555 lines
59 KiB
XML
555 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="281330" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9a13d7c7-6048-46bd-a685-2d3cedfdde64" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-317" ID-Pensoft-UUID="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" ID-ZooBank="2D3CA9C524E24EF484BF174362F70EBC" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-317" checkinTime="1702117233076" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arteaga, Alejandro & Harris, Kyle J." docDate="2023" docId="61C9476415E65F1D9C3B7EDADC1BEF96" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 317-334" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-12-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476" docTitle="Ninia guytudori Arteaga & Harris 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6A72861B-F4CF-465E-B73C-E11790A65DE8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" lastPageNumber="317" masterDocId="73FC5B652BFB5F618B4CC37B2E32EE5D" masterDocTitle="A new species of Ninia (Serpentes, Colubridae) from western Ecuador and revalidation of N. schmidti" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="317" pageNumber="317" updateTime="1732790119595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="FE3B2D4765CE6A8DF668B792AFD860A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5958110F4892D6A2011DD0F734327C6E">
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<mods:title id="778561C560F4D6FE42057DD61E66EB42">A new species of Ninia (Serpentes, Colubridae) from western Ecuador and revalidation of N. schmidti</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="007139418E851DCA6DE9A58002161D99" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="93B473C58014E485D69B2CF7211866E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8E70D8D1765A01FB77B172147A3EDA0">Arteaga, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2F6179E9831741FEB4F42694FFC3EA9E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-3728</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="7E6AFB8394D2061FF296A3B2FA932ABE">Khamai Foundation, Quito, Ecuador & Tropical Herping S. A., Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44D7D5A0BE62122AFA8A879A7CC9FAE7" type="email">af.arteaga.navarro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="B9B7245BB5CB3FA00BDBC2394252AFE4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CC8750C99E3FCF5772F8B2131D5DD6A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FC4B42C5F966C9720058BE49542E0D70">Harris, Kyle J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8804236C298DA38D287211F030A8F52">Department of Biology, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="700BE077559F0314BA463104A19C8716">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3AA343D5E12B771B37BE2D88532F5C83">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FC5CC81488022D4378AECFFD346F2AAB">
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<mods:date id="788D4A5CBD8D9A11C5C22399B117C2E7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6A08B76853D326D6676EAC483116D5DE">2023-12-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="87F0487C60C969A30BFCA27E22FB75E5">7</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="B0303D66AAD0F386DBEDED568638A10C" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="73CE7A62A6CC9F29C5089DB7E928E710">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="89587192C05830D302BE5A6064751AC2">317</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="7B5C189BE6BB7F7C845A2647B1688D0E">334</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="BAF89345CED10844BC9CE902B9EE74EC">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="4D77BB442CB2B05425949819F5D8460A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C8F26D658880327CF66C33390DB77312" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.112476</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="61C9476415E65F1D9C3B7EDADC1BEF96" ID-GBIF-Taxon="219624180" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6A72861B-F4CF-465E-B73C-E11790A65DE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/61C9476415E65F1D9C3B7EDADC1BEF96" lastPageNumber="317" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" scope_family="Colubridae">
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<subSubSection id="99B2897CAFAD9CD83FDED42D9A6E439E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C60F310667987CCF747DA11AFAB107C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<taxonomicName id="8D0CE4EDC77CFBBFBDB00D50F09C7940" LSID="https://zoobank.org/6A72861B-F4CF-465E-B73C-E11790A65DE8" authority="Arteaga & Harris, 2023" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori" status="sp. nov.">Ninia guytudori</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2A985DF08BA3AF69A6B390A12178F39B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AE5CD18652C5E4ADDA57E9E279C1FAD5" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A101EE22507C529FEE4BC20ACC5BC5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<figureCitation id="486607C232BB5722A95C9ED1C3458C10" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female holotype of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948885" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E0BAB71AB7909244BEDF79AC80200539" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 4a</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="22EA2DEB38922024091DCFB2B43C2AC8" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 5a-d</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="16D1D6E4D9FFD99E4AFBE0DB95773B6B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of some specimens of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. in life: (a) from Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura province; (b) from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948888" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E3565B43BB68F254DFD88B1931ACD59E" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral views of some specimens of Ninia from western Ecuador in life: (a) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) Ninia guytudori sp. nov. from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948889" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">, 7b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08E7C96D2AED8640FEC84EE2FB59B126" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="BA81A6BED0BB890377C8E6E1BD01ACB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3D571B94097B1961FA9A4114AA81B631" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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JMG 1327 (Figs
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<figureCitation id="608278F311916573743F7BBD26EDA27E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female holotype of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948885" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2F3E2F50366B7E88F55DA4DA5CBB1F97" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">4a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F9A7EE56FE2BB5C7E0EF5F18F5458A72" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5a-b</figureCitation>
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), adult female collected by Alejandro Arteaga on July 27, 2017 at road to Mindo, Pichincha province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate id="F8D4C3A87A774ACAB408265FB1FD1E81" degrees="0.02825" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.02825">-0.02825</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E9110CD5F92BE9F542997260D8B2494F" degrees="78.76189" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-78.76189">-78.76189</geoCoordinate>
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; 1676 m).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="276803353D8307516B5DA83AD385085B" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948885" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="5DB68F45FE301150F4D78AF4388D6F56" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="FE9056D202502B4895B13CCD2643623D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Female holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="EB16414D0C52DCE6E907147D0CD43318" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
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<emphasis id="7B2F1F40A8F94967C421D26080BA693C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. JMG 1327 in (
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<emphasis id="B754136E55D859F3045A6A2EE02CC056" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
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) dorsal and (
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<emphasis id="F3B28C4D74461241E99722488E9AE802" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
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) ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="69A58F75B2517CC1BC5F8E5E22E5FEC7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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||
<paragraph id="734B76C3D29564971BB3EEBAB3DE29DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="DEE15CF79183C429BB207A955B897DCF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Lateral views of the head in two species of
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<taxonomicName id="605585B2DDF27943C00F23E5279452BB" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FB28DE4BE3C5545B5DE31A2DCE11BDA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis id="4ADA0D6C3301D450E4A2E121DC8E10D9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="F488DFD6A383781351D8AF7572157FBD" lsidName="N. guytudori" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
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<emphasis id="B037DDA1A31B2E005E192C9D0E8E73CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. guytudori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. JMG 1327; (
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<emphasis id="D45F61909754B9B23A74045281545EBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="612F42AE01E8E56743645BE94E956785" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="DDA9D5EF88AEA0CE402FA5787586E5C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. TH 503.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="54B705CF4B3E716A2F4D9CE0F87B1D99" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph id="1C42D04028178AF19A56B65055BB83AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<emphasis id="249F046178660DB6FAC817E25F432005" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of
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<taxonomicName id="EE7F2964290319D48E21A4A11C46F698" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8E447326DA4DBE0F8F13F7208425C03C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: (
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<emphasis id="DA22D94951CC99957B14F0A25E88E62F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a, b</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="3005DA2013C929C6AB769C46297F9721" lsidName="N. guytudori" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
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<emphasis id="CF1F0EF12C557F33870E8666237226D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. guytudori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. JMG 1327; (
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<emphasis id="F78193C1C9238218EC0EE9B444214953" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">c, d</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="CBEF6FB774DD22E6DD88312BF485FA12" lsidName="N. guytudori" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
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<emphasis id="AECE7632A33676376CC3EA40F28D5FAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. guytudori</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. SC 005; (
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<emphasis id="F505FA2712FA38D2847C95A78C711B9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">e, f</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="076C75462052057092A73AB54FC0937B" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="B18BAC82CC0A0EB3C38F8BE47AF97AF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. SC 095; (
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<emphasis id="F7494C8535A1B2168DBA617FF7103361" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">g, h</emphasis>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="997BAF8E5D2BCED837E18406FFEA12D9" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
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<emphasis id="97D0627E99306A6271F49484BAF0D66A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. SCA 1374.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="32375F90E0854F25A26CE72B1293260E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="paratopotype">
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<paragraph id="B9CE8D992958C2D24B966EC87A090395" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Paratopotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B6BB50CA13B35D5F9E41ED142C8118C" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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SC 005 (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9297A2D2A131F3A85434260565E197BC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5c, d</figureCitation>
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), juvenile male with the same data as the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C133391C0A4F465CC7DE9D0058C48674" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="proposed standard english name">
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<paragraph id="83578F21FD4EA5B69AD80B451BB70D7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Proposed standard English name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E960C1BF097C286273C2320949784F81" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
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<normalizedToken id="B36CBEA12C47BA572DACD881F13E4BFB" originalValue="Tudors’s">Tudors's</normalizedToken>
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Coffee-Snake.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EF0D6BCA9670A76FA2746EAA7809420A" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="proposed standard spanish name">
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<paragraph id="47B8051E8F2A266388A693117205D0BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Proposed standard Spanish name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C11777C5C08B3C9AFFC8E663AEE5E868" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Culebra cafetera de Tudor.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AF1812CAF04F6EC97E321CC4F828252C" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CCA2A27D6CF6A1C20B31790758447CA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE77DE45BA3C11EDC69FF79847C863CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6B4B3C35D68BDF88EC0068D62C71C7C" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E6D8C54091B8502E61055F78C1D9E91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F77C95C7AA41DF0BFD509BA87665D731" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AACD75679BF88BC8E1F347A714E7CA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as diagnosed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F3D95110ACE96ED6404F8829191E0AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" author="Dunn, ER" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="9 - 12" refId="B24" refString="Dunn, ER, 1935. The snakes of the genus Ninia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 21: 9 - 12, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" title="The snakes of the genus Ninia." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21.1.9" volume="21" year="1935">Dunn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on phylogenetic evidence (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="61B71EA77D1ACAC575605DBA85992AAC" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships within Ninia inferred using a Bayesian inference and derived from analysis of DNA gene fragments 16 S, CYTB, ND 4, and RAG 1. Support values on intra-specific branches are not shown for clarity. Voucher numbers for sequences are indicated for each terminal. Black dots indicate clades with posterior probability values from 95 - 100 %. Grey dots indicate values from 70 - 94 %. White dots indicate values from 50 - 69 % (values <50 % not shown). Colored clades correspond to the species' distribution presented in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948883" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species is diagnosed based on the following combination of characters: (1) 19/19/19 keeled dorsals; (2) two postoculars or none in SC 005; (3) loreal 1.6-1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="475E823DDC883A3DA950324787FB73AE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than high; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven or eight supralabials, usually fourth and fifth contacting orbit; (6) seven or eight infralabials, first four or five contacting chin shields; (7) two rows of chin shields; (8) two or three preventrals; (9) 130-138 ventrals in males, 144 in the single female; (10) 48-51 subcaudals in males, 44 in the single female; (11) dorsal ground color uniformly black with a white nuchal collar that connects to a white lip band forming a bridle (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="47B5E554B88B166B799DAE02EC398620" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs of some specimens of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. in life: (a) from Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura province; (b) from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948888" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">6</figureCitation>
|
||
); (12) ventral surfaces uniformly immaculate white (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1D3AB967E560C19813A0BA3775CA5F6D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female holotype of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948885" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">3b</figureCitation>
|
||
); (13) 181-243 mm SVL in males, 183 mm in the single female; (14) 30-58 mm CL in males, 35 in the single female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F99B0A06DDD8CD2A63746C8A0A166E34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948888" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="D58543641685DF3EF7812739DE0CDA31" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="237EB114A58FC3F3C5AD372189B32976" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92400DD99BB6F10E85470CF6B806DC7F" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="96007CC583318448B2C5E74FCD32147B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in life: (
|
||
<emphasis id="8D33D2CB17B3B18846D7D9CD4A1ED543" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
) from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4A16EFDBC27C47B65D98593813CDF1E5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Manduriacu Reserve, Imbabura province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="4218F35C49EE79519E67797E6EBD79EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
) from Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9AEFC508036ACE49C2651BAF196460BA" originalValue="Lucía">Lucia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5B9613BA5E58E8D7B8129A7AC9A789FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="comparisons">
|
||
<paragraph id="478F82B25A80D9DF72980C8429855B46" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DA9ACD3C50B439DDCCAFCD92F259A9B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B504F41B6321147B9E00E3A6B5E79078" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0944074B7C0921E4E4FF971B69BAC39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is compared to other species of the genus previously subsumed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C30A0C0CAAADFF826FDA8DF9143ABF5" lsidName="N. atrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="386C4197FBAE1A56F6CA1BB7A6C3C431" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="88E7867B02148643B0F257F64395628A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">sensu lato</emphasis>
|
||
(differences summarized in Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E4FE206461490BE9E3264089218AAE39" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between snakes of the genus Ninia inhabiting western Ecuador. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample, Angarita-Sierra and Lynch (2017), and Angarita-Sierra (2018). The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" tableUuid="14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The new species differs from all of them by having a white nuchal collar merged with the white lip coloration (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="367C5A7979E1424358CE5371F2B4E67A" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">4a</figureCitation>
|
||
), immaculate throat and chin shields (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="26A8356FB485919ABF0753FA7C4EDA6B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5b, d</figureCitation>
|
||
), and ventral surface of body immaculate white (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E03236682012A93AB32F16001641F99B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female holotype of Ninia guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327 in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral view." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948885" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">3b</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8C9951F6AE37EFC23223867AC3F1F5C" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="E81B480C05588845852B873A9C40EF88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov., the throat and chin shields are obscured by dark brown pigment (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="839338A14A63A943728A646E1268AFA1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5f, h</figureCitation>
|
||
), the supralabials are partly or entirely black or dark gray (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8B29EB4F5991E4ED5F8F13B765FF304" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (b) N. schmidti comb. nov. TH 503." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948886" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">4b</figureCitation>
|
||
), nuchal collar absent in adults (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="20F04A312AA0C1D0D2FEF88C161A4660" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Dorsal and lateral views of the head in two species of Ninia: (a, b) N. guytudori sp. nov. JMG 1327; (c, d) N. guytudori sp. nov. SC 005; (e, f) N. schmidti comb. nov. SC 095; (g, h) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1374." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948887" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">5e, g</figureCitation>
|
||
), and ventral surfaces usually heavily obscured by dark pigment.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="006D0D7CF9507539F8C99038894E1FC1" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="F797DB3D1FA3C5A382E57B58020ABCF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D433BFCED898B7FA7AE19F1405495A7" lsidName="N. teresitae" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="teresitae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F1BCF9713782F5AC2B79B436CF54F3DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. teresitae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a lower number of ventrals in males (130-138 vs 143-156), presence of a "white bridle," and belly not irregularly spotted, speckled, or heavily obscured by dark pigment. The cis-Andean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DDC2415CF252450507A2FF1A3B56792" lsidName="N. hudsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="hudsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E7EF4E8A464AC32C14B87E4C4E1FB56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. hudsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has black lips and dorsal scales arranged in 21 or 23 rows at mid-body (Suppl. material 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="70D72E92B9F47341B5E901CAABEDB337" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" author="Camper, JD" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="729 - 751" refId="B17" refString="Camper, JD, Torres-Carvajal, O, Ron, SR, Nilsson, J, Arteaga, A, Knowles, TW, Arbogast, BS, 2021. Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador. Check List 17: 729 - 751, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" title="Amphibians and reptiles of Wildsumaco Wildlife Sanctuary, Napo Province, Ecuador." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/17.3.729" volume="17" year="2021">Camper et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CFFEE29D6FD86F2CE8377E9AA5D6B40" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FCB51E62A15A9B02A24A83A6C58F149" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from trans-Andean populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD0B2D1558A85C3F992959C2E9E89067" lsidName="N. atrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="atrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="6400F046624C69499A93CA2D6C934215" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. atrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a white (instead of red, orange, or yellow) nuchal collar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D6CEC5904E7DF5024D7D93B89F7F3CC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492009002200001" author="Angarita-Sierra, T" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="277 - 288" refId="B1" refString="Angarita-Sierra, T, 2009. Variacion geografica de Ninia atrata en Colombia (Colubridae: Dipsadinae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 49: 277 - 288, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492009002200001" title="Variacion geografica de Ninia atrata en Colombia (Colubridae: Dipsadinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492009002200001" volume="49" year="2009">Angarita-Sierra 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ventral surface of tail obscured by dark gray pigment (instead of uniformly cream;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="73A268DBF3F81F418A738394EBDE9167" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" author="Angarita-Sierra, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="478 - 492" refId="B4" refString="Angarita-Sierra, T, Lynch, JD, 2017. A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia. Zootaxa 4244: 478 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" title="A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Choco ́ - Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" volume="4244" year="2017">Angarita-Sierra and Lynch 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), nasal divided, and by having the sulcate surface of the hemipenial body ornamented with a large basal hooked spine (photo of QCAZR 11960 depicted in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FBEF5FC2623A0F8859E087290FC72E2B" author="Guerra-Correa, E" journalOrPublisher="Sinauer Associates, Sunderland" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B29" refString="Guerra-Correa, E, 2020. Ninia teresitae. In: Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmino-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D (Eds) Reptiles del Ecua-dor. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. [accessed on 2023-09-09]" title="Ninia teresitae. In: Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmino-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D (Eds) Reptiles del Ecua-dor. Version 2022.0. Museo de Zoologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. [accessed on 2023 - 09 - 09]" year="2020">Guerra-Correa 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" ID-Table-UUID="14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/14914A24F65C1A64FC62E09B641BAAC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph id="B6846068BC74F4A62F5ECA5DAFEE432E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E25AADA0F450DEDD0B415A5D49CD040" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Differences in coloration, scale counts, and size between snakes of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B8C6DDE68F61EBEFE93F2F7F9D9F44B" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="574A471D2A763BB991B6D7E42ED53F32" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabiting western Ecuador. The range of each continuous variable is from our own sample,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E919CF067B89BA5F1B2ED07AD497A25" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" author="Angarita-Sierra, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="478 - 492" refId="B4" refString="Angarita-Sierra, T, Lynch, JD, 2017. A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Chocó-Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia. Zootaxa 4244: 478 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" title="A new species of Ninia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) from Choco ́ - Magdalena biogeographical province, western Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.4.2" volume="4244" year="2017">Angarita-Sierra and Lynch (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="422FCB2A5B566DF80D574257E5E9E03C" author="Angarita-Sierra, T" journalOrPublisher="Herpetology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" pagination="357 - 360" refId="B3" refString="Angarita-Sierra, T, 2018. Range expansion in the geographic distribution of Ninia teresitae (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): new localities from northwestern Ecuador. Herpetology Notes 11: 357 - 360" title="Range expansion in the geographic distribution of Ninia teresitae (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): new localities from northwestern Ecuador." volume="11" year="2018">Angarita-Sierra (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The numbers in parentheses represent the sample size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="154BF0FFA27166EF1B49D688E69444FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<table id="F2A9FFAD2C53FCA6C968791B12DC8DD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<tr id="81AB37A7A6EF2F034F1DB5DAEDAC5819" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<th id="0716CF7DC4C15FD45EA87843CB9BAB92" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Variable</th>
|
||
<th id="ECFE78EDA3E77E22CAC4BEB51BDCF561" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A5DB110FC9ED477586F8A552AEE030B" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E57752E884F46C39420DC99F844E676" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="CF71D3E28C9F244A8DAAE55B062E3AA4" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="311F85BAC7E90FEFFC1AED197F4BC204" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Jan" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia schmidti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="F28F95AF09B30539137CA0734FF37B48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8951CFB2571D16D521F782D7EABD2A7A" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E3D50C654505BF125AB0224D96B883D" authorityName="Angarita-Sierra & Lynch" authorityYear="2017" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia teresitae" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="teresitae">
|
||
<emphasis id="280E9E38B5CC1313C0806F05F25EFA29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia teresitae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7A1FA931356FA7085D28589FCEA66144" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="039319ACC73FACE126EDFF6F62E1D384" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Throat and chin shields</td>
|
||
<td id="DBAE49C381AFA7D1E1C22BD9001C07D1" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Immaculate</td>
|
||
<td id="C8302B671DB2BB56F0E6F6F0550429C2" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Obscured by dark brown pigment</td>
|
||
<td id="13C9429DA47D5DEEFA19392EDB4E22D8" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Irregularly spotted</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="F6136A1B7A7EDB0C9436AB86FF469D68" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="3C3CFDDB8CD24E02D5C03CCF6F3AF033" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Supralabials</td>
|
||
<td id="0030ED7C93C4890754D4287701CA360A" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">White (juveniles) or white with faint dark speckling</td>
|
||
<td id="5D66E07A7FF0DDB31F3E47BBB9793AEF" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Partly or entirely black or dark gray</td>
|
||
<td id="1B9C069472EB46998EA94AC02AE6D67F" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Partly or entirely black or dark gray</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="392766F317B903DFA22B0358F29FC19F" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="17B580DFCA4E56EEB397AF4DF679F3B1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Nuchal collar in adults</td>
|
||
<td id="CF8AD918C0F6ABB3F4643C80E5C719D6" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Present, entirely white or suffused with dark speckling</td>
|
||
<td id="D6A49F28556027F11B12D52CCAF4C8FD" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Absent; if present, obscured by dark smudges and spots</td>
|
||
<td id="BA54EE359E984BA70F4F9F228851A1BF" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="232E4D30C845079930547CCEC915BB4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="BC5FFA72F6E4715D0634CB5B46E150E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Nuchal collar in juveniles</td>
|
||
<td id="E0D83F0F13DA069DCC1C8D424357DBB6" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">
|
||
White, immaculate, connected with white supralabials, creating a
|
||
<normalizedToken id="79C6FCDA2B74DAFD668E3D8097022365" originalValue="“bridle”">"bridle"</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="21CA7E7E8F9B436146AE2D18BC817907" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Present, with black spots</td>
|
||
<td id="D369F76103382987C70B0879321ABAED" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">
|
||
White with black spots, no
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A96FF6FA6071673DD730AA727B8D4440" originalValue="“bridle”">"bridle"</normalizedToken>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CDFF327B9E1539D3102A3F40C905C837" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="7AB1ED3577A4492D118DD7923975FE21" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Supralabials</td>
|
||
<td id="148BE52E304D8EF30F7E23563B981CF2" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">White (juveniles) or white with faint dark speckling</td>
|
||
<td id="BFB14ABFC7F9438EDE58782015C866AF" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Partly or entirely black or dark gray; dingy white in ZMH R10390</td>
|
||
<td id="B9CDC87433DF288E4B92B6AD868AFD7C" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Partly or entirely black or dark gray</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7011FDD008815E14AC82D37C83F93D59" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="B87203F98003FB4FD01F8E173143C34D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Ventral surfaces of body</td>
|
||
<td id="C4E7130D4047FA3A3E27C91AFA6A5231" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Immaculate white</td>
|
||
<td id="A8CFA739877328FCC37F8119FD73CBAD" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Immaculate to heavily obscured by dark pigment</td>
|
||
<td id="71DB94F0D0D7FD90C8A734DEC7A0021F" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Irregularly spotted, speckled, or heavily obscured by dark pigment</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E70853BC97495A8CD497ADA9F4783E70" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="F997678D95798E30EB727A786BA2F316" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Pocket-shaped structure at the base of the hemipenial body</td>
|
||
<td id="D50B389AC7D017272DCA1D68D1F03BD3" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="448FDA137ED804883A70DEC5410577DE" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="D563384A0448190C5A0D756280858285" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Present</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B71BE71AB026339368F73833CAB4CC8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="DBDC51A6CEA5E154C906595A9DEDDECA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Sex</td>
|
||
<td id="43E45CB362AC686F6257BF243B669CA8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Males (n = 4)</td>
|
||
<td id="B0FCA543A4330BA0DF426B8D3B18F3CA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Females (n = 1)</td>
|
||
<td id="37AC653614D2C25EDCF707600BCC83D3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Males (n = 4)</td>
|
||
<td id="4550B001284022A6BF7E12034D9C3001" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Females (n = 4)</td>
|
||
<td id="BB5F29DDC99CC425350F6B80B4717A40" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Males (n = 10)</td>
|
||
<td id="B18B93E579AEF6A53A086A5F8749FDD1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Females (n = 15)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4983881B5D953FD19BEB7362E04C5DAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="C08088365879B6BE8F2E153688FC813D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Maximum SVL</td>
|
||
<td id="93F112BE3639FDDDE8C7FEA5AD0C0814" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">243 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="1FE2C9DC003B4E2BF1C3C1E8A5A273C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">183 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="96EED7CFD0C6C0C898423C1DCE13A4F3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">283 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="94EAA506DC97C660F6BCA3FCAA68EF5B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">409 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="D68EA439F58B85FAC75DB759A7243643" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">382 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="D1C371127CA2AF115EDB3B05612D39A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">346 mm</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="036EBE3694A6252437180524B3CB7A0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="C8CE97BC6A3CCD14E7731604C21BE012" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Ventral scales</td>
|
||
<td id="83C74F789137AEF3A59BD80CD071A19F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">130-138</td>
|
||
<td id="9ABE008ACA5C912F0F3C7B54097BB687" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">138</td>
|
||
<td id="9DCDF82300082C2E09F385F03A2D8B75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">138-144</td>
|
||
<td id="7C827983EB5317C7FC3E1E1526BE88B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">139-155</td>
|
||
<td id="4068437D9EA99E377F6E478B5A4270AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">143-156</td>
|
||
<td id="3209F62725FEB271EFCE4A2139B08FF1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">148-160</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A73CF76C87FD61F1ED7ABB0EB252373E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="FAD3BDAEB6F33C6DF5A02F8012F0FDF7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Subcaudal scales</td>
|
||
<td id="570C77B46B41560AB92672B27E49D9AE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">48-51</td>
|
||
<td id="0D5CE185749EBAFCBAEE365FEC8B2DF6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">44</td>
|
||
<td id="2F6AB5F9CA7F65A50D309856E0F79591" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">50-57</td>
|
||
<td id="FE59951587500AA5BAAF8492CFD44CA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">46-53</td>
|
||
<td id="8EBD6786057B586E85AAEF1EB062D193" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">57-69</td>
|
||
<td id="B0C83FCA88469A512BE81D935D71888F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">53-63</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ABD56260ACA075585F0C4608EC951B74" ID-Table-UUID="ABD56260ACA075585F0C4608EC951B74" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ABD56260ACA075585F0C4608EC951B74" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
|
||
<paragraph id="C59F79D83615090C4C30BC1636CAEC30" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="5688FEEA231862FEF1B55EDD7D60640C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Partition scheme and models of evolution used in phylogenetic analyses. Numbers in parentheses indicate codon position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F394A874E1541D6B777313CC3677BDDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<table id="BED60A4DCE84C8D592E4A34AF5B40AF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<tr id="C61D37F9644AC3D51410152396D43485" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<th id="BA13CB316CEA3DE6892B2C918B6CF156" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Partition</th>
|
||
<th id="90D8D5E98E771DFD81C0DECBC3221160" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Best model</th>
|
||
<th id="7B9493450180E520B9DC2CE288D15F32" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Gene regions</th>
|
||
<th id="F364E97C73DDC76DE2C9FBFC8BDAA828" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">Number of aligned sites</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A484BEADC059AA1D8607A4D321E4F42D" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="C2558995E626283508FDC98227501D07" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
<td id="AD48BA2DDFC95535F21D7CE72EB350C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">GTR+I</td>
|
||
<td id="1D1A46838462BF832D723AFBAEE038E0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">16S, CYTB(3), ND4(1), RAG1(1)</td>
|
||
<td id="32E620645186065013D8EDE3863F366E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">1517</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EFFC98AAD704313E65543F9979926127" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="8F88BD35814ADA0A3C40C4754B58BE37" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
<td id="2A6A8EF3AA5722F83C571EEEA872715A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">HKY+I</td>
|
||
<td id="DDD685772C5866C1E5C0195E6DB68157" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">CYTB(1), ND4(2), RAG1(2)</td>
|
||
<td id="669B35FF2C65895001B3D6B0B99D271F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">740</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C4211BED7703D282934FA71ED438850C" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="FF87711A935346B294B9C29037031207" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td id="A467BC7BA52082DB0DAD2626E564FA8F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">HKY+G</td>
|
||
<td id="D2313DFC512D3C7ABDFC1709D5D637F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">CYTB(2), ND4(3)</td>
|
||
<td id="0E23A6A41A72A795ABB9588E63122428" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">453</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="27469C411A2F2F80620AF83B9BB9DF1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<td id="8EFC604B8805214E92D3AE4ECE50F06E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
<td id="820E91AF427621041ABE35C2DE962ECD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">K80</td>
|
||
<td id="3F3C69B76B7F84F81C55AAFCC8771CA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">RAG1(3)</td>
|
||
<td id="51B7043D3830FCFD0423F49A343497A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rowspan="1">285</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C1EC62DA1F39BED1C9EDCFFFA6763485" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948889" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7243BDC456A3D39CD25760E2677EF3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA10A9E72B660AB98C523E9EAB53DB88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral views of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E471FF0F9B5E644605D05BB59ED59F77" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="27C35601D3316D6C42833A59C1599557" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western Ecuador in life: (
|
||
<emphasis id="E99771A8B4A177E6663A521AB576AC93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E54C4803C00CDCCDCB7289EFE72ED0D" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3C11D31E8CEFAA2A48346DCDB1E95DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="9F111AB4968D0FE26E977FEB11522C8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C090CD8615A5DC689DA36FB26B461C0" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="92F9E85BF0EEAAF4F2E7C31DD268F7A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken id="55D6DD7974C5A04D533D0DABA516ED39" originalValue="Lucía">Lucia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="531BB02EBBAB2FDA5A194173EAEE4BDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2FE43219C3AE2A0133BAD35F1440E73E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5296823EDD6AE964559FC19A0697477" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Subadult female, 218 mm TL; 35 mm CL; 183 mm SVL; CL/SVL ratio 0.19; head distinct from body; HL 11.4 mm; HW 6.6 mm; rostral wider than high; internasals wider than long (1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B62606748EDAB45CEC865344D0B01FFD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 mm); internasal suture 0.6 mm; prefrontals longer than internasals, as wide as long (1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1270657CA2C0D3E0C14C9D6DF72B4401" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.9 mm; suture 1.9 mm); frontal U-shaped and as long as wide (2.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C79D20BAFB801ACDCC1BF29FB6784D73" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.6 mm); parietals longer than wide (4.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C9B4C6EDD4C7F19FF0AB1FE3F09F9B7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.2 mm); interparietal suture 2.7 mm; supraoculars 1/1, each longer than wide (1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA59A77B7C9E1E88FB8A7F9C59EEF767" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8 mm), entering orbit and contacting postocular; nasal scales 2/2 where anterior nasal scale contacts internasal, rostral, first supralabial, and posterior nasal in contact with loreal, prefrontal, internasal, first and second supralabials; loreal single, longer than high (1.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F16933C221C6DFD3E54A1E892BD6CE17" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1 mm), entering orbit and in contact with 2nd and 3rd supralabials; postoculars 2/2; temporal formulae 1+2, anterior temporal scale 1.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39704D57137BFD9263E1BAF21014E06E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than lower posterior temporal; anterior temporal in contact with 5th and 6th supralabials; supralabials 7/8; 3rd-4th or 4th and 5th entering orbit, 5th in contact with postocular; infralabials 7/8, 1st-4th/1st-5th in contact with two pairs of chin shields; dorsal scales in 19/19/19 rows, keeled, strongly striated, lacking apical pits; ventrals 138; divided subcaudals 44; cloacal plate undivided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="98FE25050C15290C7092F1FF693CE236" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="62E343B8730BD5AE49255DC12568E597" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E512D4B53AD5B76AF63BF36CF7D1ED75" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65FA770F0DF7FD9FCFDC69DA1EE9950C" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4CC32F9FAEEE7E7C33299D9128D1217" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. have been found active at night on leaf-litter in old-growth cloud forest. During the daytime, they have been found hidden under rotten logs. When threatened, individuals flatten the body and tail (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C0A4768C3567EE507E1BEDCCD53EFA2" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Dorsal views of some specimens of Ninia from western Ecuador in life: (a) N. schmidti comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (b) Ninia guytudori sp. nov. from Santa Lucia Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948890" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">8b</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FB45E3DD4916DE1671B1EAD18EB6919F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948890" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph id="5D3B8E073780165563732E4F158688E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0CC8124CFF269523E10E2D72A0AF821" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal views of some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE5AFAAFF73F28DF86A4FF9946F8473F" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA24A1D5472B63D9D87BB1C40B3C72F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from western Ecuador in life: (
|
||
<emphasis id="4B72B99D2E90CA2EB6CC9D926E2A27AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">a</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52998F762DA82CABCA306D829AB7B88C" lsidName="N. schmidti" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="schmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="7625BD9AB32D8C782E3FA6C2AD717FF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">N. schmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov. SCA 1446 from Buenaventura Reserve, El Oro province; (
|
||
<emphasis id="2E38AA5220ADE68311949806D053B346" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">b</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="932547BA9CC1C4C3FF0E117BBF01D011" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D760E0C40413FC774838C1BC19C350B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Santa
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3FAF73F7CE6BBB8AE4417AA8465EF142" originalValue="Lucía">Lucia</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cloud Forest Reserve, Pichincha province. Photos by Jose Vieira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="224B05F409C8A4BFA6F4E96BBEAA3EDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FF3E92D7AF33E6627C6E8C410BBB010F" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4BF3042BCE95D3A2A76ED2C44569E794" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EE7641527635981A7F644229CD764FD" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E06914FAEA3BCF6B32AAFCE87E53AC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is endemic to an estimated area of 3,432 km2 along the Pacific slopes of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. The species is known from 11 localities (listed in Suppl. material 3) and has been recorded at elevations 1190-1676 m above sea level (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="05E93E03B5B512D8C6C412B76C37F2E1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of species of Ninia in western Ecuador. Black symbols represent type localities. Each colored area is a geographic representation of the suitable environmental conditions for one of the clades recovered in the phylogeny of Fig. 1." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/948884" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1B26334D22C1C742D25D8349D1D6CF55" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B8317B4C067E2E3A4CC4DD06ACF039BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D56BDCEA8C5CA532DD71E172BFC3087E" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<emphasis id="4BE4422B3653815E6B96029274904DB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
is a patronym honoring Guy Tudor, an all-around naturalist and scientific illustrator with a deep fondness for birds and all animals, in recognition of the impact he has had on the conservation of South
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AB4B523E22EA393D9024C6D834EB2AC9" originalValue="America’s">America's</normalizedToken>
|
||
birds through his artistry. For many years, Tudor and Bob Ridgely partnered in the preparation of numerous well-regarded volumes on the Neotropical avifauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ED8C0E02F94E0B5AA98F6EFACDE2F3AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD8DD4FB9AE7BEF5F04535ACC1FB97F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5FB7AF9C53EA7F38F50013A39179F4C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">
|
||
We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4DFC0B58056592A92C3AA083886F3AA" authorityName="Arteaga & Harris" authorityYear="2023" family="Colubridae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ninia guytudori" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" rank="species" species="guytudori">
|
||
<emphasis id="9710A587FE46910CF96F093EE0703006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="317">Ninia guytudori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to be included in the Near Threatened conservation category following the IUCN criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AAC46906C8615F41E221BE4936C55509" author="Ingrasci, MJ" journalOrPublisher="MSc Thesis, University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B33" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition.IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." year="2011">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), because the species has been recorded in more than 10 localities (listed in Suppl. material 3) and it is distributed over an area which retains the majority (~53%) of its forest cover (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="06C29D942631F4FEB3366CBD5A6B23EB" author="Lanfear, R" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B37" refString="MAE (2012) Línea base de deforestación del Ecuador continental.Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Quito, 30 pp." year="2016">MAE 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, the species is facing no major immediate extinction threats. However, some populations are likely to be declining due to deforestation by logging and large-scale mining, especially in the province Imbabura (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5813915E226FC1A9875063AAD76EBAF9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6400" author="Guayasamin, JM" journalOrPublisher="Sinauer Associates, Sunderland" pageId="0" pageNumber="317" refId="B28" refString="Guayasamin, JM, Cisneros-Heredia, DF, Vieira, J, Kohn, S, Gavilanes, G, Lynch, RL, Hamilton, PS, Maynard, RJ, 2019. A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Choco-Andean Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining. PeerJ 7: e6400. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6400" title="A new glassfrog (Centrolenidae) from the Choco-Andean Rio Manduriacu Reserve, Ecuador, endangered by mining. PeerJ 7: e 6400." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6400" year="2019">Guayasamin et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where only two populations of the species are known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |