138 lines
17 KiB
XML
138 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="E138E8EF521C11988D23988A3A34690D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140" ID-CLB-Dataset="32975" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.583183" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583183" ID-ZooBank="2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495696370209" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jong, Rienk De" docDate="2017" docId="03AA87D32869FFFEF7F0FCE1FC15B788" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4270.1.1SLASH11140.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4270 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nymphalites zeuneri" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="42" masterDocId="FF93FFAB2840FFD7F767FF87FFA3B03E" masterDocTitle="Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698439901205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="CA5D81C8983CE7EA0677378C1AB4F76B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="FF127498B618427EC924BAC09E812209">
|
|
<mods:title id="A4AF2CEA8884E7209E02F7E26DB408D7">Fossil butterflies, calibration points and the molecular clock (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="B7806FD9343F5BD14C6EC9B34D1ABE40" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="429D46940FC87D682DF7B9A05FD46EB4">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="BA8D69E6F5319F9607D891018FC94A04">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="5EADA8B8EE25A8541B3BA294B142682A">Jong, Rienk De</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="518D3ADC72AD0231ADA7481F6064A08F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="2CB110B4416A91FA6322E36709586FF8" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="3069F7722E5A15ACA3DFACDF064B96A2">
|
|
<mods:title id="D4B5D8FF235073C6EF82BDBE40AD0D3B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="6C6675DFF3B98B4B705A0E6A4D444CB9">
|
|
<mods:date id="BFECB6859360061B590D95518D05AA4C">2017</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="017F18F7B639887697A44DB376C5B5D5" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="40A6CEC0DD7759C330EBB0F1D02D1EB4">4270</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="8F34D6785C6C4BFA2796185746999FD3" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="5E46BB7CEDF2383F2A9D90898AB1D930">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="35E5AD890968E09C66BEE2F7CBF2CA62" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="CE405157447B67DEBF21FD0D337ED6CC">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="BDB30275B544D9FF617F67FFC7D6D982">63</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="63133DF1767B70AF22583760F564D40F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="6FDD949525BD58DC4E02AFECD1F4309F" type="CLB-Dataset">32975</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="7A54D2CC722FBF48A3B7EB2F137D653F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.583183</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="4BA8036997FCD396FFE0E7F99CE00339" type="GBIF-Dataset">6c479acc-8b18-4f0b-a6e5-85bcd6d7b6b7</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="32AF91EAF367425DD336CABB757AE2B4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="7FC917F2AC86601BE4958C49FAAF2827" type="Zenodo-Dep">583183</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="72F75116DADBE02D0380F89B1CCF5645" type="ZooBank">2D00AFF5-4FE2-4EC1-A328-C8670CFB8D6D</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03AA87D32869FFFEF7F0FCE1FC15B788" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6047080" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6047080" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA87D32869FFFEF7F0FCE1FC15B788" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA87D32869FFFEF7F0FCE1FC15B788" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C319654E2869FFFEF7F0FCE1FE95B3F8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7F0FCE1FD5EB3BE" blockId="41.[151,765,870,896]" box="[151,765,870,896]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<heading id="D0F481A92869FFFEF7F0FCE1FD5EB3BE" bold="true" box="[151,765,870,896]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF7F0FCE1FD5EB3BE" bold="true" box="[151,765,870,896]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF7F0FCE1FF5BB3BE" bold="true" box="[151,248,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF7F0FCE1FF50B3BE" ID-CoL="486HR" box="[151,243,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nymphalites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeuneri">zeuneri</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF798FCE1FD5EB3BE" authority="Jarzembowski, 1980" authorityName="Jarzembowski" authorityYear="1980" box="[255,765,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nymphalites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zeuneri">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF798FCE1FE5BB3BE" bold="true" box="[255,504,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Nymphalites zeuneri</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF699FCE1FD5EB3BE" author="Jarzembowski" box="[510,765,870,896]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Jarzembowski, E. A. (1980) Fossil insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 33, 237 - 293." type="journal article" year="1980">Jarzembowski, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7F0FC2AFE95B3F8" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" box="[151,310,941,966]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF7F0FC2AFE91B3F8" box="[151,306,941,966]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C319654E2869FFFEF7A0FC56FC15B788" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0FC56FC44B3D7" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" box="[199,999,977,1002]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B6B3C982869FFFEF7A0FC56FC44B3D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739262" box="[199,999,977,1002]" country="United Kingdom" location="Isle of Wight" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Isle of Wight">
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F31476552869FFFEF7A0FC56FE84B3D4" box="[199,295,977,1002]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">England</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingRegion id="49C7F8272869FFFEF655FC56FE6BB3D4" box="[306,456,977,1002]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Wight" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Isle of Wight</collectingRegion>
|
|
, Bembridge Marls; late Priabonian, late Eocene.
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0FC72FC0CB430" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" box="[199,943,1013,1038]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Depository: BMNH (holotype, no. I.10384; counterpart holotype).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0FB9EFA26B40C" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" box="[199,1413,1049,1074]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
Published figures:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF6FEFB9EFCE7B40C" author="Jarzembowski" box="[409,836,1049,1074]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Jarzembowski, E. A. (1980) Fossil insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 33, 237 - 293." type="journal article" year="1980">Jarzembowski (1980: Figs 72, 75, 76)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF437FB9DFA23B40C" author="Murata" box="[848,1408,1049,1074]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Murata, Y. (1998) Notes on the evolutionary process of butterflies and butterfly fossils. Butterflies, 20 (part 1 & 2), 4 - 17 & 27 - 40. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
|
Murata (1998: Fig. 6, as
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF302FB9EFAD7B40C" box="[1125,1396,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Protoeuthalia brittanica</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0FBBAFB3BB548" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">This specimen consists of remains of both pairs of wings. The forewing: cell closed; probable radial vein formula 1, 2, 3+(4+5), but of R3-R5 only the common stem and an indication of the first forking remains, since the rest of the apical region is lacking and it cannot be decided if all radial veins were present, or whether R4 or R5 had become obsolete. M1 from anterior apical corner of cell, M2 closer to M1 than to M3; udc absent, mdc concave to termen, ldc straight; Cu trifid (CuA2, CuA1, M3); 1A+2A faintly discernible, single, basal third invisible because of superimposed hindwing. Hindwing: margins missing except for basal part of anterior margin; cell open; humeral vein straight, unforked, from fork of Sc+R, directed toward humerus. Area between Sc and anterior margin apparently narrow; Sc straight except basally, but greater part missing. M2 closer to M1 than to M3. One anal vein visible, but anal area largely missing. Traces of crescent-shaped markings on the underside.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0FA06FD03B73C" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
According to the original description the specimen is medium-sized; length of forewing cell
|
|
<quantity id="4CFB9B202869FFFEF393FA06FAFEB5A7" box="[1268,1373,1409,1434]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
|
|
. This species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF66AFA22FE07B580" box="[269,420,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is close to the extant species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF469FA21FBFEB580" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[782,1117,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Neurosigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siva">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF469FA21FC69B583" box="[782,970,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Neurosigma siva</emphasis>
|
|
(Westwood)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF30FFA22FADDB580" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1128,1406,1445,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Abrota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mirus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF30FFA22FB5FB583" box="[1128,1276,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abrota mirus</emphasis>
|
|
(Fabricius)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of tropical Asia and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF638FA4EFCF0B5DC" authority="Doubleday & Hewitson" authorityName="Doubleday & Hewitson" box="[351,851,1481,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theobene">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF638FA4EFD9EB5DC" box="[351,573,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Cymothoe theobene</emphasis>
|
|
Doubleday & Hewitson
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, now placed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF362FA4DFBF7B5DF" box="[1029,1108,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Harma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF362FA4DFBF7B5DF" box="[1029,1108,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Harma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, of Africa, in wing form and venation. However, since the wing margins are almost entirely missing, we can only speculate on the wing form and the short, broad wing tail between M2 and M3 of the hindwing in Fig. 75 of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF324F996FA94B614" author="Jarzembowski" box="[1091,1335,1553,1578]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Jarzembowski, E. A. (1980) Fossil insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 33, 237 - 293." type="journal article" year="1980">Jarzembowski (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
is likely speculation of the artist who made the drawing, since the margin cannot be reconstructed from the fossil. The open hindwing cell is an apomorphy of part of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF5AEF9DEFCC7B64C" box="[713,868,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Notably, it is the only character on which the assignment of the fossil to the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF50DF9FAFCA2B6A8" box="[618,769,1661,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be based. The radial branches in the forewing are incomplete, but what can be seen does not contradict an affinity to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF4DFF926FBF1B684" box="[952,1106,1697,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, at the same time this feature does not prove that it is a member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF5F1F942FC8EB6E0" box="[662,813,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF4ECF942FB81B6E0" box="[907,1058,1733,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
generally have a plesiomorphic condition for the branching of the radial veins.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BBC36C52869FFFEF7A0F88AFC15B788" blockId="41.[151,1437,941,1974]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
|
The fossil was mentioned by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF57EF889FD1FB718" author="Zeuner" box="[537,700,1805,1830]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Zeuner, F. E. (1961) Notes on the evolution of the Rhopalocera (Lep.). Ferhandlungen des XI. Internationalen Kongresses fur Entomologie, 1 (1960), 310 - 313." type="journal article" year="1961">Zeuner (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
without description, except that it was "so closely related to the recent genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C034D462869FFFEF656F8B6FDE6B774" box="[305,581,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euthalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF656F8B6FE31B774" box="[305,402,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Euthalia</emphasis>
|
|
(Nymphalidae)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
that it could easily be placed there." He added that "The description will shortly be published elsewhere." This did not happen until 19 years later by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF366F8D2FB54B750" author="Jarzembowski" box="[1025,1271,1877,1902]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Jarzembowski, E. A. (1980) Fossil insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 33, 237 - 293." type="journal article" year="1980">Jarzembowski (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. It is not clear where the names
|
|
<emphasis id="B977EAD72869FFFEF638F8FEFDD2B7AC" box="[351,625,1913,1938]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Protoeuthalia brittanica</emphasis>
|
|
, used by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B342869FFFEF585F8FDFC25B7AC" author="Murata" box="[738,902,1914,1938]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refString="Murata, Y. (1998) Notes on the evolutionary process of butterflies and butterfly fossils. Butterflies, 20 (part 1 & 2), 4 - 17 & 27 - 40. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1998">Murata (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
for this fossil, originates from. Possibly it is a manuscript name; apparently, the name is an objective junior synonym.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |