of d-cell (a rather weak character because, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D370FFB5FFAFCD94A" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1120,1296,1265,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is between R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3053FA89FCBAD974" attach="left" box="[828,854,1319,1333]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
stem and d-cell, because there is a stem of R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D361FFA89FA66D974" attach="left" box="[1392,1418,1319,1333]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
as R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3053FAE2FCA8D91B" attach="left" box="[828,836,1356,1370]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D30F6FAE2FC4DD91B" attach="left" box="[921,929,1356,1370]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">5</subScript>
|
||
are distally separated); R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D37B8FAE2FB1DD91B" attach="left" box="[1239,1265,1356,1370]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4+5</subScript>
|
||
elongate (same situation as before because, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D37F3FAF0FAA0D939" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1180,1356,1374,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3601FADEFA9AD93F" attach="left" box="[1390,1398,1392,1406]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">4</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3053FA3BFCA8D9E2" attach="left" box="[828,836,1429,1443]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">5</subScript>
|
||
are separated). Affinities with the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3674FA2CFA7FD9DD" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1910" box="[1307,1427,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Mesochria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesochria</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3045FA09FC48D983" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[810,932,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Mycetobia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="192" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mycetobia</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D30D2FA09FBB0D980" authorityName="Crampton" authorityYear="1924" box="[957,1116,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mycetobiinae">Mycetobiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a clade with a fossil record going into the mid-Cretaceous;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37FFFA65FA44D9A4" author="Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. & Sontag, E. & Wang, B." box="[1168,1448,1483,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref9106" refString="Szadziewski, R., Szwedo, J., Sontag, E. & Wang, B. (2016) The oldest species of the relic extant genus Mesochria from Eocene Fushun amber of China (Diptera: Anisopodidae: Mycetobiinae). Palaeontologia Electronica, 19.1.12 A, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 544" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
Szadziewski
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D364BFA62FABAD9A4" box="[1316,1366,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3045FA5EFBE6DA4B" author="Kania, I. & Wojton, M. & Krzeminski, W." box="[810,1034,1520,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="302 - 309" refId="ref7683" refString="Kania, I., Wojton, M. & Krzeminski, W. (2019 a) The oldest Mycetobia Meigen, 1818 (Diptera, Anisopodoidea) from Upper Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 95, 302 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.11.014" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kania
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3018FA5FFC47DA4B" box="[887,939,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3776FA5EFAE5DA4B" author="Camier, M. & Nel, A." box="[1049,1289,1520,1546]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="245 - 250" refId="ref6550" refString="Camier, M. & Nel, A. (2019) First Mycetobiinae of the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France) (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Palaeoentomology, 2 (3), 245 - 250. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / palaeoentomology. 2.3.9" type="journal article" year="2019">Camier & Nel, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are excluded because the new fossil has four branches of M, the d-cell is opened, and there is a long petiole of M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D378FF9E5FB04DA18" attach="left" box="[1248,1256,1611,1625]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3659F9E5FAD2DA18" attach="left" box="[1334,1342,1611,1625]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
. The new fossil shares with the two taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D37FCF9F3FB55DADD" authority="Krzeminski & Krzeminska, 2003" authorityName="Krzeminski & Krzeminska" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Vymrhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blagoderovi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D37FCF9F3FA47DA36" box="[1171,1451,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Vymrhyphus blagoderovi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3045F92FFB55DADD" author="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." box="[810,1209,1665,1692]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="153 - 184" refId="ref8219" refString="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 153 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3797F92FFA44DADA" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1272,1448,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, thus with affinities excluded;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3719F908FC88DAA4" author="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E." pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="153 - 184" refId="ref8219" refString="Krzeminski, W. & Krzeminska, E. (2003) Triassic Diptera: descriptions, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 46 (suppl. - Fossil Insects), 153 - 184." type="journal article" year="2003">Krzemiński & Krzemińska, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D30F0F964FAADDAA4" authority="Kovalev, 1990" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1990" box="[927,1345,1738,1765]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D30F0F964FB7ADAA5" box="[927,1174,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Megarhyphus sophiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37F3F964FAADDAA4" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[1180,1345,1738,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="123 - 177" refId="ref8041" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1990) Dvukryly. Muscida [Dipterans. Muscida]. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), Pozdnemezozoiskie nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykal'ya [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 239, 123 - 177. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1990">Kovalev, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the short petiole of M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D30DAF8AFFC51DB4E" attach="left" box="[949,957,1793,1807]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3761F8AFFBFADB4E" attach="left" box="[1038,1046,1793,1807]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3749F941FB22DB48" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[1062,1230,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="123 - 177" refId="ref8041" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1990) Dvukryly. Muscida [Dipterans. Muscida]. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), Pozdnemezozoiskie nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykal'ya [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 239, 123 - 177. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1990">Kovalev, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37B5F941FA81DB48" author="Zhang, J. F." box="[1242,1389,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="281 - 288" refId="ref10192" refString="Zhang, J. F. (2007) Some anisopodoids (Insecta: Diptera: Anisopodoidea) from the late Mesozoic deposits of northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 28 (2), 281 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.05.008" type="journal article" year="2007">Zhang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The other anisopodoid taxa studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37D6F8BDFA4BDB6C" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." box="[1209,1447,1811,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D367AF8BAFAA5DB6C" box="[1301,1353,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D30F7F896FA4BDB13" authority="Krzeminska et al., 2010" authorityName="Krzeminska" authorityYear="2010" box="[920,1447,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amberae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D30F7F896FB75DB13" box="[920,1177,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Megarhyphus amberae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D37F1F896FA4BDB13" author="Krzeminska, E. & Coram, A. R. & Krzeminski, W." box="[1182,1447,1848,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="693 - 695" refId="ref8147" refString="Krzeminska, E., Coram, A. R. & Krzeminski, W. (2010) A new species of Megarhyphus, an interesting discovery from the Lower Jurassic of England (Diptera, Anisopodidae). Acta Geologica Sinica, English Edition, 84 (4), 693 - 695. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 6724.2010.00231. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Krzemińska
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3645F896FAB6DB13" box="[1322,1370,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have the veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D309DF8C1FC16DB3C" attach="left" box="[1010,1018,1903,1917]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D373FF8C1FBB4DB3C" attach="left" box="[1104,1112,1903,1917]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
leaving d-cell independently.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D3045F82EFB7BDBDA" authority="Zhang, 2007" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2007" box="[810,1175,1920,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rarus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D3045F82EFBEADBDB" box="[810,1030,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Megarhyphus rarus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFF27B0D3764F82EFB7BDBDA" author="Zhang, J. F." box="[1035,1175,1920,1947]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" pagination="281 - 288" refId="ref10192" refString="Zhang, J. F. (2007) Some anisopodoids (Insecta: Diptera: Anisopodoidea) from the late Mesozoic deposits of northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 28 (2), 281 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.05.008" type="journal article" year="2007">Zhang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D378FF83DFB04DBE0" attach="left" box="[1248,1256,1939,1953]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D365BF83DFAD0DBE0" attach="left" box="[1332,1340,1939,1953]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2</subScript>
|
||
emerging at the same point. The three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFF27B0D37E1F80BFA8FDB81" box="[1166,1379,1957,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFF27B0D37E1F80BFACBDBFE" box="[1166,1319,1957,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Megarhyphus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous) share with the new fossil a large d-cell situated in the mid part of wing, but all differ from the new fossil in R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D3759F78BFBD2D472" attach="left" box="[1078,1086,2085,2099]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFF27B0D37E9F78BFB73D472" attach="left" box="[1158,1183,2085,2099]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">2+3</subScript>
|
||
strongly approximating at wing margin, a m-cu shorter than in the new fossil, and a distal part of CuA smoothly undulating,
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0231ECFF6DFD76DC9D" box="[643,666,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">vs</emphasis>
|
||
. strongly curved posteriorly in the new fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023108FF48FCE9DD41" author="Zhang, J. F." box="[615,773,230,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="281 - 288" refId="ref10192" refString="Zhang, J. F. (2007) Some anisopodoids (Insecta: Diptera: Anisopodoidea) from the late Mesozoic deposits of northeast China. Cretaceous Research, 28 (2), 281 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2006.05.008" type="journal article" year="2007">Zhang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7FEA4FE75DD65" author="Krzeminska, E. & Coram, A. R. & Krzeminski, W." box="[136,409,266,293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="693 - 695" refId="ref8147" refString="Krzeminska, E., Coram, A. R. & Krzeminski, W. (2010) A new species of Megarhyphus, an interesting discovery from the Lower Jurassic of England (Diptera, Anisopodidae). Acta Geologica Sinica, English Edition, 84 (4), 693 - 695. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1755 - 6724.2010.00231. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Krzemińska
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023279FEA5FEA4DD65" box="[278,328,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFFD7B0233D2FE81FECCDEB9" blockId="8.[136,778,158,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233D2FE81FD61DD09" author="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S." box="[189,653,302,329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="517 - 543" refId="ref6703" refString="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S. (1994) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38 (3 - 4), 517 - 543." type="journal article" year="1994">De Souza Amorim & Tozoni (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
separated the Olbiogastridae (Olbiogastrinae in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023134FEFCFF2EDDD1" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0231D0FEFDFD10DD2D" box="[703,764,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0232EFFED8FDC6DDD1" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[384,554,374,400]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the character ‘Cell m1 tapering proximally/ cell m1 with an angle proximally’, corresponding to differences in the bases of veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023225FE5BFEBEDE42" attach="left" box="[330,338,501,515]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0232CAFE5BFE41DE42" attach="left" box="[421,429,501,515]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232D2FE4CFD77DDBD" author="Pratt, G. K. & Pratt, H. D." box="[445,667,482,509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="86 - 98" refId="ref8841" refString="Pratt, G. K. & Pratt, H. D. (1980) Notes on Nearctic Sylvicola (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82 (1), 86 - 98." type="journal article" year="1980">Pratt & Pratt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). But this character [‘presence of a short petiole of M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023111FDB7FD6ADE66" attach="left" box="[638,646,537,551]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0231B4FDB7FD0FDE66" attach="left" box="[731,739,537,551]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2</subScript>
|
||
’ & ‘M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0233C5FD93FF5EDE0A" attach="left" box="[170,178,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023268FD93FEE3DE0A" attach="left" box="[263,271,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2</subScript>
|
||
emerging at the same point’ & ‘M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0231CAFD93FD41DE0A" attach="left" box="[677,685,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B02306DFD93FCE6DE0A" attach="left" box="[770,778,573,587]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2</subScript>
|
||
emerging independently’] appears not sufficient to clearly separate the genera, as the situation may vary within the same genus (
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023270FD39FEC7DEF1" box="[287,299,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02325DFD39FEACDEF1" box="[306,320,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023238FD38FE1CDEF1" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1990" box="[343,496,662,688]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023238FD38FE1CDEF1" box="[343,496,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Megarhyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023144FD38FD7EDEF1" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1780" box="[555,658,662,688]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Sylvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023144FD38FD7EDEF1" box="[555,658,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Sylvicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Besides,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7FD14FE82DE95" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." box="[136,366,698,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02338DFD15FEF8DE95" box="[226,276,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not included several key genera in their work.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFFD7B0233D2FCACFE43DA50" blockId="8.[136,778,158,2093]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
As such, we need to search for other arguments to separate the new fossil from the various anisopodid genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233E7FCE5FE28DF25" authority="Blagoderov et al., 1993" authorityName="Blagoderov" authorityYear="1993" box="[136,452,842,869]" class="Insecta" family="Pachyneuridae" genus="Tega" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233E7FCE5FF51DF25" box="[136,189,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Tega</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233ADFCE4FE28DF25" author="Blagoderov, V. A. & Krzeminska, E. & Krzeminski, W." box="[194,452,842,869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="573 - 579" refId="ref6505" refString="Blagoderov, V. A., Krzeminska, E. & Krzeminski, W. (1993) Fossil and recent Anisopodomorpha (Diptera, Oligoneura): family Cramptonomyiidae. Acta Zoologica Cracoviencia, 35 (3), 573 - 579." type="journal article" year="1993">
|
||
Blagoderov
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023225FCE5FE95DF25" box="[330,377,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Teginae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02315FFCE4FCEADF25" author="Lukashevich, E. D." box="[560,774,842,868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="273 - 287" refId="ref8466" refString="Lukashevich, E. D. (2012) New Bibionomorpha (Insecta: Diptera) from the Jurassic of Asia. Paleontological Journal, 46 (3), 273 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112030100" type="journal article" year="2012">Lukashevich, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233E7FCC0FF35DFC9" box="[136,217,878,904]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle</taxonomicName>
|
||
–Late Jurassic) has a very small d-cell, located in basal half of wing, unlike the new fossil.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023114FC3CFEE0DF91" author="Lukashevich, E. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="273 - 287" refId="ref8466" refString="Lukashevich, E. D. (2012) New Bibionomorpha (Insecta: Diptera) from the Jurassic of Asia. Paleontological Journal, 46 (3), 273 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112030100" type="journal article" year="2012">Lukashevich (2012: 281)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated about the Cretaceous genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0231AEFC18FEFBDFB4" authority="Giebel, 1856" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Thiras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0231AEFC18FCE6DF91" box="[705,778,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Thiras</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7FC74FEFBDFB4" author="Giebel, C. G." box="[136,279,986,1013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="1" refId="ref7097" refString="Giebel, C. G. (1856) Die Insekten und Spinnen. In: Geibel, C. G. (Ed.), Fauna der Vorwelt mit steter Berucksichtigung der lebenden Thiere. Brodhaus, F. A., Leipzig, 2 (1), pp. xviii + 50. [In German]" type="book chapter" year="1856">Giebel, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that ‘Since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFFD7B0232AEFC74FDCFDFB5" box="[449,547,986,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02312AFC74FEF1D858" authority="Giebel, 1856" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Thiras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02312AFC74FCE5DFB5" box="[581,777,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Thiras westwoodi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7FC50FEF1D858" author="Giebel, C. G." box="[136,285,1022,1049]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="1" refId="ref7097" refString="Giebel, C. G. (1856) Die Insekten und Spinnen. In: Geibel, C. G. (Ed.), Fauna der Vorwelt mit steter Berucksichtigung der lebenden Thiere. Brodhaus, F. A., Leipzig, 2 (1), pp. xviii + 50. [In German]" type="book chapter" year="1856">Giebel, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not yet been re-examined, it remains unclear whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023222FB8CFE01D87D" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[333,493,1058,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Pachyrhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023222FB8CFE01D87D" box="[333,493,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Pachyrhyphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233E7FBE8FE94D820" authority="Giebel, 1856" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1856" box="[136,376,1094,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Thiras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233E7FBE8FF3DD821" box="[136,209,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Thiras</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233B3FBE8FE94D820" author="Giebel, C. G." box="[220,376,1094,1121]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="1" refId="ref7097" refString="Giebel, C. G. (1856) Die Insekten und Spinnen. In: Geibel, C. G. (Ed.), Fauna der Vorwelt mit steter Berucksichtigung der lebenden Thiere. Brodhaus, F. A., Leipzig, 2 (1), pp. xviii + 50. [In German]" type="book chapter" year="1856">Giebel, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232E4FBE8FDBCD820" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[395,592,1094,1121]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="378 - 396" refId="ref9507" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1854) Contribution to fossil entomology. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 10, 378 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1854.010.01 - 02.43" type="journal article" year="1854">Westwood (1854</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 18, fig. 20) figured the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02321DFBC4FDAED8C5" authorityName="Giebel" authorityYear="1856" box="[370,578,1130,1156]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Thiras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westwoodi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02321DFBC4FE57D8C5" box="[370,443,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Thiras</emphasis>
|
||
westwoodi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it clearly has an opened d-cell. The late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233E7FB1CFE09D88D" authority="Kovalev, 1986" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[136,485,1202,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Pachyrhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233E7FB1CFEC4D88D" box="[136,296,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Pachyrhyphus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023256FB1CFE09D88D" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[313,485,1202,1228]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7984" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraotryady Bibionomorpha i Asilomorpha [Infraorders Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha]. In: Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh zapadnoi Mongolii [Insects in the Early Cretaceous ecosystems of the West Mongolia]. Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, Moscow, 125 - 154. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0231E4FB6BFD7FD892" attach="left" box="[651,659,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B02319FFB6BFCE5D892" attach="left" box="[752,777,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
strongly approximating at wing margin, a closed d-cell and a vein M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B02324AFAA3FEC1D95A" attach="left" box="[293,301,1293,1307]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
emerging from anterior side of this cell, unlike the new fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232EAFAB0FDC2D979" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[389,558,1310,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7984" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraotryady Bibionomorpha i Asilomorpha [Infraorders Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha]. In: Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh zapadnoi Mongolii [Insects in the Early Cretaceous ecosystems of the West Mongolia]. Trudy Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongol'skaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya, Moscow, 125 - 154. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023154FAB0FD9BD979" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[571,631,1310,1336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="123 - 177" refId="ref8041" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1990) Dvukryly. Muscida [Dipterans. Muscida]. In: Rasnitsyn, A. P. (Ed.), Pozdnemezozoiskie nasekomye Vostochnogo Zabaykal'ya [Late Mesozoic insects of Eastern Transbaikalia]. Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moscow, 239, 123 - 177. [In Russian]" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233E7FAECFF2FD9C1" authority=", Eogaster De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994" authorityName="Eogaster De Souza Amorim & Tozoni" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Olbiogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233E7FAECFEE2D91D" box="[136,270,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Olbiogaster</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02324AFAEDFE66D91D" box="[293,394,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Eogaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232F4FAEDFF2FD9C1" author="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="517 - 543" refId="ref6703" refString="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S. (1994) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38 (3 - 4), 517 - 543." type="journal article" year="1994">De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02326BFAC8FE46D9C1" box="[260,426,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Australogaster</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232DAFAC9FF2CD9E5" author="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="517 - 543" refId="ref6703" refString="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S. (1994) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38 (3 - 4), 517 - 543." type="journal article" year="1994">De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have the veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0232E6FA33FE7DD9EA" attach="left" box="[393,401,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0232B0FA33FE14D9EA" attach="left" box="[479,504,1437,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
strongly approximating at wing margin, unlike the new fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02313BFA00FCE9D988" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[596,773,1454,1481]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="502 - 505" refId="ref6939" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1915) Three new species of the dipterous genus Olbiogaster, O. - S., in the British Museum Collection. Journal of Natural History, 16 (96), 502 - 505. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931508693745" type="journal article" year="1915">Edwards, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7FA7CFEC7D9AD" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[136,299,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="502 - 505" refId="ref9334" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. (1923) Notes on Australasian Rhyphidae. Annals & Magazine of Natural History, 12 (9), 502 - 505. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932308632966" type="journal article" year="1923">Tonnoir, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023255FA7CFE23D9AD" author="Okada, I." box="[314,463,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="221 - 238" refId="ref8774" refString="Okada, I. (1938) Die Phryneiden und Pachyneuriden Japans (Diptera, Nematocera). Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, Sapporo, 42, 221 - 238. [In German]" type="journal article" year="1938">Okada, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232B2FA7CFD9AD9AD" author="Tozoni, S. H. S." box="[477,630,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="119 - 142" refId="ref9374" refString="Tozoni, S. H. S. (1993) Revision of genus Olbiogaster Osten-Sacken (Diptera: Anisopodoidea: Olbiogastridae). I. Description of 13 new species, taxonomical notes, and keys to the Neotropical species. Revista Nordestina de Biologia, 8, 119 - 142." type="journal article" year="1993">Tozoni, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0231EAFA7CFE4EDA50" author="Grimaldi, D. A. & De Souza Amorim, D." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="561 - 568" refId="ref7158" refString="Grimaldi, D. A. & De Souza Amorim, D. (1995) A basal new species of Olbiogaster (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in Dominican amber, and its systematic placement. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97 (3), 561 - 568." type="journal article" year="1995">Grimaldi & De Souza Amorim, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFFD7B0233D2F9B4FBBCDE2D" blockId="8.[136,778,158,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[810,1452,158,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
The Jurassic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02320CF9B4FD38DA75" authority="Handlirsch, 1920" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1920" box="[355,724,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Mesorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02320CF9B4FE15DA75" box="[355,505,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Mesorhyphus</emphasis>
|
||
Handlirsch, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the apex of Sc situated at level (or nearly so) of base of R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0233F4F9DBFF58DAC2" attach="left" box="[155,180,1653,1667]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, while it is much longer in the new fossil, and its R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0233F4F937FF58DAE6" attach="left" box="[155,180,1689,1703]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
is much shorter than in the new fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0231C6F928FE6ADA84" author="Ansorge, J. & Krzeminski, W." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="167 - 172" refId="ref6339" refString="Ansorge, J. & Krzeminski, W. (1995) Revision of Mesorhyphus Handlirsch, Eoplecia Handlirsch and Heterorhyphus Bode from the Upper Liassic of Germany. Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 69 (1 - 2), 167 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02985982" type="journal article" year="1995">Ansorge & Krzemiński, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232F2F904FD6EDA85" author="Lukashevich, E. D." box="[413,642,1706,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="273 - 287" refId="ref8466" refString="Lukashevich, E. D. (2012) New Bibionomorpha (Insecta: Diptera) from the Jurassic of Asia. Paleontological Journal, 46 (3), 273 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030112030100" type="journal article" year="2012">Lukashevich, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0231F0F904FE9CDAA9" authority="Kania et al., 2019" authorityName="Kania" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Cretolbia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0231F0F904FCE5DA85" box="[671,777,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Cretolbia</emphasis>
|
||
Kania
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233B2F961FEF4DAA9" box="[221,280,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mid-Cretaceous) and the extant genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0233BCF95DFE0FDB4D" authority="Correa, 1947" authorityName="Correa" authorityYear="1947" box="[211,483,1778,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Carreraia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233BCF95DFEA8DB4C" box="[211,324,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Carreraia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023221F95CFE0FDB4D" author="Correa, R. R." box="[334,483,1778,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref6650" refString="Correa, R. R. (1947) Sobre alguns anisopodidas da America do Sul descricao de Carreraia, n. gen. (Dipt. Anisopodidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 8 (8), 97 - 107. [In Portuguese]" type="journal article" year="1947">Corrêa, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also the apex of Sc situated at the level of base of R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023297F887FDFDDB76" attach="left" box="[504,529,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02314EF8B8FD56DB71" author="Correa, R. R." box="[545,698,1814,1840]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="97 - 107" refId="ref6650" refString="Correa, R. R. (1947) Sobre alguns anisopodidas da America do Sul descricao de Carreraia, n. gen. (Dipt. Anisopodidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 8 (8), 97 - 107. [In Portuguese]" type="journal article" year="1947">Corrêa, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E7F894FE87DB14" author="Kania, I. & Wojton, M. & Lukashevich, E. & Stanek-Tarkowska, J. & Wang, B. & Krzeminski, W." box="[136,363,1850,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="190 - 206" refId="ref7743" refString="Kania, I., Wojton, M., Lukashevich, E., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., Wang, B. & Krzeminski, W. (2019 b) Anisopodidae (Insecta: Diptera) From Upper Cretaceous amber of Northern Myanmar. Cretaceous Research, 94, 190 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2018.10.013" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Kania
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0233BAF895FEE5DB15" box="[213,265,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2019b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0232EFF894FE0BDB15" authorityName="Harris" authorityYear="1780" box="[384,487,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Sylvicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0232EFF894FE0BDB15" box="[384,487,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Sylvicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cenozoic to extant) has the vein R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B02326AF8DFFEF2DB3E" attach="left" box="[261,286,1905,1919]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
strongly sigmoidal, unlike the new fossil (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0233E0F82CFE33DBDD" author="Krivosheina, N. P. & Menzel, F." box="[143,479,1922,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="201 - 217" refId="ref8104" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. & Menzel, F. (1998) The Palaearctic species of the genus Sylvicola Harris, 1776 (Diptera, Anisopodidae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 48 (1), 201 - 217." type="journal article" year="1998">Krivosheina & Menzel, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023284F82CFD27DBDD" author="Wojton, M. & Kania, I. & Kopec, K." box="[491,715,1922,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="849 - 866" refId="ref9552" refString="Wojton, M., Kania, I. & Kopec, K. (2018) Sylvicola Harris, 1780 (Diptera: Anisopodidae) in the Eocene resins. Annales Zoologici, 68 (4), 849 - 866. https: // doi. org / 10.3161 / 00034541 ANZ 2018.68.4.009" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Wojtoń
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02312AF82DFD94DBDD" box="[581,632,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species of the (sub-)genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0232D2F809FD27DB81" authority="Meigen, 1803" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[445,715,1958,1985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Anisopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0232D2F809FDC8DB80" box="[445,548,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Anisopus</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen, 1803
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023265F873FEFEDBAA" attach="left" box="[266,274,2013,2027]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023230F873FE8BDBAA" attach="left" box="[351,359,2013,2027]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2</subScript>
|
||
leaving d-cell independently or at the same point (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02327EF840FE72D448" author="Fuller, M. E." box="[273,414,2030,2057]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="291 - 302" refId="ref7064" refString="Fuller, M. E. (1935) Notes on Australasian Anisopodidae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 60, 291 - 302." type="journal article" year="1935">Fuller, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0232C5F841FD25D448" author="Lane, J. & d'Andretta, C." box="[426,713,2030,2057]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="497 - 528" refId="ref8309" refString="Lane, J. & d'Andretta, C. (1958) NeotropicalAnisopodidae (Diptera: Nematocera). Studia Entomologica, 1 (3 - 4), 497 - 528." type="journal article" year="1958">Lane & d’Andretta, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0231BAF841FEC0D46D" author="Pratt, G. K. & Pratt, H. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="86 - 98" refId="ref8841" refString="Pratt, G. K. & Pratt, H. D. (1980) Notes on Nearctic Sylvicola (Diptera: Anisopodidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 82 (1), 86 - 98." type="journal article" year="1980">Pratt & Pratt, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023216F7BCFDC2D46D" authority="Jurassic" authorityName="Jurassic" box="[377,558,2066,2092]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle Jurassic</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0231E9F7BCFC42DCF9" authority="Hong, 1983" authorityName="Hong" authorityYear="1983" box="[646,942,158,2092]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Leptoplecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0231E9F7BCFCE6D46D" box="[646,778,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Leptoplecia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023045FF31FC42DCF9" author="Hong, Y. C." box="[810,942,158,185]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on an incomplete specimen with the wing venation poorly preserved (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0237DDFF6DFAAEDC9C" author="Hong, Y. C." box="[1202,1346,195,221]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 113, pl. 27, fig. 4), hardly comparable with the new fossil. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02300BFEA5FBF1DD64" authority="Jurassic" authorityName="Jurassic" box="[868,1053,267,293]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle Jurassic</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0237E9FEA5FC8EDD08" authority="Evenhuis, 1994" authorityName="Evenhuis" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Jurolaemargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0237E9FEA5FAC1DD64" box="[1158,1325,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Jurolaemargus</emphasis>
|
||
Evenhuis, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D9D3F1FFFD7B02301CFE81FC49DD08" box="[883,933,303,329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023767FE81FC87DD2F" authority="(Hong, 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Hong" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Jurolaemargus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yujiagouensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023767FE81FABFDD08" box="[1032,1363,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Jurolaemargus yujiagouensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02360AFE81FC8FDD2F" author="Hong, Y. C." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0230F0FEFDFAFADD2F" authority="Hong & Wang, 1990" authorityName="Hong & Wang" authorityYear="1990" box="[927,1302,339,366]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Gansuplecia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0230F0FEFDFBC1DD2C" box="[927,1069,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Gansuplecia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B02375DFEFAFAFADD2F" author="Hong, Y. C. & Wang, W. L." box="[1074,1302,340,366]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="44 - 189" refId="ref7447" refString="Hong, Y. C. & Wang, W. L. (1990) Fossil insects from the Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province. In: The stratigraphy and palaeontology of Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province (Ed.), Regional Geological Surveying Team, Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 44 - 189. [In Chinese with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1990">Hong & Wang, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are supposed to have a forked R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023091FE24FBF4DDD9" attach="left" box="[1022,1048,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and an opened d-cell (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023672FED6FA44DDD3" author="Hong, Y. C." box="[1309,1448,376,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refId="ref7306" refString="Hong, Y. C. (1983) Middle Jurassic fossil insects in North China. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, 223 pp. [In Chinese with English summary] https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11430 - 017 - 9268 - 7" type="book" year="1983">Hong, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 112;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0230A5FE33FB2EDDF7" author="Hong, Y. C. & Wang, W. L." box="[970,1218,412,439]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="44 - 189" refId="ref7447" refString="Hong, Y. C. & Wang, W. L. (1990) Fossil insects from the Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province. In: The stratigraphy and palaeontology of Laiyang Basin, Shandong Province (Ed.), Regional Geological Surveying Team, Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, pp. 44 - 189. [In Chinese with English summary]" type="book chapter" year="1990">Hong & Wang, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-figs 140–141). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023032FE6EFB47DD9A" authority="Kovalev, 1985" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1985" box="[861,1195,448,475]" class="Insecta" family="Siberhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Siberhyphidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023768FE6EFB47DD9A" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[1031,1195,448,475]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="113 - 187" refId="ref7918" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Infraorder Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (Eds), Dvukrylye yury Sibiri [Insecta Diptera of the Jurassic in Siberia]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Moskovskpe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, 113 - 187. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1985">Kovalev, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0237D3FE6EFC65DDBE" authority="Kovalev" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Siberhyphidae" genus="Siberhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lebedevi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0237D3FE6EFA47DD9B" box="[1212,1451,448,474]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Siberhyphus lebedevi</emphasis>
|
||
Kovalev
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0230FEFE4BFC4BDDBF" box="[913,935,485,510]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">in</emphasis>
|
||
Kalugina &
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023753FE4BFB08DDBE" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[1084,1252,484,511]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="113 - 187" refId="ref7918" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Infraorder Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (Eds), Dvukrylye yury Sibiri [Insecta Diptera of the Jurassic in Siberia]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Moskovskpe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, 113 - 187. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1985">Kovalev, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02379FFE4BFA4FDE41" authority="Jurassic" authorityName="Jurassic" box="[1264,1443,485,512]" class="Mammalia" family="Suidae" genus="Middle" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Middle Jurassic</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have no R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B0230CAFDB5FC52DE68" attach="left" box="[933,958,539,553]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">2+3</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B0230BDFDA7FB93DE65" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[978,1151,521,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="113 - 187" refId="ref7918" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1985) Infraorder Bibionomorpha and Asilomorpha. In: Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. (Eds), Dvukrylye yury Sibiri [Insecta Diptera of the Jurassic in Siberia]. Akademiya nauk SSSR, Paleontologicheskii Institut, Moskovskpe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, 113 - 187. [In Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1985">Kovalev, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: text-fig. 65).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023643FDA7FC2BDE09" authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Lobogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023643FDA7FA40DE62" box="[1324,1452,521,547]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Lobogaster</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi, 1865
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a sinuous and shortened R
|
||
<subScript id="17E66F16FFFD7B023677FDEEFADEDE0F" attach="left" box="[1304,1330,576,590]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">4+5</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF310A2FFFD7B023650FD83FBAFDE2D" author="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S." pageId="8" pageNumber="191" pagination="517 - 543" refId="ref6703" refString="De Souza Amorim, D. & Tozoni, S. H. S. (1994) Phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the Anisopodoidea (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), with an area cladogram for intercontinental relationships. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 38 (3 - 4), 517 - 543." type="journal article" year="1994">De Souza Amorim & Tozoni, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFFD7B023030FDD8FAE3DF60" blockId="8.[810,1452,158,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
In conclusion, the new fossil does not fit in any of the described genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02377FFD34FB51DEF5" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[1040,1213,666,692]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Its most remarkable characters are ‘CuA strongly curved posteriorly’ and ‘crossvein cua-m very long and curved’, allowing to separate it from all the anisopodoid genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD6D53FFFD7B023030FC85FC51D900" blockId="8.[810,1452,158,1345]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
The discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023753FC85FC9BDF2B" authority="Nel & Huang" authorityName="Nel & Huang" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Liassorhyphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liassicus" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023753FC85FAA2DF04" box="[1084,1358,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Liassorhyphus liassicus</emphasis>
|
||
Nel & Huang
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0230E7FCFEFBA5DF2B" bold="true" box="[904,1097,848,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2250C3AFFFD7B0230E7FCFEFBA5DF2B" box="[904,1097,848,874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
confirms the diversity of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023045FCDAFC38DFCF" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[810,980,884,910]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Anisopodoidea">Anisopodoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Liassic. Together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02367DFCDAFC60DFF3" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" genus="Megarhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amberae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02367DFCDAFC60DFF3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Megarhyphus amberae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Liassic of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFFD7B02371BFC37FB70DFF2" box="[1140,1180,921,947]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
(196.5–189.6 Ma), it is the second earliest Jurassic record of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023666FC12FA4BDF97" authorityName="Knab" authorityYear="1912" box="[1289,1447,956,982]" class="Insecta" family="Anisopodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anisopodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the other Liassic representatives of the superfamily belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0230B9FBABFB6FD85E" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[982,1155,1029,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protorhyphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0237F5FBABFC50D805" authority="Bode, 1953" authorityName="Bode" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Protorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0237F5FBABFA47D85E" box="[1178,1451,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Protorhyphus ovisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
Bode, 1953
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0230BBFB87FA4AD802" authority="(Geinitz, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Geinitz" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[980,1446,1065,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Protorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0230BBFB87FB3BD802" box="[980,1239,1065,1091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Protorhyphus simplex</emphasis>
|
||
(Geinitz, 1888)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023045FBE3FAE7D826" authority="Handlirsch, 1920" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1920" box="[810,1291,1101,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Protorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stigmaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023045FBE3FBAAD826" box="[810,1094,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Protorhyphus stigmaticus</emphasis>
|
||
Handlirsch, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B02367CFBE3FB61D8CA" authority="Rohdendorf, 1964" authorityName="Rohdendorf" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Protorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B02367CFBE3FC78D8CA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Protorhyphus turanicus</emphasis>
|
||
Rohdendorf, 1964
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B0237C6FBDCFC07D8F1" authority="Handlirsch, 1939" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Archirhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geinitzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B0237C6FBDCFA47D8CA" box="[1193,1451,1138,1164]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Archirhyphus geinitzi</emphasis>
|
||
Handlirsch, 1939
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6216D0FFFD7B023770FB38FA4CD8F1" authority="Martin, 2008" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="2008" box="[1055,1440,1174,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Protorhyphidae" genus="Austrorhyphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916B141FFFD7B023770FB38FAEBD8F1" box="[1055,1287,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Austrorhyphus moryi</emphasis>
|
||
Martin, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The whole group had been already widely distributed at that time (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3752DC3FFFD7B0230C9FB70FBFDD8B9" box="[934,1041,1246,1272]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Europe, Central Asia), suggesting even it had a higher diversity than what is known after its fossil record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |