200 lines
22 KiB
XML
200 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="585567E46ED54D2B67773AD5C1260717" ID-CLB-Dataset="45800" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0614c34-e456-4231-a5c0-281479168dac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252134" ID-ZooBank="77AB3EAA-DA13-4C8D-885D-EB9F5F14DE34" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460418923756" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L. & Foltz, David W." docDate="2014" docId="039F453C955C8728FF0BF919FEA7FD77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03795p372.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3795 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culcitopsis Verrill 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="FFA63D4495568723FF9CFFD9FFA3FF87" masterDocTitle="New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="327" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1698329523474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9F69E8ED5D8F5AFCF57C96330033681F">New taxa and taxonomic revisions to the Poraniidae (Valvatacea; Asteroidea) with Comments on Feeding Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="CE57E8C04B33B5C938D1E9DFD9803D34">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CAC9913305DFDCEE34A5499B6C44D412">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039F453C955C8728FF0BF919FEA7FD77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6133831" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119426357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6133831" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F453C955C8728FF0BF919FEA7FD77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F453C955C8728FF0BF919FEA7FD77" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955C8729FF0BF919FE6BF95C" box="[151,456,1728,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF0BF919FE6BF95C" blockId="10.[151,456,1728,1755]" box="[151,456,1728,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<heading id="D0C14346955C8729FF0BF919FE6BF95C" bold="true" box="[151,456,1728,1755]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FF0BF919FE6BF95C" ID-CoL="7NTZC" authority="Verrill 1914" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,456,1728,1755]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF919FE6BF95C" bold="true" box="[151,456,1728,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF919FEBFF95D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FEB8F918FE6BF95C" author="Verrill" box="[292,456,1729,1755]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914 b) Revision of some genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of a few new genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 14 (79), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693536" type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Verrill 1914b</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955C8729FF0BF8DEFD4FF8FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF0BF8DEFD24F89A" blockId="10.[151,950,1799,1913]" box="[151,647,1799,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955C8729FF0BF8DEFD24F89A" box="[151,647,1799,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FF0BF8DEFE1CF89A" ID-CoL="7NTZC" authority="Verrill 1914b: 21" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,447,1799,1821]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF8DEFEAAF89A" box="[151,265,1799,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955C8729FE93F8DEFE1CF89A" author="Verrill" box="[271,447,1799,1821]" page="21" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FE93F8DEFE3AF89A" author="Verrill" box="[271,409,1799,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1914 b) Revision of some genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of a few new genera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 14 (79), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931408693536" type="journal article" year="1914" yearSuffix="b">Verrill 1914b</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955C8729FE55F8DEFD24F89A" author="Koehler" box="[457,647,1799,1821]" page="160" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" year="1924">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FE55F8DEFDF4F89A" author="Koehler" box="[457,599,1799,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Koehler, R. (1924) Les Echinodermes des Mers d'Europe. Vol 1. Generalites, Asterides, Ophiurides. Librarie Octave Doin, Paris, xii + 360 pp." type="book" year="1924">Koehler 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 160
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF0BF8FFFD4FF8FE" blockId="10.[151,950,1799,1913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26D304955C8729FF0BF8FFFD4FF8FE" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FF0BF8FFFE1BF8BB" ID-CoL="8KYYL" authority="Dons 1938: 161" authorityName="Dons" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1938" box="[151,440,1830,1852]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF8FFFEB2F8BB" box="[151,273,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Sphaeraster</emphasis>
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Dons 1938: 161
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</taxonomicName>
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–163 [
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<typeStatus id="548D4A88955C8729FE64F8FEFD8EF8BB" box="[504,557,1831,1852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FD1FF8FEFCC3F8BB" authority="Dons 1938" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1938" box="[643,864,1830,1852]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berthae">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FD1FF8FEFD4AF8BB" box="[643,745,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">S. berthae</emphasis>
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Dons 1938
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FF0BF89DFE33F8DD" authority="Dons 1939" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1939" box="[151,400,1860,1882]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Sphaeriaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF89DFEBAF8DD" box="[151,281,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Sphaeriaster</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FE82F89CFE33F8DD" author="Dons" box="[286,400,1860,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Dons, C. (1939) Zoologiske Notizen. 37. Die Asteriden Gattung Sphaeriaster, nomen novum, Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Foerhandlinger, 11, 37." type="journal article" year="1939">Dons 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: [Nom. nov. for
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FDABF89DFC8BF8DD" authority="Dons 1938" authorityName="Dons" authorityYear="1938" box="[567,808,1860,1882]" class="Asteroidea" family="Sphaerasteridae" genus="Sphaeraster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FDABF89DFD12F8DD" box="[567,689,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Sphaeraster</emphasis>
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Dons 1938
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</taxonomicName>
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, preoccupied]
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FF0BF8BAFD38F8FE" authority="A.M. Clark 1984: 33" authorityName="A.M. Clark" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,667,1891,1913]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Culcitopsis">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF8BAFE61F8FE" box="[151,450,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Poraniomorpha (Culcitopsis)</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A97D23B955C8729FE54F8BDFD38F8FE" author="Clark" box="[456,667,1891,1913]" page="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" year="1984">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FE54F8BDFDDBF8FE" author="Clark" box="[456,632,1891,1913]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 33
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–41 (pt)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955C8729FF0BF87FFCC6F838" box="[151,869,1958,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8729FF0BF87FFCC6F838" blockId="10.[151,1436,1958,2019]" box="[151,869,1958,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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||
<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF0BF87FFE97F838" bold="true" box="[151,308,1958,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<typeStatus id="548D4A88955C8729FF0BF87FFF71F838" box="[151,210,1958,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955C8729FEA7F87FFCC6F838" authority="Sussbach & Breckner 1911" authorityName="Sussbach & Breckner" authorityYear="1911" box="[315,869,1958,1983]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FEA7F87FFDB8F838" box="[315,539,1958,1983]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Culcitopsis borealis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955C8729FDB5F87FFCFEF838" author="Sussbach" box="[553,861,1958,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" refString="Sussbach, S. & Breckner, A. (1911) Die Seeigel, Seesterne und Schlangensterne der Nord - und Ostee. Wissenschaftliche Meereesuntersuchungen Kiel, 12, 167 - 300." type="journal article" year="1911">Süssbach & Breckner 1911</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32CA7A1955C8728FF5BF813FEA7FD77" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="10" pageNumber="337" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955C8728FF5BF813FCCFFE9B" blockId="10.[151,1436,1958,2019]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955C8729FF5BF813FEE2F864" bold="true" box="[199,321,1994,2019]" pageId="10" pageNumber="337">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body weakly stellate in shape (R/r=1.89), body-wall swollen, cushion-like. Abactinal plates forming vestigal reticulate skeleton in larger individuals (R>4.0 cm). Spinlets vestigal or absent. Marginal plates aborted, obscured in thickened skin, marginal border obscured by skin. Actinal surface covered by skin, fasciolar grooves weakly developed. Furrow spines one or two, with one to three subambulacral spines, each sheathed in skin. This diagnostic based in part on
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FDA3FEDDFCCBFE9B" author="Clark" box="[575,872,260,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark and Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF5BFEFEFBE7FEE3" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
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||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF5BFEFEFE34FEC7" bold="true" box="[199,407,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Taxonomic notes.</emphasis>
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Study of USNM
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<accessionNumber id="946569C9955D8728FDC1FEFEFD16FEC7" box="[605,693,295,320]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E30691" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" type="EnaNcbi">E30691</accessionNumber>
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and assessment of characters outlined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FB12FEF1FAC2FEC7" author="Clark" box="[1166,1377,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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does little to lend character support for
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<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FD89FE95FD30FEE2" box="[533,659,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culctiopsis</emphasis>
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as a subgenus within
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FC16FE95FB9EFEE2" box="[906,1085,332,357]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FC16FE95FB9EFEE2" box="[906,1085,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF5BFEB6FD36FD90" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF5BFEB6FEE6FE0F" box="[199,325,367,392]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF5BFEB6FEE6FE0F" box="[199,325,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lacks the fine layer of spination on the surface layer, has a strongly developed layer of tissue over the abactinal, marginal an actinal surfaces, and differs in the arrangement and number of adambulacral spines.
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFE6EFEE9FE57" box="[151,330,439,464]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFE6EFEE9FE57" box="[151,330,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has more distinctive and more strongly developed imbricate abactinal, marginal, and actinal plates with weakly developed skin relative to
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<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FD10FE05FCA9FE72" box="[652,778,476,501]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FD10FE05FCA9FE72" box="[652,778,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Papulae occur widely over the abactinal surface in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FF0BFE26FEE9FD9F" box="[151,330,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FF0BFE26FEE9FD9F" box="[151,330,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but are absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FD8CFE26FD2DFD9F" box="[528,654,511,536]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FD8CFE26FD2DFD9F" box="[528,654,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B89F42A955D8728FF5BFDFDFEA7FD77" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Study of
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946569C9955D8728FEAAFDFDFE2EFDBA" box="[310,397,548,573]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E30691" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" type="EnaNcbi">E30691</accessionNumber>
|
||
also leads to agreement with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FD6AFDFDFC72FDBB" author="Clark" box="[758,977,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Clark, A. M. (1984) Notes on Atlantic and other Asteroidea. 4. Families Poraniidae and Asteropseidae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology), 47 (1), 19 - 51." type="journal article" year="1984">A.M. Clark (1984)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA789DB955D8728FB8CFDFDFA92FDBB" author="Clark" box="[1040,1329,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" refString="Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 820 pp." type="book" year="1992">Clark & Downey (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to reject synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FEDEFD9EFD89FDE7" box="[322,554,583,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FEDEFD9EFD89FDE7" box="[322,554,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Culcitopsis borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FDE6FD9EFC33FDE7" box="[634,912,583,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FDE6FD9EFC33FDE7" box="[634,912,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha hispida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comparisons of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FBF3FD91FB50FDE7" box="[1135,1267,583,608]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FBF3FD91FB50FDE7" box="[1135,1267,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(R=3.6) with comparably sized
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FEF9FDB4FE71FD02" box="[357,466,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">P. hi spida</emphasis>
|
||
(R=3.0) show no morphological similarity.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FC56FDB5FB7BFD02" box="[970,1240,620,645]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Poraniomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hispida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FC56FDB5FB7BFD02" box="[970,1240,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">Poraniomorpha hispida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows an almost fenestrate abactinal surface with blocky marginal plates whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C368FA9955D8728FC13FD49FBACFD2F" box="[911,1039,655,680]" class="Asteroidea" family="Poraniidae" genus="Culcitopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="338" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9422838955D8728FC13FD49FBACFD2F" box="[911,1039,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="338">C. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a strongly developed skin, which covers or envelops the abactinal and marginal surface. No well-developed marginal or abactinal plates were observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |