287 lines
34 KiB
XML
287 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="21EF2AA0D6DFF8EE292D0D527171E96F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274579" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eed612c2-ba22-4d53-ae53-9eaff3fc8706" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274579" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460000228395" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="E, José Mondaca" docDate="2008" docId="03C787A4FF90322C12ECFE2FFED7FD2F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01922p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1922" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apterodorcus tristis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFFEFFDCFF993226127BFFF8FF83FFBD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698233134854" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="AC6659BE29CFBD7EFF6926F6EEABC1F5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="62B4E609C819BE143167D7BE22543747">
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<mods:title id="17CD9A4BF3BB9B406C288102B4FE86EE">Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="9CBE883ACACE71464A25AC3D2186C8A0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="6CFDB31B70BC2BB47FD45B0F757851CB">
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<mods:roleTerm id="51E8A206B17E92E4FB660AEB1B79D6A1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="90DC730112BA2A1E26B008F0B848E759">E, José Mondaca</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="887120A019FA67229F900E99EA20BEB5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="638F84717F48C0DE85F6B25C2198113D">
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<mods:title id="438C798C95993464E2FC5FD79622DF9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="38CBB62FC6765E4D0B79D59D52FFEC60">
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<mods:date id="58C90B51343426904D6586F0B217FE5A">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FF39933CEB6418975634A7B0FA82F408" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6F37C966861512BDE78E4F703B96740E">1922</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="357B8A44B2816751A14863EB4DA477F9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D357AF03D9836443CC1829D951719687">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9BA7E122847EF8D945B387485EAF9915">32</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F408F24EADACFB154C6576FF110315CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5DF07D0AD8F1609EED3EE8834A617EBF" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274579</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C480D300AEA3996045714CCBD0D053FC" type="GBIF-Dataset">eed612c2-ba22-4d53-ae53-9eaff3fc8706</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D2E45F6D4F01C419C7F5BBF64CBED63" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D29BA8D9EFCF207D9A3E33038CE49EB7" type="Zenodo-Dep">274579</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787A4FF90322C12ECFE2FFED7FD2F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227641" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227641" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787A4FF90322C12ECFE2FFED7FD2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787A4FF90322C12ECFE2FFED7FD2F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12ECFE2FFE19FDA9" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12ECFE2FFD3CFE4C" blockId="9.[151,703,471,532]" box="[151,703,471,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D09981DEFF90322F12ECFE2FFD3CFE4C" bold="true" box="[151,703,471,497]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12ECFE2FFD3CFE4C" bold="true" box="[151,703,471,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F12ECFE2FFE07FE4C" ID-CoL="FYKG" box="[151,388,471,497]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12ECFE2FFE07FE4C" bold="true" box="[151,388,471,497]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Apterodorcus tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Deyrolle in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF90322F105EFE2FFD34FE4C" author="Parry" box="[549,695,471,497]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Parry, F. J. S. (1870) A revised catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera; with remarks on the nomenclature, and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1870, 53 - 118." type="journal article" year="1870">Parry, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12ECFE02FE19FDA9" blockId="9.[151,703,471,532]" box="[151,410,506,532]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F12E4FE02FF73FDA9" box="[159,240,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,197,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,194,1807]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Apterodorcus species: A. bacchus (circles), and A. tristis (triangles). Regions of Chile indicated by Roman numeral, provinces of Argentina by postal code (Q = Neuquén, U = Chubut, R = Río Negro)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F1284FE02FEAFFDA9" box="[255,300,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">3, 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F1342FE02FEC9FDA9" box="[313,330,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F132CFE02FE12FDA9" box="[343,401,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">9, 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12ECFDB2FC45FD7C" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12ECFDB2FBE7FD1C" blockId="9.[151,1436,586,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F12ECFDB2FEEFFDDC" ID-CoL="FYKG" box="[151,364,586,609]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12ECFDB2FEEFFDDC" box="[151,364,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Apterodorcus tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Deyrolle in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF90322F1078FDB2FD07FDDC" author="Parry" box="[515,644,586,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Parry, F. J. S. (1870) A revised catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera; with remarks on the nomenclature, and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1870, 53 - 118." type="journal article" year="1870">Parry, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54D58810FF90322F10E2FDB2FD7FFDDC" box="[665,764,586,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(MNHN) examined, labeled: a) black bordered “Ex Museo / Mniszech”; b) handwritten “=
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F106FFD92FC90FD3C" box="[532,787,618,641]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F106FFD92FD20FD3C" ID-CoL="ZCW" box="[532,675,618,641]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apterodorcus</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F10C7FD92FC90FD3C" ID-CoL="FYKF" authority="Westw." authorityName="Westw." box="[700,787,618,641]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">bacchus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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Westw. (sic) / det. Weinreich”; c) red paper, “
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F1774FD92FE87FD1C" ID-CoL="4VQP9" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1774FD92FE87FD1C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Sclerostomus tristis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male symbol / Deyrolle in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF90322F105CFD72FD22FD1C" author="Parry" box="[551,673,650,673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Parry, F. J. S. (1870) A revised catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera; with remarks on the nomenclature, and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1870, 53 - 118." type="journal article" year="1870">Parry, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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/
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<typeStatus id="54D58810FF90322F10CCFD72FCC7FD1C" box="[695,836,650,673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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/ Det. M.J. Paulsen 2008”.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BCFD52FC45FD7C" blockId="9.[151,1436,586,705]" box="[199,966,682,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E119CFF90322F12BCFD52FC45FD7C" box="[199,966,682,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F12BCFD52FE78FD7C" ID-CoL="4VQP9" authority="Deyrolle" authorityName="Deyrolle" box="[199,507,682,705]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BCFD52FE1BFD7C" box="[199,408,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Sclerostomus tristis</emphasis>
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Deyrolle
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||
</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF10A3FF90322F1066FD52FD47FD7C" author="Parry" box="[541,708,682,705]" page="95" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF90322F1066FD52FD18FD7C" author="Parry" box="[541,667,682,705]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Parry, F. J. S. (1870) A revised catalogue of the lucanoid Coleoptera; with remarks on the nomenclature, and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1870, 53 - 118." type="journal article" year="1870">Parry, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 95
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. (original combination).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12ECFD15FB2AFA42" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12ECFD15FB2AFA42" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12ECFD15FEABFCBA" bold="true" box="[151,296,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F134CFD15FEFDFCBB" box="[311,382,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Males</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F13F4FD15FE55FCBA" box="[399,470,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) n=24.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1048FD15FD15FCBB" box="[563,662,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Females</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F10DCFD15FD6EFCBA" box="[679,749,749,775]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) n= 18.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1129FD15FC35FCBA" bold="true" box="[850,950,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Length:</emphasis>
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19.2
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1183FD15FB84FCBA" bold="true" box="[1016,1031,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">–</emphasis>
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33.0 mm.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F16FCFD15FB62FCBA" bold="true" box="[1159,1249,749,775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Width:</emphasis>
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9.0 – 14.4 mm.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12ECFCEDFF5CFC92" bold="true" box="[151,223,789,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Color</emphasis>
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: Dorsal surface opaque black.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1034FCEDFD3EFC92" bold="true" box="[591,701,789,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Vestiture</emphasis>
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: Apparently glabrous dorsally.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F164DFCEDFB00FC92" bold="true" box="[1078,1155,789,815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Head:</emphasis>
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Canthus rounded. Both sexes with temporal process; process truncate externally in male majors, subtrapezoidal (
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F16D1FCC5FB72FCEA" box="[1194,1265,829,855]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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||
). Male majors with mandibles (
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F1321FC9DFE23FCC2" box="[346,416,869,895]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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a) as long as head, curved before apex, apices strongly bifurcate with teeth acute; internally near middle with 4 obtuse teeth; dorsally with strong carina parallel with a longitudinal subcarinate tooth; tooth not coplanar with dorsal surface. Moderately developed males and male minors with mandibles (
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F12E4FC25FF72FC4A" box="[159,241,989,1015]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
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b, 7c) shorter than head, curved to apex, apex strongly bifurcate with teeth acute; internally near middle with 3–4 obtuse teeth; dorsally lacking carina but with longitudinal tooth or gibbosity on internal face; tooth or gibbosity not coplanar with dorsal surface. Female mandibles (
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F11A7FBD5FBA1FBFA" box="[988,1058,1069,1095]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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||
d) as in
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F16FBFBD5FA84FBFB" box="[1152,1287,1069,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F16FBFBD5FA80FBFB" box="[1152,1283,1069,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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but concave dorsally with exterior margin subcarinate, produced externally at base.
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1183FBADFB03FBD2" bold="true" box="[1016,1152,1109,1135]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Form convex, broader, shorter than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F1336FB85FE53FB2B" box="[333,464,1149,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1336FB85FE53FB2B" box="[333,464,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">A. bacchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Anterior angle weakly produced, sides parallel (slightly constricted medially) to angulation in basal third, sinuate from angulation to posterior angle. Margins beaded (bead obsolete anteromedially), weakly shining; anterior margin not bituberculate in either sex. Surface punctate; punctures fine to moderate on disc, becoming larger along midline, larger and coalescent near margins. Anterior margin with distinct row of orange setae of uniform length. Posterior dorsal margin with distinct field of orange setae visible in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F13FCFABDFD8DFAE2" bold="true" box="[391,526,1349,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Scutellum:</emphasis>
|
||
Form subtriangular, occasionally depressed below level of elytra.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1739FABDFA11FAE2" bold="true" box="[1346,1426,1349,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: Form convex, punctate; punctures fine on disc, becoming larger and coalescing laterally and basally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1738FA95FA11FA3A" bold="true" box="[1347,1426,1389,1415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: Brachypterous in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F138EFA6DFDBDFA12" box="[501,574,1429,1455]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F102EFA6DFD19FA12" bold="true" box="[597,666,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Mesotibiae and metatibiae with large external tooth, 0–1 smaller teeth proximally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F131FFA45FDA4FA6A" bold="true" box="[356,551,1469,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Male Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Form simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F10A8FA45FCA4FA6A" box="[723,807,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
), overall more slender, but not clearly distinguishable from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F1351FA1DFE28FA43" box="[298,427,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1351FA1DFE28FA43" box="[298,427,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F13C2FA1DFD0CFA42" bold="true" box="[441,655,1509,1535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Female Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Genitalia indistinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F165AFA1DFB21FA43" box="[1057,1186,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F165AFA1DFB21FA43" box="[1057,1186,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12BDF9F5FB31F922" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BDF9F5FB31F922" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF9F5FEC5F99A" bold="true" box="[198,326,1549,1575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F1095F9F5FCF2F99B" box="[750,881,1549,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1095F9F5FCF2F99B" box="[750,881,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its strongly opaque dorsal surface, striking band of uniform orange setae along the anterior pronotal margin and field of orange setae along the posterior margin, different form of the male mandibles which are dorsally carinate or have a smaller internal tooth removed from the dorsal surface, and pronotum lacking two anterior tubercles in females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12BDF955FA9EF952" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BDF955FAF2F97A" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" box="[198,1393,1709,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF955FEDCF97A" bold="true" box="[198,351,1709,1735]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF90322F1314F955FE37F97A" box="[367,436,1709,1735]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,197,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,194,1807]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Apterodorcus species: A. bacchus (circles), and A. tristis (triangles). Regions of Chile indicated by Roman numeral, provinces of Argentina by postal code (Q = Neuquén, U = Chubut, R = Río Negro)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274580/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF90322F1051F955FDEEF97A" box="[554,621,1709,1735]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the Cordillera de la Costa south of Santiago to near Rancagua.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BDF92DFA9EF952" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" box="[198,1309,1749,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF92DFEE8F952" bold="true" box="[198,363,1749,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Locality data</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68FD3BFF90322F1301F92DFD9AF952" box="[378,537,1749,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="generic">43 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined from FMNH, JMEC, MGGC, MJPC, MNHN, MNNC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322F12BDF905FBADF832" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BDF905FD7BF8DA" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF90322F12BDF905FEA6F8AA" box="[198,293,1789,1815]" name="Chile" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF905FEA6F8AA" bold="true" box="[198,293,1789,1815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">CHILE</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(39):
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F130FF905FCA8F8AA" bold="true" box="[372,811,1789,1815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Región Metropolitana de Santiago</emphasis>
|
||
(28): Alhue (5); Alto Cantillana (8); La Ollita (2); Pichi Alhue (13).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F130EF8DDFCF1F882" bold="true" box="[373,882,1829,1855]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">VI Región del Libertador B. O’Higgins</emphasis>
|
||
(15): Doñihue, Cerro Poqui (1); Lo Miranda (Roblería Llivi-Llivi, Portezuelo) (13).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F101EF8B5FD44F8DA" bold="true" box="[613,711,1869,1895]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">No data</emphasis>
|
||
(1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322F12BDF88DFBADF832" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" box="[198,1070,1909,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF88DFE06F832" bold="true" box="[198,389,1909,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Temporal data.</emphasis>
|
||
January (1), November (13), December (26). No data (3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF90322C12BDF865FED7FD2F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF90322C12BDF865FCF6FEC7" blockId="9.[151,1436,749,2015]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,658]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F12BDF865FEBCF80A" bold="true" box="[198,319,1949,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The vast majority of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F1047F865FD5AF80B" box="[572,729,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F1047F865FD5AF80B" box="[572,729,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Apterodorcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens in collections belong to the common
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F176FF865FA18F80B" box="[1300,1435,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F176FF865FA1BF80B" box="[1300,1432,1949,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the status of this second species has been unclear since its description; subsequently it was considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C1353FF60FE2BFF0C" box="[296,424,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C1353FF60FE2BFF0C" box="[296,424,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF93322C13A8FF60FD01FF0F" author="Benesh" box="[467,642,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" refString="Benesh, B. (1960) Coleopterorum Catalogus Supplementa, Pars 8: Lucanidea (sic). W. Junk, Berlin. 178 pp." type="book" year="1960">Benesh (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Upon examination of the Deyrolle
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF93322C1658FF60FBD5FF0F" box="[1059,1110,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen from MNHN, we determined that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C132DFF38FE39FF64" box="[342,442,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C132DFF38FE39FF64" box="[342,442,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a valid species distinct from
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C113CFF38FC53FF64" box="[839,976,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C113CFF38FC4FFF64" box="[839,972,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, in hundreds of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C12ECFF10FEB7FEBC" box="[151,308,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C12ECFF10FEB7FEBC" box="[151,308,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Apterodorcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined none possessed the characters present in Deyrolle’s
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF93322C164FFF10FB1EFEBF" box="[1076,1181,232,258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and the only provenance available for that specimen indicated “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF93322C10D6FEE8FD6CFE97" box="[685,751,272,298]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chili</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Fortunately, we subsequently located several specimens in the JMEC that did agree with
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C1064FEC0FD0FFEEC" box="[543,652,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C1064FEC0FD05FEEC" box="[543,646,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">A. tristis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
providing the locality information below. Additional material has since been located in a few institutions and private collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF93322C12BDFE70FED7FD2F" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,658]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
|
||
This species is the northern most lucanid in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF93322C109BFE70FCA0FE1F" box="[736,803,392,418]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, being found in the Cordillera de la Costa in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF93322C12ECFE48FF54FE77" box="[151,215,432,458]" name="Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
just south of Santiago. Specimens have been collected walking during the day in the roble (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C176EFE48FEA6FE4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C176EFE48FEA6FE4C" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Nothofagus macrocarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forest and in pitfall traps. Additional collecting in the area may increase the range of this species even farther to the north. The only other lucanid known from this area is the flightless species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C177AFDF8FD97FDFF" authority="Benesh" authorityName="Benesh" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidus" subGenus="Sclerostomulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C177AFDF8FA1FFDA4" box="[1281,1436,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Sclerostomus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C12DAFDD0FED0FDFC" box="[161,339,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Sclerostomulus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C131FFDD0FE37FDFC" box="[356,436,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">nitidus</emphasis>
|
||
Benesh
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is known from only a handful of specimens (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF93322C16D3FDD0FAC4FDFF" author="Paulsen" box="[1192,1351,552,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" refString="Paulsen, M. J. (2005) A revision of the southern South American stag beetles of the genus Sclerostomus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae). Zootaxa, 1060, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="2005">Paulsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is restricted to the same relictual forests. The nearest known populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF93322C1180FDA8FBFFFDD4" box="[1019,1148,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF93322C1180FDA8FBFFFDD4" box="[1019,1148,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF93322C1705FDA8FF3FFD2F" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="90.0">90 km</quantity>
|
||
to the south.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |