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<document id="4576012C2417F6695B5855A7CAEA489E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7667523" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7667523" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1677093216690" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Veltz, Isabelle, Azar, Dany &amp; Nel, André" docDate="2007" docId="03C787C43A28EA616CECFA039A74FC72" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.48.1.169-191.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 48 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C20B10C002986E51083406A4EACF003A.3:AfrInvertebr.2001-2007.journal_article" docStyleId="C20B10C002986E51083406A4EACF003A" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2001-2007.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Lebanorthocladius furcatus Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel 2007, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="182" masterDocId="FFFEFFBC3A22EA6C6D44FFB49879FFD5" masterDocTitle="New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="191" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1699456129661" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="38771E87DE5D6D7BD695E3F727A6CFE6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F911F77A69F074E771BA74E1CE815ACB">
<mods:title id="5B0DC17BE61A76648DBD8D127913A97E">New chironomid flies in Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C9764052F29831F8B6ACD1716AE2C512">Veltz, Isabelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="25A285A44A8092D192ADC9BF09FC0D66" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="13CF545E4ABA4FF720D5C7D08464CCC1">Azar, Dany</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="0EA0ADCC78751682BD98971F9F0D611D">
<mods:roleTerm id="773E389EAF64DC0B2D5DB4FDEA88ACFD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED3F4AFD9E012712748E448394214EB">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="54DBA8750447031747B758735EFEFF07">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="76C3EF8C35E9D53DA0ED1E0928B74AD1" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="225723A096A13AA8EA0C6D9BAF3C611E">
<mods:title id="1E30EB71FEC4F52D73F2DA498E11F545">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1C78AC24E46DDFC84A55FF94D0E1E2FE">
<mods:date id="026FC2332986113591CA4F71BDDCF354">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6D7AF899A610C11BE58206D93FC25A91" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="44CD2E066A8BD45132021C5B96887020">2007-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="44D7794F9E8357D14C15315421C578AB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="180C675B8F9DBD4E4DB12BDC8C655A11">48</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="BE094A23F0D9B00B194CC0D3F4AE46B7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="76807F593167952BDDDEF7DD58865863">169</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="EFFD67E7C8E18D3ED2A74B8ED90FFA76">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CA41683C9BC9A2B2658208A0CF6E050D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7667523</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0BEAC5DC0E957C58D81EE84BED6F895D" type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8A93B89CA000A1BED7C0738009AB20F2" type="Zenodo-Dep">7667523</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787C43A28EA616CECFA039A74FC72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787C43A28EA616CECFA039A74FC72" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787C43A28EA616CECFA039A74FC72" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">
<subSubSection id="C37465593A28EA666CECFA039B4EFA05" box="[424,823,1463,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A28EA666CECFA039B4EFA05" blockId="10.[144,1104,1463,1672]" box="[424,823,1463,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">
<heading id="D09981BE3A28EA666CECFA039B4EFA05" box="[424,823,1463,1488]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="179" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A28EA666CECFA039A8DFA05" ID-CoL="8CH28" authority="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel, 2007" authorityName="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[424,756,1463,1488]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A28EA666CECFA039A8DFA05" bold="true" box="[424,756,1463,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">Lebanorthocladius furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957BB3A28EA666FBFFA039B4EFA05" box="[763,823,1463,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37465593A28EA616F7CFA6B9A74FC72" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="10" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A28EA666F7CFA6B9ADEFA2D" blockId="10.[144,1104,1463,1672]" box="[568,679,1503,1528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">
<figureCitation id="13552A573A28EA666F7CFA6B9ADEFA2D" box="[568,679,1503,1528]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs 10–12" captionStartId-0="11.[213,246,1023,1043]" captionStartId-1="12.[144,183,1043,1063]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,1017,201,1003]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1053,205,1024]" captionTargetId-0="figure-233@11.[311,1029,190,1016]" captionTargetId-1="figure-229@12.[181,1061,488,1041]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="Fig. 9. Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n., holotype 5B, general habitus, scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figs 10–12. Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n., holotype 5B: (10) wing, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (11, 12) dorsal and ventral aspects of male genitalia, scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667535" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667537" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7667535/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7667537/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A28EA666DD4F9B39B07F9F5" blockId="10.[144,1104,1463,1672]" box="[144,894,1543,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">Etymology: After the forked gonostylus, characteristic of the male.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A28EA666DD4F99B9C36F95D" blockId="10.[144,1104,1463,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="179">
Description: Head
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long. Ocelli absent. Antenna
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long, almost 5 times length of head, distinctly hairy, with 13 flagellomeres covered with long setae (shortest
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, longest
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), scape broad and short, rounded, pedicel very short,
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11665A3A29EA676D91FC4B9C2EFBC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7667535" box="[213,1111,1023,1043]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7667535/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="180" startId="11.[213,246,1023,1043]" targetBox="[321,1017,201,1003]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A29EA676D91FC4B9C2EFBC6" blockId="11.[213,1111,1023,1043]" box="[213,1111,1023,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="180">
Fig. 9.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A29EA676C51FC4B9A76FBC6" authority="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel, 2007" authorityName="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[277,527,1023,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus" status="gen. et sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A29EA676C51FC4B9A76FBC6" box="[277,527,1023,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="180">Lebanorthocladius furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957BB3A29EA676F51FC4B9AF3FBC6" box="[533,650,1023,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="180" rank="species">gen. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype 5B, general habitus, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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flagellomere 13 very long (
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). Eye bare, with a small dorso-medial extension, with 3 rows of ommatidia at minimum width. Clypeus with few dorsal setae. Mouthparts lacking functional mandible; 4 palpomeres with numerous setae, all of approximately the same length. Postocular, frontal, inner vertical and outer vertical setae not visible, possibly absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A29EA676DF1FB519A36FA4B" blockId="11.[181,1142,1085,1670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="180">
Thorax
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long,
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high; postnotum without visible setae, and no visible longitudinal median groove; surface of scutellum without visible setae; acrostichals and dorsocentrals not visible, probably absent; scutal tubercle present; scutum without median longitudinal groove; epimeron II, posterior mesanepisternum II and dorsal antepronotum bare; no lanceolate setae on scutum; antepronotal lobes not widely separated; anapleural suture distinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A29EA676DF1FA199995F953" blockId="11.[181,1142,1085,1670]" pageId="11" pageNumber="180">
Wing macropterous,
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long,
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wide, hyaline, membrane bare.
<collectingRegion id="49AAF8303A29EA676972FA199C0FFA13" box="[1078,1142,1453,1478]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="11" pageNumber="180">Costa</collectingRegion>
ending just beyond insertion of last branch of radius, distinctly shorter than cross-vein RM. Radius with only 3 branches R
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, R
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, and R
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; R
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well separated from R
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and R
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, R
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not forked into R
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and R
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, ending in costa; R
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and R
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elongate, separated from costa until apex; area between costa and R
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broad. Only M
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and M
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present; cross-vein MCu absent; Cu
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nearly straight. Anal vein An
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absent; squama without setae. Halter
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long.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11665A3A2EEA606DD4FBA79B4EFBEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7667537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7667537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7667537/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" startId="12.[144,183,1043,1063]" targetBox="[191,1053,205,1024]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2EEA606DD4FBA79B4EFBEA" blockId="12.[144,1104,1043,1087]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
Figs 10–12.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2EEA606DBBFBA79981FBF2" authority="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel, 2007" authorityName="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[255,504,1043,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcatus" status="gen. et sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2EEA606DBBFBA79981FBF2" box="[255,504,1043,1063]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">Lebanorthocladius furcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957BB3A2EEA606CB9FBA79A16FBF2" box="[509,623,1043,1063]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" rank="species">gen. et sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype 5B: (10) wing, scale bar = 0.5 mm; (11, 12) dorsal and ventral aspects of male genitalia, scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2EEA606DD4FBD99AA8FAD3" blockId="12.[144,1104,1133,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
Fore femur length
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, tibia
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, tarsus
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; mid femur
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, tibia
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, tarsus
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; hind femur
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, tibia
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, tarsus
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. All tarsomeres of fore, middle and hind legs cylindrical, not cordiform; first tarsomere of fore leg distinctly shorter than fore tibia. Hind tibia with one spur and a comb comprised of basally separated spines. Fore coxa not enlarged.
</paragraph>
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Abdomen
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long,
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wide. Gonostylus hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward; short and bifurcate. Gonocoxite with numerous long setae, elongate. Superior (?) volsella large, digitiform; no median volsella and no apparent inferior volsella.Anal point sharp and long,
<quantity id="4C969B373A2EEA606CC7FAC199A0FA5B" box="[387,473,1397,1422]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
wide at base,
<quantity id="4C969B373A2EEA606F3CFAC19AA5FA5B" box="[632,732,1397,1422]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="0.07">0.07 mm</quantity>
high.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2EEA606DD4FA2F9AE4FA12" blockId="12.[144,1104,1133,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
<materialsCitation id="3B063C8F3A2EEA606DD4FA2F9AE4FA12" collectorName="Mouhafazit Jabal Loubnan &amp; D. Azar" country="Lebanon" location="Mont Lebanon district" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D588703A2EEA606DD4FA2F989EFA7A" box="[144,231,1435,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Specimen 5 B, male.
<collectingCountry id="F37976423A2EEA606CECFA2F9A6EFA7A" box="[424,535,1435,1455]" name="Lebanon" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">LEBANON</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2EEA606F5AFA2F9A9CFA7A" box="[542,741,1435,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
<location id="8EB160093A2EEA606F5AFA2F9A9CFA7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787C43A28EA616CECFA039A74FC72:8EB160093A2EEA606F5AFA2F9A9CFA7A" box="[542,741,1435,1455]" country="Lebanon" name="Mont Lebanon district" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">Mont Lebanon district</location>
</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2EEA606FB4FA2F9B98FA7A" box="[752,993,1435,1455]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
<collectorName id="269B53043A2EEA606FB4FA2F9B98FA7A" box="[752,993,1435,1455]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">Mouhafazit Jabal Loubnan</collectorName>
</emphasis>
]: Hammana / Mdeyrij, Caza Baabda; Early Cretaceous (
<collectorName id="269B53043A2EEA606F5FFA079A1BFA12" box="[539,610,1459,1479]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">D. Azar</collectorName>
coll.).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2EEA606DD4FA679988FA2A" blockId="12.[144,1104,1133,1670]" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">Other material studied: Specimen 574 I, male, with genital organs missing, from the same locality and possibly also belonging to this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2EEA616DD4F9B99AEDFE92" blockId="12.[144,1104,1133,1670]" lastBlockId="13.[181,1142,206,935]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="182" pageId="12" pageNumber="181">
Discussion: This species belongs to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2EEA606FAAF9B99BE0F9F3" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" box="[750,921,1549,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocladiinae">Orthocladiinae</taxonomicName>
because of the following characters: wing present; cross-vein MCu absent; first tarsomere of fore leg distinctly shorter than fore tibia; hind tibia with one spur and a comb comprised of basally separated spines; gonostylus hinged to gonocoxite and folded inward; antepronotal lobes not widely separated; fore coxa not enlarged; anapleural suture distinct (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616DF9FF5A993FFED2" author="OLIVER, D. R." box="[189,326,238,263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="423 - 458" refId="ref11854" refString="OLIVER, D. R. 1981. Chapter 29. Chironomidae. In: McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. &amp; Wood, D. M., eds, Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Monograph 27. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, pp. 423 - 458." type="book chapter" year="1981">Oliver 1981</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616C14FF5A9A46FED2" author="OLIVER, D. R. &amp; DILLON, M. E." box="[336,575,238,263]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="11 - 15" refId="ref11938" refString="OLIVER, D. R. &amp; DILLON, M. E. 1989. The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - key to subfamilies. Entomologica Scandinavica (Supplement) 34: 11 - 15." type="journal article" year="1989">Oliver &amp; Dillon 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Except for the key to Holarctic genera of
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616955FF5A9947FEF2" author="CRANSTON, P. S. &amp; OLIVER, D. R. &amp; SAETHER, O. A." pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="165 - 352" refId="ref10636" refString="CRANSTON, P. S., OLIVER, D. R. &amp; SAETHER, O. A. 1989. The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica (Supplement) 34: 165 - 352." type="journal article" year="1989">
Cranston
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616DF1FEBA9895FEF3" box="[181,236,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
(1989)
</bibRefCitation>
, and the key to Palaearctic genera in
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616F97FEBA9BC9FEF2" author="SAETHER, O. A. &amp; ASHE, P. &amp; MURRAY, D. E." box="[723,944,270,295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref12294" refString="SAETHER, O. A., ASHE, P. &amp; MURRAY, D. E. 2000. Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. &amp; Darvas, B., eds, Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to the Flies of Economic Importance). 4 (Appendix A. 6). Budapest: Science Herald, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">
Saether
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616E63FEBA9B24FEF3" box="[807,861,270,294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
, there is no recent world revision of the orthocladiine genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD136D23A2FEA616D94FEFA9A74FC72" blockId="13.[181,1142,206,935]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">
Few recent genera have a double, forked, or broad triangular gonostylus, as in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616DF1FEDA99EAFE53" authority="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel, 2007" authorityName="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[181,403,366,390]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616DF1FEDA99EAFE53" box="[181,403,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Lebanorthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957BB3A2FEA616CDBFEDA998DFE52" box="[415,500,366,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, viz.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616F78FEDA9B1DFE52" authority="Saether, 2000" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="2000" box="[572,868,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aagaardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616F78FEDA9AC1FE53" box="[572,696,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Aagaardia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616F80FEDA9B1DFE52" author="SAETHER, O. A. &amp; ASHE, P. &amp; MURRAY, D. E." box="[708,868,366,391]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="113 - 334" refId="ref12294" refString="SAETHER, O. A., ASHE, P. &amp; MURRAY, D. E. 2000. Family Chironomidae. In: Papp, L. &amp; Darvas, B., eds, Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with Special Reference to the Flies of Economic Importance). 4 (Appendix A. 6). Budapest: Science Herald, pp. 113 - 334." type="book chapter" year="2000">Saether, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616E31FEDA9C08FE52" authority="Kieffer, 1913" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" box="[885,1137,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Brillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616E31FEDA9BBBFE53" box="[885,962,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Brillia</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1913
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616DF1FE3A9993FE72" authority="Saether, 1981" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[181,490,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616DF1FE3A993AFE73" box="[181,323,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Diplosmittia</emphasis>
Saether, 1981
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616CBDFE3A9B58FE72" authority="Saether, 1982" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1982" box="[505,801,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Plhudsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616CBDFE3A9A02FE73" box="[505,635,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Plhudsonia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616FC2FE3A9B58FE72" author="SAETHER, O. A." box="[646,801,398,423]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="465 - 510" refId="ref12078" refString="SAETHER, O. A. 1982. Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE U. S. A., with descriptions of Phludsonia, Unniella and Platysmittia n. genera and Atelopodella n. subgen. Entomologica Scandinavica 13 (4): 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1982">Saether, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616E75FE3A9C0FFE72" authority="Kieffer, 1923" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[817,1142,398,423]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Propsilocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616E75FE3A9BA9FE73" box="[817,976,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Propsilocerus</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1923
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616D97FE1A9A65FE12" authority="Sasa, 1978" authorityName="Sasa" authorityYear="1978" box="[211,540,430,455]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tokunagayusurika" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616D97FE1A99E7FE13" box="[211,414,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Tokunagayusurika</emphasis>
Sasa, 1978
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616F69FE1A9B4DFE12" authority="Lipina, 1939" authorityName="Lipina" authorityYear="1939" box="[557,820,430,455]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zalutschia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616F69FE1A9AD8FE13" box="[557,673,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Zalutschia</emphasis>
Lipina, 1939
</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616E39FE1A9897FE32" authority="Kieffer, 1911" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616E39FE1A9C65FE13" box="[893,1052,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Chaetocladius</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1911
</taxonomicName>
, some
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616C07FE7A9AC6FE32" authority="Wulker, 1959" authorityName="Wulker" authorityYear="1959" box="[323,703,462,487]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachaetocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616C07FE7A9A6EFE33" box="[323,535,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Parachaetocladius</emphasis>
Wülker, 1959
</taxonomicName>
, and one
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616E77FE7A9889FDD2" authority="van der Wulp, 1847" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Orthocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616E77FE7A9BBEFE33" box="[819,967,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Orthocladius</emphasis>
van der Wulp, 1847
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616DB9FE5A993FFDD3" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" box="[253,326,494,518]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Brillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616DB9FE5A993FFDD3" box="[253,326,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Brillia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616C11FE5A9998FDD3" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1981" box="[341,481,494,518]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Diplosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616C11FE5A9998FDD3" box="[341,481,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Diplosmittia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616CB5FE5A9A08FDD3" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="1982" box="[497,625,494,518]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Plhudsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616CB5FE5A9A08FDD3" box="[497,625,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Plhudsonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616FEEFE5A9B3FFDD3" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" box="[682,838,494,518]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Propsilocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616FEEFE5A9B3FFDD3" box="[682,838,494,518]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Propsilocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a double gonostylus.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616DF1FDBA99F0FDF3" authorityName="Veltz &amp; Azar &amp; Nel" authorityYear="2007" box="[181,393,526,550]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lebanorthocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616DF1FDBA99F0FDF3" box="[181,393,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Lebanorthocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all of the other genera by the following combination of characters: straight Cu
<subScript id="17EA34973A2FEA616CEAFD8B99CFFD98" attach="left" box="[430,438,575,589]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">1</subScript>
, very short costal extension, and R
<subScript id="17EA34973A2FEA616E72FD8B9B29FD98" attach="left" box="[822,848,575,589]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">4+5</subScript>
ending opposite to apex of M
<subScript id="17EA34973A2FEA616D8AFDEB9891FDB8" attach="left" box="[206,232,607,621]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">3+4</subScript>
. All genera except
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616C89FDFA9A3DFDB3" authorityName="Saether" authorityYear="2000" box="[461,580,590,614]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Aagaardia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616C89FDFA9A3DFDB3" box="[461,580,590,614]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Aagaardia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also have setae on squama and all lack a scutal tubercle. The volsellae are of the
<typeStatus id="54D588703A2FEA616F63FDDA9A2EFD52" box="[551,599,622,647]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
found in the
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616FAEFDDA9B4AFD53" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1913" box="[746,819,622,646]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Brillia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616FAEFDDA9B4AFD53" box="[746,819,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Brillia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of genera, present, for instance, in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D513A2FEA616C01FD3A9AB1FD72" authority="van der Wulp, 1874" authorityName="van der Wulp" authorityYear="1874" box="[325,712,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Eurycnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616C01FD3A99A8FD73" box="[325,465,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">Eurycnemus</emphasis>
van der Wulp, 1874
</taxonomicName>
(Fittkau 1974;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616EC6FD3A9C6EFD72" author="SAETHER, O. A." box="[898,1047,654,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="465 - 510" refId="ref12078" refString="SAETHER, O. A. 1982. Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from SE U. S. A., with descriptions of Phludsonia, Unniella and Platysmittia n. genera and Atelopodella n. subgen. Entomologica Scandinavica 13 (4): 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1982">Saether 1982</bibRefCitation>
, 2000
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA61691BFD3A9C14FD73" box="[1119,1133,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">b</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616DF1FD1A9A43FD12" author="CHAUDHURI, P. K. &amp; BHATTACHARYAY, S." box="[181,570,686,711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="169 - 171" refId="ref10464" refString="CHAUDHURI, P. K. &amp; BHATTACHARYAY, S. 1989. Indocladius, a new orthocladiid genus from India (Chironomidae). Reichenbachia 26 (2): 169 - 171." type="journal article" year="1989">Chaudhuri &amp; Bhattacharyay 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616F0CFD1A9B4CFD12" author="CRANSTON, P. S. &amp; OLIVER, D. R. &amp; SAETHER, O. A." box="[584,821,686,711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="165 - 352" refId="ref10636" refString="CRANSTON, P. S., OLIVER, D. R. &amp; SAETHER, O. A. 1989. The adult males of Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region keys and diagnoses. Entomologica Scandinavica (Supplement) 34: 165 - 352." type="journal article" year="1989">
Cranston
<emphasis id="B91AEAC03A2FEA616FF3FD1A9A88FD13" box="[695,753,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="182">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616E07FD1A9BA8FD12" author="KAWAI, K." box="[835,977,686,711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="161 - 171" refId="ref11396" refString="KAWAI, K. 1991. Seven new chironomid species (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Limnology 52 (3): 161 - 171." type="journal article" year="1991">Kawai 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616E9BFD1A9953FD32" author="KOBAYASHI, T. &amp; SASA, M." pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="71 - 75" refId="ref11465" refString="KOBAYASHI, T. &amp; SASA, M. 1991. Description of two new species of the chironomid midges collected from the Tama River, Tokyo (Diptera, Chironomidae). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 42: 71 - 75." type="journal article" year="1991">Kobayashi &amp; Sasa 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B233A2FEA616C71FD7A99A7FD32" author="NIITSUMA, H." box="[309,478,718,743]" pageId="13" pageNumber="182" pagination="707 - 716" refId="ref11818" refString="NIITSUMA, H. 1991. A new genus and species of the primitive Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology 59 (4): 707 - 716." type="journal article" year="1991">Niitsuma 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
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, 1996;
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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