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<document id="5084C0B99BBAB89F1C7AB57B0CCEDB76" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.179881" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4450f512-2b32-4d43-8291-95a78b92b0b4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="179881" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460005446111" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Madill, Jacqueline &amp; Hovingh, Peter" docDate="2007" docId="03C78785FF97CA4A3598FA69FC41873C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01657p021.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1657" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Erpobdella obscura Verrill 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFFEFFFDFF9DCA45350FFFC4FFBD8143" masterDocTitle="Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia" masterLastPageNumber="21" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698233215090" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="77924AC88BC3F7D05422DDBE03BB0D51">Freshwater leech (Annelida: Hirudinida) distribution in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador and adjacent regions: check-list, new records, new pigmentation forms, and Pleistocene refugia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DBF7A76F26ED25EFE87E899E275C4B06">Madill, Jacqueline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="533B5E55FED959E9DFEE8746FACABAAC">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="85E26EA3A4EB9B74D8ED1E9D1185C40A">1657</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C78785FF97CA4A3598FA69FC41873C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631637" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C78785FF97CA4A3598FA69FC41873C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C78785FF97CA4A3598FA69FC41873C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C3746518FF97CA4F3598FA69FDCD874C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F3598FA69FD8F8484" blockId="10.[151,562,1453,1479]" box="[151,562,1453,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D09981FFFF97CA4F3598FA69FD8F8484" bold="true" box="[151,562,1453,1479]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF97CA4F3598FA69FD8F8484" authority="Verrill 1872" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1872" box="[151,562,1453,1479]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3598FA69FD8F8484" bold="true" box="[151,562,1453,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3598FA69FE398484" bold="true" box="[151,388,1453,1479]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF97CA4F349CFA69FD978484" author="Verrill" box="[403,554,1453,1479]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1872) Descriptions of North American fresh-water leeches. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 3 (17), 126 - 139." type="journal article" year="1872">Verrill 1872</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F3598FA3CFDCD874C" blockId="10.[151,624,1528,1551]" box="[151,624,1528,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Synonym:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF97CA4F3404FA3CFDCD874C" authority="Verrill 1872" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1872" box="[267,624,1528,1551]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Nephelopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3404FA3CFE57874C" box="[267,490,1528,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nephelopsis obscura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF97CA4F34FEFA3CFDCD874C" author="Verrill" box="[497,624,1528,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1872) Descriptions of North American fresh-water leeches. The American Journal of Science and Arts, 3 (17), 126 - 139." type="journal article" year="1872">Verrill 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3746518FF97CA4A3598F9FBFC41873C" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F3598F9FBFE618719" blockId="10.[151,1436,1599,2026]" box="[151,476,1599,1626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3598F9FBFEE2871A" bold="true" box="[151,351,1599,1625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Common name:</emphasis>
Bait leech
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F35CAF9A3FC6487C1" blockId="10.[151,1436,1599,2026]" box="[197,985,1639,1666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F35CAF9A3FE7287C2" bold="true" box="[197,463,1639,1665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">General distribution:</emphasis>
Nearctic (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF97CA4F3747F9ACFD0587C1" box="[584,696,1640,1666]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,422,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,422,1770]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Photographs of selected Newfoundland and Labrador leeches. D was collected by Cecelia McGrath in 1982. A, Dorsal view of Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill), site 17; B, Dorsal view of Helobdella modesta (Verrill), site 12; C, Dorsal view of Theromyzon sp., site 6; D, Lateral view of Haemopis lateromaculata Mathers, showing the plain ventrum separated from the speckled dorsum by a lighter pattern on the side, CMNA 1982 – 0654; E, Dorsal view of Haemopis marmorata (Say), site 12; F, Closeup of anal protrusion of Haemopis marmorata, Site 12; G, Erpobdella punctata (Leidy) (normal pigmentation), site 7; H, Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) [normal pigmentation], site 21. Scale bars are in cm unless otherwise indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179883/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 2</figureCitation>
H, 4D, 6, 7,
<tableCitation id="C6EC0328FF97CA4F3646F9ACFC1687C1" box="[841,939,1640,1666]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Locations of surveyed aquatic sites." pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6EC0328FF97CA4F36B6F9ACFC7787C1" box="[953,970,1640,1666]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,511,535]" captionTargetBox="[159,1419,653,1244]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Locations of museum records from Newfoundland and Labrador." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11661BFF9ECA463598FE3BFC7B8354" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="DF11661BFF9ECA463598FE3BFC7B8354">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F35CAF94BFC1A8791" blockId="10.[151,1436,1599,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F35CAF94BFE5287EA" bold="true" box="[197,495,1679,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Newfoundland: Survey:</emphasis>
Site 7 (CMNA 2006–0023), Site 18 (CMNA 2006–0022);
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F31A5F94BFA2187EA" bold="true" box="[1194,1436,1679,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Museum specimen:</emphasis>
CMNA 1900–5994;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3486F973FDA88792" bold="true" box="[393,533,1719,1745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Literature:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF97CA4F3713F97CFD4F8791" author="Pawlowski" box="[540,754,1720,1746]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" refString="Pawlowski, L. K. (1948) Contribution a la connaissance des sangsues (Hirudinea) de la Nouvelle- Ecosse, de Terre - Neuve et des iles francaises Saint-Pierre et Miquelon. Fragmenta Faunistica Musei Zoologici Polonici, 5 (# 20), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1948">Pawlowski (1948)</bibRefCitation>
at Grand Falls.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4F35CAF91BFD258609" blockId="10.[151,1436,1599,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F35CAF91BFE0E87BA" bold="true" box="[197,435,1759,1785]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Labrador: Survey:</emphasis>
Site 20 (CMNA 2006–0021), Site 21 (CMNA 2006–0020), Site 22 (CMNA 2006– 0019), Site 23 (CMNA 2006–0018), Site 28 (CMNA 2006–0017), and Site 29 (CMNA 2006–0016);
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3020F8C3FEA9860A" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Museum specimen:</emphasis>
CMNA 1988–0127 (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF97CA4F3701F8F4FDC98609" box="[526,628,1840,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[271,1318,397,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,394,1852]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution of the four widespread leech species. Circles, 2004 survey; squares, literature locations (Pawlowski 1948, Davies 1973); triangles, museum specimens. A, Glossiphonia elegans (Verrill); B, Helobdella modesta (Verrill); C, Erpobdella punctata (Leidy); D, Erpobdella obscura (Verrill)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179885/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figure 4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF97CA4E35CAF893FEC78011" blockId="10.[151,1436,1599,2026]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F35CAF893FE7A8632" bold="true" box="[197,455,1879,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Notes on the species.</emphasis>
Verrill’s (1872) description of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF97CA4F3637F89CFB9F8632" box="[824,1058,1880,1905]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F3637F89CFB9F8632" box="[824,1058,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strongly resembles some of the Newfoundland and Labrador specimens but there is also a previously unpublished color variation.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF97CA4F304BF844FF588681" author="Klemm" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" refString="Klemm, D. J. (1985) Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudina). In Klemm, D. J. (Ed), A Guide to the Freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaea, and Hirudina) of North America. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 70 - 173." type="book chapter" year="1985">Klemm (1985)</bibRefCitation>
describes the normal appearance of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF97CA4F37AFF86CFC308682" box="[672,909,1960,1985]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF97CA4F37AFF86CFC308682" box="[672,909,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF97CA4F3690F86CFBAD8681" box="[927,1040,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figures 6</figureCitation>
F, 7B, E, I, J) as “color variable, dorsum greenish-brown, covered with sparse scattered black or light colored blotches, interlacing or irregular spots, or plain (uniform), no striping…” In Newfoundland and Labrador, we found
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF96CA4E3161FF5CFAE581F2" box="[1134,1368,152,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3161FF5CFAE581F2" box="[1134,1368,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a pattern which we call ‘ringed’ because of horizontal dark pigment in the furrows between the annuli (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF96CA4E3042FF04FF1B8041" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7</figureCitation>
A, D, F–H). These are remarkably similar to other ‘ringed’ specimens collected by J. Metcalfe-Smith in the Grand River, Ontario (north of Kitchener) at Winterbourne, Glen Morris, Upper Bellwood, and Elora Gorge (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF96CA4E3590FEFCFEB98011" box="[159,260,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6EC0328FF96CA4E341DFEFCFED78011" box="[274,362,312,338]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,707,731]" captionTargetBox="[159,1391,875,1391]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Normal and ‘ Ringed’ specimens of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from the Grand River, Ontario, collected by J. Metcalfe-Smith, CCIW, and from Newfoundland and Labrador." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661BFF96CA4E3598F890FC5A86F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179885/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[271,1318,397,1849]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF96CA4E3598F890FC5A86F2" blockId="11.[151,1436,1876,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3598F890FEA2862F" bold="true" box="[151,287,1876,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution of the four widespread leech species. Circles, 2004 survey; squares, literature locations (Pawlowski 1948, Davies 1973); triangles, museum specimens.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3642F8B3FCDD86CC" bold="true" box="[845,864,1911,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF96CA4E3660F8B3FB0486CD" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[879,1209,1911,1934]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Glossiphonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3660F8B3FBE586CD" box="[879,1112,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Glossiphonia elegans</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E31CAF8B3FB6A86CC" bold="true" box="[1221,1239,1911,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF96CA4E31E9F8B3FE9C86F2" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Helobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E31E9F8B3FF7F86F2" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Helobdella modesta</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3423F85EFE8286F1" bold="true" box="[300,319,1946,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF96CA4E3442F85EFD3E86F2" authority="Leidy" authorityName="Leidy" box="[333,643,1946,1969]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3442F85EFD9586F2" box="[333,552,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erpobdella punctata</emphasis>
(Leidy)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E3782F85EFD1D86F1" bold="true" box="[653,672,1946,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF96CA4E37A1F85EFC5F86F2" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[686,994,1946,1969]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF96CA4E37A1F85EFC3E86F2" box="[686,899,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11661BFF91CA493598FDFCFD4E8331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179886/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[351,1269,204,521]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA493598FDFCFD4E8331" blockId="12.[151,1436,568,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493598FDFCFEA48313" bold="true" box="[151,281,568,592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Pigmentation patterns in Newfoundland and Labrador
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF91CA493662FDFDFB1C830C" authority="Leidy" authorityName="Leidy" box="[877,1185,568,592]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493662FDFDFBF48313" box="[877,1097,569,592]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Erpobdella punctata</emphasis>
(Leidy)
</taxonomicName>
by PH.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA4931F4FDFCFA898313" bold="true" box="[1275,1332,568,592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">A–B,</emphasis>
Site 7,
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493086FDFCFA218313" bold="true" box="[1417,1436,568,592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
Sites 14–15,
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA49342EFD9FFE818330" bold="true" box="[289,316,603,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">D,</emphasis>
Sites 12, 13, 24;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA4934FAFD9FFDB38330" bold="true" box="[501,526,603,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E,</emphasis>
Site 10;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493761FD9FFD3E8330" bold="true" box="[622,643,603,627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">F,</emphasis>
Sites 1–2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" ID-Table-UUID="DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[159,1391,875,1391]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" blockId="12.[151,1435,707,765]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493598FD07FEB78398" bold="true" box="[151,266,707,731]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Normal and ‘Ringed’ specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF91CA493780FD07FC7C8399" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[655,961,707,730]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493780FD07FCD98399" box="[655,868,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
from the Grand River, Ontario, collected by J. Metcalfe-Smith, CCIW, and from Newfoundland and Labrador.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA493590FCDAFAD78276" blockId="12.[159,1386,798,855]" box="[159,1386,798,821]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Location Latitude Longitude Catalogue Number Catalogue Number</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA493693FC84FB6F87E0" blockId="12.[159,1386,798,855]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,1473,2019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Normal ‘Ringed’ The anatomy of ‘ringed’ forms was the same as normal specimens (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA4936D7FA05FB828498" box="[984,1087,1473,1499]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
). Verrill (1874) had described the large mouth (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA493453FA2DFE7C8740" box="[348,449,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
A), the presence of 4 pairs of eyes (2 labial and 2 buccal) (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA493166FA2DFB738740" box="[1129,1230,1513,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
B), the separation of the gonopores by 2 annuli (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA4934FAF9D5FDE78768" box="[501,602,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
D), the partial subdivision of some annuli (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA493140F9D5FB7D8768" box="[1103,1216,1553,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 6</figureCitation>
B, D, E, 7G, J), the large, raised anal orifice (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA4934CDF9FDFD9A8710" box="[450,551,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
E), and the spiraling of the ejaculatory ducts of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF91CA493156F9FDFAFE8711" box="[1113,1347,1593,1618]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF91CA493156F9FDFAFE8711" box="[1113,1347,1593,1618]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exiting the atrial cornua (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA493469F9A5FE768738" box="[358,459,1633,1659]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 6</figureCitation>
C, G). The anatomy of both varieties was very similar in these respects. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF91CA4935BAF94DFEDF87E0" author="Sawyer" box="[181,354,1673,1699]" pageId="12" pageNumber="20" refString="Sawyer, R. T. (1972) North American freshwater leeches, exclusive of the Piscicolidae, with a key to all species. Illinois Biological Monographs, 46. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Chicago and London. 154 pp." type="book" year="1972">Sawyer (1972)</bibRefCitation>
the most distinguishable feature of the species is subdivision of the annuli.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA493590FCAFFAD2840E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="F96EC433FF9135BA3590FCAFFAD2842C" box="[159,1391,875,1391]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FCAFFAD282E6" box="[159,1391,875,933]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FCAFFD7D82E6" box="[159,704,875,933]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Upper Lake Bellwood, Grand River, 43 0 49.83’N Ontario</th>
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFCAFFCD482E6" box="[741,873,875,933]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80 0 18.00’W</th>
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3693FCAFFBD682E6" box="[924,1131,875,933]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1983–0292 CMNA 1983–0293</th>
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFCAFFAD282E6" box="[1184,1391,875,933]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1984–0689 CMNA 1986–0125</th>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FC7CFAD28291" box="[159,1391,952,978]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FC7CFD7D8291" box="[159,704,952,978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Elora Gorge, Grand River, Ontario 43 0 39.75’N</th>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFC7CFCD48291" box="[741,873,952,978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80 0 27.00’W</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFC7CFAD28291" box="[1184,1391,952,978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1986–0131</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FC22FAD2855C" box="[159,1391,998,1055]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FC22FD7D855C" box="[159,704,998,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Winterbourne, Grand River, Ontario 43 0 33.60’N</th>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFC22FCD4855C" box="[741,873,998,1055]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80 0 28.60’W</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA3693FC22FBD6855C" box="[924,1131,998,1055]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1986–0114</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFC22FAD2855C" box="[1184,1391,998,1055]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1983–0294 CMNA 1986–0117</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FBF7FAD28596" box="[159,1391,1075,1237]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FBF7FD7D8596" box="[159,704,1075,1237]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Glen Morris, Grand River, Ontario 43 0 16’.70’N</th>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFBF7FCD48596" box="[741,873,1075,1237]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80 0 20.93’W</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA3693FBF7FBD68596" box="[924,1131,1075,1237]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1984–0693 CMNA 1984–0697 CMNA 1986–0122</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFBF7FAD28596" box="[1184,1391,1075,1237]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 1983–0295 CMNA 1984–0690 CMNA 1984–0694 CMNA 1984–0695 CMNA 1986–0121</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FB2CFAD285BC" box="[159,1391,1256,1279]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FB2CFD7D85BC" box="[159,704,1256,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Newfoundland (see text)</th>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFB2CFCD485BC" box="[741,873,1256,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(see text)</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA3693FB2CFBD685BC" box="[924,1131,1256,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 2006–0022</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFB2CFAD285BC" box="[1184,1391,1256,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 2006–0023</td>
</tr>
<tr id="355E34D1FF9135BA3590FAD7FAD2842C" box="[159,1391,1299,1391]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="768F5DADFF9135BA3590FAD7FD7D842C" box="[159,704,1299,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Labrador (see text)</th>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA37EAFAD7FCD4842C" box="[741,873,1299,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">(see text)</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA3693FAD7FBD6842C" box="[924,1131,1299,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 2006–0020 CMNA 2006–0019 CMNA 2006–0017</td>
<td id="768F5DADFF9135BA31AFFAD7FAD2842C" box="[1184,1391,1299,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CMNA 2006–0017 CMNA 2006–0016</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF91CA4835C9F975FD9A8199" blockId="12.[151,1437,1473,2019]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,378]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
In Ontario, The normal variety co-existed in the same locations as ‘ringed’ specimens (
<tableCitation id="C6EC0328FF91CA4931CAF975FA9D8788" box="[1221,1312,1713,1739]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,707,731]" captionTargetBox="[159,1391,875,1391]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Normal and ‘ Ringed’ specimens of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from the Grand River, Ontario, collected by J. Metcalfe-Smith, CCIW, and from Newfoundland and Labrador." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="DF11661BFF91CA493598FD07FCEB83BE">Table 3</tableCitation>
). Intermediate forms were also noted. High magnification reveals that normal specimens have anastomosing patches of dark color dispersed all over the dermis, and the furrows of the annuli are colored (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA493167F8C5FB738658" box="[1128,1230,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Figure
<date id="FFD01053FF91CA4931B1F8C5FB738658" box="[1214,1230,1793,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">7</date>
</figureCitation>
I, J). The patterns were different in ‘ringed’ specimens, with pigment restricted to the furrows of the annuli, as well as between subdivisions of the annuli (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF91CA4934D5F895FD828628" box="[474,575,1873,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 7</figureCitation>
G, H). Colors of live ‘ringed’ specimens in Ontario were recorded using the Naturalist’s Colour Guide (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF91CA493708F8BDFD1986D0" author="Smithe" box="[519,676,1913,1939]" pageId="12" pageNumber="21" refString="Smithe, F. B. (1975) Naturalist's color guide. Part 1. The American Museum of Natural History, New York. 22 pp." type="book" year="1975">Smithe 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Background color varies between clay (color 26); smoke gray (color 45); buff (color 124); and tawny olive (color 223D). The rings were either black, plumbeous (color 78) or glaucous (color 79) respectively. The stomach contents of the ‘ringed’ specimens were analyzed by J. Metcalfe-Smith in May, and July, 1983, and included mostly insect larvae: chironomids, simulids, diptereans, ephemeropterans, plus 1 ostracod.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF90CA4835C9FF2CFBA78039" blockId="13.[151,1436,152,378]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
In addition to the
<specimenCount id="9D68FD1AFF90CA483499FF2CFD9A8041" box="[406,551,232,258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
in Newfoundland and
<specimenCount id="9D68FD1AFF90CA48363BFF2CFC6F8041" box="[820,978,232,258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">14 specimens</specimenCount>
in Labrador, another
<specimenCount id="9D68FD1AFF90CA4831DFFF2CFAC08041" box="[1232,1405,232,258]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="generic">150 specimens</specimenCount>
in Ontario were examined (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF90CA4834B7FED4FD978069" box="[440,554,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,434,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Grand river, Ontario. A – E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984 – 0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988. A, Anterior, ventral view; B, Anterior, dorsal view; C, Closeup of seminal vesicle; D, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli; E, Posterior dorsal view; F, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right); G, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF90CA483738FED4FDF58069" box="[567,584,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</figureCitation>
). Mean length of preserved ‘ringed’ specimens were consistently longer, as follows: Ontario ‘ringed’
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA4834FCFEFCFDE48011" box="[499,601,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.61">3.61 cm</quantity>
, normal
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA4837C8FEFCFC948011" box="[711,809,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.81" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="2.81">2.81 cm</quantity>
; Newfoundland ‘ringed’
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA483151FEFCFB798011" box="[1118,1220,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.41" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="7.41">7.41 cm</quantity>
, normal
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA48303DFEFCFA2A8011" box="[1330,1431,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.89" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.89">3.89 cm</quantity>
; Labrador ‘ringed’
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA483460FEA4FE6D8039" box="[367,464,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.68" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="6.68">6.68 cm</quantity>
, normal
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA483739FEA4FD2A8039" box="[566,663,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="3.75">3.75 cm</quantity>
, and intermediate forms
<quantity id="4C969B76FF90CA4836B5FEA4FBAB8039" box="[954,1046,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.01" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="cm" value="5.01">5.01cm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF11661BFF90CA483598F972FD8B8683" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179887/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[297,1290,461,1660]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF90CA483598F972FD8B8683" blockId="13.[151,1436,1718,1984]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA483598F972FEA1878D" bold="true" box="[151,284,1718,1742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF90CA48342AF973FDE6878E" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[293,603,1718,1742]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA48342AF973FE41878D" box="[293,508,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
from Grand river, Ontario. A–E, G: Drawings by Susan Laurie-Bourque of CMNA 1984–0689. F by Peter Frank using Kodachrome film in May 1988.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA4836B0F91DFC6F87B2" bold="true" box="[959,978,1753,1777]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
, Anterior, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA4831D9F91DFB5587B2" bold="true" box="[1238,1256,1753,1777]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
, Anterior, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA4835D7F93FFF568650" bold="true" box="[216,235,1787,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
, Closeup of seminal vesicle;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA48372CF93FFD8B8650" bold="true" box="[547,566,1787,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
, Well-developed male and female gonopores located between annuli;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA483012F93FFA928650" bold="true" box="[1309,1327,1787,1811]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
, Posterior dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA483410F8DAFE908675" bold="true" box="[287,301,1822,1846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
, Photographs of two preserved leeches comparing the two color variations (ringed form on left and normal form on right);
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF90CA483435F885FEF1861A" bold="true" box="[314,332,1857,1881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
, Dorsal view of dissected reproductive organs. The right side of the testes and spermduct are omitted on the right side. Broken lines show cut ends of organs. a, atrium; ejd, ejaculatory duct; ep, epididymis; fg, female gonopores; mg, male gonopores; lft, large follicles of testisacs; t, testisac; mft, multifollicular testisacs; nc, nerve chord. Ganglia are numbered in Roman numerals.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF11661BFF93CA4B3598FC42FD58851E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4B3598FC42FD58851E" blockId="14.[151,1436,902,1117]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3598FC42FEA582DD" bold="true" box="[151,280,902,926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Pigmentation patterns of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B3724FC43FCE382DE" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[555,862,902,926]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3724FC43FD1E82DD" box="[555,675,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Erpobdella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B37A6FC43FD4282DD" box="[681,767,903,926]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">obscura</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
. A–F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland:
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B341DFC62FE9882FD" bold="true" box="[274,293,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
, Site 28;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3480FC62FE1C82FD" bold="true" box="[399,417,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
, Sites 22, 23;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3732FC62FDED82FD" bold="true" box="[573,592,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
, Site 21;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B37B5FC62FD7082FD" bold="true" box="[698,717,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
, Site 29;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3639FC62FCF582FD" bold="true" box="[822,840,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
, Site 18;
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B36BCFC62FC7C82FD" bold="true" box="[947,961,934,958]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
, Site 7. G–J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B37B8FC03FC54829E" authority="Verrill" authorityName="Verrill" box="[695,1001,966,990]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B37B8FC03FC31829D" box="[695,908,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
(Verrill)
</taxonomicName>
from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B36B8FC22FC7482BD" bold="true" box="[951,969,998,1022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006–0023.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B376CFBC2FDCA855D" bold="true" box="[611,631,1030,1054]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006– 0 0 20.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B35D6FBE2FF5E857D" bold="true" box="[217,227,1062,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006–0018.
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B314FFBE2FBF0857D" bold="true" box="[1088,1101,1062,1086]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA2006–0018.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4B35C9FB75FC9384F8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1201,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
In Newfoundland and Labrador, some
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B379BFB75FC3D8589" box="[660,896,1201,1226]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B379BFB75FC3D8589" box="[660,896,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens had normal pigmentation patterns as figured by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B3430FB1DFD2785B0" author="Klemm" box="[319,666,1241,1267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Klemm, D. J. (1985) Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudina). In Klemm, D. J. (Ed), A Guide to the Freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaea, and Hirudina) of North America. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 70 - 173." type="book chapter" year="1985">Klemm (1985: Figure 7.103)</bibRefCitation>
such as those found in sites 18 and 21 (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF93CA4B3187FB1DFB4D85B0" box="[1160,1264,1241,1267]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7</figureCitation>
C). Specimens from sites 7 and 29 were unique ‘ringed’ forms (dark interannuli) (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF93CA4B36CAFAC5FB918458" box="[965,1068,1281,1307]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7</figureCitation>
D, F). Secondary intra-annular segmentation occurred in two to four adjacent annuli per segment which were also very dark, and extended partly into the ventrum. Both ‘ringed’ and normal specimens cohabited at site 28. Intermediate forms occurred at sites 22, 23, and 28 with both spots and rings (
<figureCitation id="13552A16FF93CA4B37D3FABDFCFC84D0" box="[732,833,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,255,902,926]" captionTargetBox="[281,1287,188,829]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[264,1323,166,878]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pigmentation patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill). A – F are illustrations by PH from Labrador and Newfoundland: A, Site 28; B, Sites 22, 23; C, Site 21; D, Site 29; E, Site 18; F, Site 7. G – J are microscope photographs of typical examples of ringed and mottled patterns of Erpobdella obscura (Verrill) from Newfoundland and Labrador compared to specimens from the Grand River, Ontario. Scale bars are in mm. G, closeup of midportion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0023. H, anterior portion of ringed specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0 0 20. I, anterior portion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMNA 2006 – 0018. J, closeup of midportion of mottled specimen from Newfoundland, CMCA 2006 – 0018." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/179888/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figure 7</figureCitation>
A, B). The ‘ringed’ form has not been found in the Great Basin (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B343EFA65FE6084F8" author="Hovingh" box="[305,477,1441,1467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Hovingh, P. (2004) Erpobdella (Dina) parva complex (Annelida: Hirudinea: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdellidae): additional description of Erpobdella parva, E. dubia, and E. lahontana and taxonomic revision. Hydrobiologia, 517, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="2004">Hovingh 2004</bibRefCitation>
) or noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B3776FA65FC9784F8" author="Klemm" box="[633,810,1441,1467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Klemm, D. J. (1985) Freshwater leeches (Annelida: Hirudina). In Klemm, D. J. (Ed), A Guide to the Freshwater Annelida (Polychaeta, Naidid and Tubificid Oligochaea, and Hirudina) of North America. Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 70 - 173." type="book chapter" year="1985">Klemm (1985)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4B35C9FA0DFA9B87E8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1201,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B35C9FA0DFE3584A0" bold="true" box="[198,392,1481,1507]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Survey Results.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B3480FA0DFDDB84A0" author="Pawlowski" box="[399,614,1481,1507]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Pawlowski, L. K. (1948) Contribution a la connaissance des sangsues (Hirudinea) de la Nouvelle- Ecosse, de Terre - Neuve et des iles francaises Saint-Pierre et Miquelon. Fragmenta Faunistica Musei Zoologici Polonici, 5 (# 20), 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1948">Pawlowski (1948)</bibRefCitation>
noted that of the 58 stations surveyed in Newfoundland, leeches were found in only 14 sites (24%). In the 2004 survey which was only concerned with leech distribution, 19 sites in Newfoundland and 10 sites in Labrador were surveyed. Leeches were found at 13 sites (68%) in Newfoundland Island and in 7 sites (70%) in Labrador. The success of the 2004 survey is attributed to selecting sites with abundant rocks and logs and vegetative growth which looked “good” for leech collecting. Five species were common to both surveys, with
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B374DF955FCB287E9" box="[578,783,1681,1706]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Alboglossiphonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B374DF955FCB287E9" box="[578,783,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Alboglossiphonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B3647F955FC6587E9" box="[840,984,1681,1706]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Theromyzon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3647F955FC6587E9" box="[840,984,1681,1706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Theromyzon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found in one of the surveys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4B35C9F97DFE678660" blockId="14.[151,1437,1201,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
No
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B35FAF97DFE3E8790" box="[245,387,1721,1747]" class="Clitellata" family="Piscicolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Piscicolidae</taxonomicName>
(fish leeches) were caught in any of the surveys, but there is a chance that piscicolid leeches may exist in the study area since the preferred method of collection for this group is to look for these leeches on their host fishes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4B35C9F8F5FB3C86D8" blockId="14.[151,1437,1201,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A casual mention of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B34B1F8F5FD128609" box="[446,687,1841,1866]" class="Clitellata" family="Hirudinidae" genus="Macrobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B34B1F8F5FD128609" box="[446,687,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrobdella decora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Labrador (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B365EF8F5FC588608" author="Moore" box="[849,997,1841,1867]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Moore, J. P. (1923) The control of blood-sucking leeches with an account of the leeches of Palisades Interstate Park. Roosevelt Wild Life Bulletin, 2, 9 - 53." type="journal article" year="1923">Moore 1923</bibRefCitation>
) is not substantiated in any literature records, nor was this species found in any surveys. Also, the single report of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B3121F89DFAE78630" authority="Blanchard 1896" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1896" box="[1070,1370,1881,1907]" class="Clitellata" family="Hirudinidae" genus="Hirudo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B3121F89DFB3E8631" box="[1070,1155,1881,1906]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hirudo</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF93CA4B319CF89DFAEF8630" author="Blanchard" box="[1171,1362,1881,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Blanchard, R. (1896) Courtes notices sur les Hirudinees. XXIII. Hirudinees de Terre-Neuve et des iles adjacentes. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 21, 137 - 141." type="journal article" year="1896">Blanchard 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Newfoundland Island suggests that this species does not reproduce in Newfoundland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF93CA4A35C9F86DFAE78011" blockId="14.[151,1437,1201,2027]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Newfoundland and Labrador leeches include the widely distributed and common leeches
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B300FF86DFF4C86A9" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Glossiphonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B300FF86DFF4C86A9" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Glossiphonia elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B340CF815FE4F86A9" box="[259,498,2001,2026]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Helobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B340CF815FE4F86A9" box="[259,498,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Helobdella modesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B370BF815FD4786A9" box="[516,762,2001,2026]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B370BF815FD4786A9" box="[516,762,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Erpobdella punctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF93CA4B364DF815FB9286A9" box="[834,1071,2001,2026]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF93CA4B364DF815FB9286A9" box="[834,1071,2001,2026]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Erpobdella obscura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These were the only leeches found in Labrador. Two widespread taxa in North
<collectingCountry id="F3797603FF92CA4A37FEFF5CFCEB81F1" box="[753,854,152,178]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
were found at one location each:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A31E0FF5CFAC281F2" box="[1263,1407,152,177]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Theromyzon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A31E0FF5CFAC281F2" box="[1263,1407,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Theromyzon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a waterfowl leech, and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A349DFF04FDDC819A" box="[402,609,192,217]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A349DFF04FDDC819A" box="[402,609,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Erpobdella parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting a confinement of movement on Newfoundland.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A302AFF04FEA68042" class="Clitellata" family="Haemopidae" genus="Haemopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="marmorata">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A302AFF04FEA68042" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Haemopis marmorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found at 3 sites by surveys and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A37CAFF2CFCFE8042" box="[709,835,232,257]" class="Clitellata" family="Haemopidae" genus="Haemopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A37CAFF2CFCFE8042" box="[709,835,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A3674FF2CFBED8042" box="[891,1104,232,257]" class="Clitellata" family="Haemopidae" genus="Haemopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lateromaculata">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A3674FF2CFBED8042" box="[891,1104,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. lateromaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were noted only in museum collections. Future
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A3476FED4FE4D806A" box="[377,496,272,297]" class="Clitellata" family="Haemopidae" genus="Haemopis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A3476FED4FE4D806A" box="[377,496,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Haemopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
surveys with baited traps would assist in determining the ranges of these 3 species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A35DCFEFCFD988012" box="[211,549,312,337]" class="Clitellata" family="Glossiphoniidae" genus="Alboglossiphonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="heteroclita">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A35DCFEFCFD988012" box="[211,549,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alboglossiphonia heteroclita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D10FF92CA4A3751FEFCFC818012" box="[606,828,312,337]" class="Clitellata" family="Erpobdellidae" genus="Erpobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A3751FEFCFC818012" box="[606,828,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Erpobdella fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were only noted in literature from 1 site each.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD13693FF92CA4A3598FBC9FC41873C" blockId="15.[151,1436,1037,1663]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A3598FBC9FEA78566" bold="true" box="[151,282,1037,1061]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Postglacial events that explain the presence of leeches in Newfoundland and Labrador, adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF92CA4A306DFBCAFF60850F" author="Dyke" pageId="15" pageNumber="19" refString="Dyke, A. S. (2004) An outline of North American deglaciation with emphasis on central and northern Canada. In Ehlers, J. &amp; Gibbard, P. L. (Ed), Quaternary Glaciations- Extent and Chronology, Part II: North America. Elsevier Publications, Amsterdam, 373 - 424." type="book chapter" year="2004">Dyke (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B62FF92CA4A341DFBF1FDBA850F" box="[274,519,1075,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="20" refString="Occhietti, S., Govare, E., Klassen, R., Parent, M. &amp; Vincent, J. - S. (2004) Late Wisconsinan - Early Holocene deglaciation of Quebec-Labrador. In Ehlers, J. &amp; Gibbard, P. L. (Ed), Quaternary Glaciations- Extent and Chronology, Part II: North America. Elsevier Publications, Amsterdam, 243 - 273." type="book chapter">
Occhietti
<emphasis id="B91AEA81FF92CA4A3474FBF7FE0B850F" box="[379,438,1075,1100]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2004)
</bibRefCitation>
. Panel A. Barrier events: the Laurentian Channel and the northward Esquiman Channel (unlabeled) with its
<quantity id="4C969B76FF92CA4A349AFB9FFDBD8531" box="[405,512,1115,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="200.0">200 meter</quantity>
depth contour; #1, the Strait of Belle Isle with glacial and marine blockage and possible land bridge; #2, the Jacques
<collectingCountry id="F3797603FF92CA4A34F6FB44FDFE85D4" box="[505,579,1152,1175]" name="Ashmore and Cartier Islands" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cartier</collectingCountry>
Passage with glacial and marine blockage and possible land bridge; #3, North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence ice sheet blockage; #4, St. Lawrence River glacial blockage. Late Glacial Maximum refugia include A, St Pierre Bank (
<quantity id="4C969B76FF92CA4A371FFB0FFDCC85A1" box="[528,625,1227,1250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="49.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="38.0">38–60 m</quantity>
below sea level); B, Green Bank(
<quantity id="4C969B76FF92CA4A36ECFB0FFBFF85A1" box="[995,1090,1227,1250]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 m</quantity>
below sea level); and C, Grand Bank (
<quantity id="4C969B76FF92CA4A35D2FB34FE808444" box="[221,317,1264,1287]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="72.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="70.0">70–75 m</quantity>
below sea level) off the southern coast of Newfoundland. The shaded areas are land when the minimum sea level was at -
<quantity id="4C969B76FF92CA4A3446FAD2FE33846E" box="[329,398,1302,1325]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
during the Last Glacial Maximum and the heavy solid line is the
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contour of the present sea level. The ice sheets are denoted by a heavy dotted line at 18,000 years BP (not labeled) associated in part with the -
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contour; the thick dashed line on the Grand Banks is the limit of a 14,000 years BP glacial lobe (unlabeled); the dashed line at 11,000 years BP, and the thin dashed line at years 9000 years BP (both labeled). Light dots denote provincial boundaries. Panel B. Scheme showing hypothetical movement of leeches through time in Newfoundland and Labrador regions: (1) Colonization of Newfoundland from Labrador before 70,000 years BP; (2) colonization of the Grand Banks from Newfoundland after 50,000 years BP; (3) colonization of Newfoundland from the Grand Banks 13,000 to 11,000 years BP; (4) the return colonization of Labrador and the North Shore 11,000 to 10,000 years BP; (5) and the colonization of Île d’Anticosti from the North shore and the colonization of Île de la Madeleine from Prince Edward Island (PE) after 10,000 years BP; and (6) the colonization of Sable Island from Nova
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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