276 lines
42 KiB
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276 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="A44F63412269C2D7747372C4B55EE36D" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.221.3.3" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13633453" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725322356752" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wengrat, Simone, Marquardt, Gisele C., Bicudo, Denise C., Bicudo, Carlos E. De M., Wetzel, Carlos E. & Ector, Luc" docDate="2015" docId="03AA8780FFFF1165FF1F42EAFC08BCD2" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.221.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 221 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.221.3.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FF93FFF8FFF81162FF974308FFBDBB2B" masterDocTitle="Type analysis of Cymbella schubartii and two new Encyonopsis species (Bacillariophyceae) from southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1725323206292" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7276A5272907447CA99A52D4BD8989BF">Type analysis of Cymbella schubartii and two new Encyonopsis species (Bacillariophyceae) from southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="922DE42A80B042D66186CFD3A9409038">Wengrat, Simone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F9755CCCD5F0E2A48E191A98AD9FECE0">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E2C8B52C9559B4043E698679EF6FEEE">Marquardt, Gisele C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="68882BEB01165B0060D517F9C762C1FE">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4BF3166853A52AB062ACAF7DC680E821">Bicudo, Denise C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DBCF39D407AE7C183225D54C46133E4">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A2DB0569F4BB0F0BF2CF6F1731E0DBAF">Bicudo, Carlos E. De M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E658AD0DFA6286070AF786FD0216F0AA">Instituto de Botânica, Department of Ecology, Av. Miguel Estéfano 3687, 04301 - 012 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="366122AB16320D02B16633FD109C15E7">Wetzel, Carlos E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6F0FEB1430E97BC7DD988AD34DFF2E4E">Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Grand-duchy of Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B62F270A1E15BD6FFBB4EA26198FA32B">Ector, Luc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="83C09302F20DB7F71661C29BD8A6B991">Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Environmental Research & Innovation (ERIN) Department, 41 rue du Brill, L- 4422 Belvaux, Grand-duchy of Luxembourg</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2DB96487C34FC1AB42A99E80E2A20E0D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FD3DBAC04FB5C6E6A9F05276A5A0C8D0">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03AA8780FFFF1165FF1F42EAFC08BCD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13633535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA8780FFFF1165FF1F42EAFC08BCD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA8780FFFF1165FF1F42EAFC08BCD2" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
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<heading id="D0F481FAFFFF1165FF1F42EAFB3ABAD6" bold="true" box="[136,1159,482,509]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FF1F42EAFC37BAD6" authority="Wengrat, Marquardt & C.E. Wetzel" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[136,906,482,509]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF1F42EAFE6FBAD6" bold="true" box="[136,466,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
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Wengrat, Marquardt & C.E. Wetzel
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,
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<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FC0142EBFC5ABAD6" bold="true" box="[918,999,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FC6A42ECFBC2BAD6" box="[1021,1151,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 36–54</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF1F4121FE31B8EB" blockId="7.[136,1452,553,960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
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Light microscopy (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FECC4121FE60B96B" box="[347,477,553,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 36–50</figureCitation>
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): valves slightly asymmetric, slightly dorsiventral, elliptic-lanceolate, dorsal and ventral margins slightly convex. Apices rounded, rostrate, mostly slightly curved to the ventral margin. Length 21.4–32.0 μm, width 5.2–6.5 μm, l/w ratio 4.1–5.4. Axial area moderately narrow, lanceolate, gradually widening towards the median region of valve. Central area absent. Raphe branches straight or faintly undulate, linear, approximately in the median region of the valve; proximal ends slightly rounded, dorsally bent; terminal fissures indistinct or ventrally bent. Striae almost parallel to weakly radiate in the center, becoming radiate towards the apices. Dorsal striae
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<quantity id="4CFB9B73FFFF1165FC4241C1FB98B9CB" box="[981,1061,713,736]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
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10 μm, ventral striae
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<quantity id="4CFB9B73FFFF1165FA9C41C1FAE6B9CB" box="[1291,1371,713,736]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" metricValueMax="2.794" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" unit="in" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9–11 in</quantity>
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10 μm, at the ends 10–11 (12) striae in 10 μm; areolae not discernible in LM; stigmoid absent. Scanning electron microscopy (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FAEB41E1FF72B80B" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 51–54</figureCitation>
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): striae uniseriate composed by elongate foramina appearing as narrow slits (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FC684001FBC6B80B" box="[1023,1147,777,800]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 51–52</figureCitation>
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), turning shorter towards the apices. Stigmoid absent. Raphe slightly sinuous externally, curved to the dorsal side at the center, terminating in expanded, very weakly deflected pores (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FE5D4041FDA1B84B" box="[458,540,841,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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); terminal fissures hooked towards the ventral margin (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FBEE4041FB76B84B" box="[1145,1227,841,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
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). Inner raphe fissure straight, with an intermissio near the central nodule (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FD564061FCAFB8AB" box="[705,786,873,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
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). Distal raphe endings terminating in helictoglossae (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FAD84061FA22B8AB" box="[1359,1439,873,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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). Internal areolae: struts provide structural support to the foramen, whose opening bears three spines at each side (
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<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FAD94081FA22B88B" box="[1358,1439,905,928]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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). 34–36 areolae in 10 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C319651DFFFF1165FF1F40FAFC34BF64" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF1F40FAFC34BF64" blockId="7.[136,1452,1010,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF1F40FAFF7FBF2C" bold="true" box="[136,194,1010,1031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Type:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3147606FFFF1165FF4C40FAFE89BF2C" box="[219,308,1010,1031]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F874FFFF1165FEAA40FAFE1FBF2C" box="[317,418,1010,1031]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Billings Reservoir, Rio Pequeno branch,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE375051FFFF1165FCAF40FAFC00BF2C" box="[824,957,1010,1031]" degrees="23" direction="south" minutes="47.027" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-23.783783">23° 47.027’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE375051FFFF1165FC5F40FAFBEBBF2C" box="[968,1110,1010,1031]" degrees="46" direction="west" minutes="26.188" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" precision="1" value="-46.436466">46° 26.188’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FBF740FAFF50BF00" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
S. Wengrat & D. Bicudo,
|
||
<date id="FFBD1056FFFF1165FAC040FAFF50BF00" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" value="2009-08-06">6 August 2009</date>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B88834FFFF1165FF6D471EFEEDBF00" box="[250,336,1046,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
SP!, slide 401589, Herbário Científico do Estado Maria Eneyda P. Kauffmann Fidalgo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F874FFFF1165FB32471EFAB4BF00" box="[1189,1289,1046,1067]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Brazil, depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FF414732FEF9BF64" box="[214,324,1082,1103]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 36–50</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B88834FFFF1165FEDA4732FE29BF64" box="[333,404,1082,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="isotype">Isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED12AE53FFFF1165FE0D4732FE7CBF64" box="[410,449,1082,1103]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">BR</collectionCode>
|
||
!, slide 4422, Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C319651DFFFF1165FF1F4788FAA9BDF2" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF1F4788FC68BFB2" blockId="7.[136,1452,1152,2041]" box="[136,981,1152,1177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF1F4788FEAEBFB2" bold="true" box="[136,275,1152,1177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—From
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F874FFFF1165FEE54788FD98BFB2" box="[370,549,1152,1177]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">São Paulo State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, where the collecting sites are located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF2A47ACFB81BE66" blockId="7.[136,1452,1152,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF2A47ACFDACBF96" bold="true" box="[189,529,1188,1213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Morphological examination:</emphasis>
|
||
—The benthic populations from Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir showed more stable morphological characteristics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FE7547C0FDD8BFCA" box="[482,613,1224,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 36–40</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the populations from Billings Reservoir included some smaller individuals, some of them with more symmetrical valves and more extended apices, and some others with more asymmetrical valves, with shortened subrostrate apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13382A13FFFF1165FD6F4618FCC4BE02" box="[760,889,1296,1321]" captionStart="FIGURES 36–54" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,190,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@8.[170,1417,190,1894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36–54. Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. 36–40. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline of the Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir population. 41–54. Type material of Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis. All pictures taken from the holotype population (SP401589). Light and scanning electron micrographs. 41–50. LM views showing variation in size and valve outline. 51. SEM external view of areolae and central area. 52. SEM external view of entire valve showing the raphe and striae structure. 53. SEM internal view of central area. Note the intermissio. 54. SEM internal detail of valve apex with helictoglossa. LM scale bar = 10 μm (in Figs 36–50)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13633463" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13633463/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Figs 46–50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both populations showed, however, a continuous range of morphological features and striation pattern evidencing their conspecificity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF2A4650FAC4BD46" blockId="7.[136,1452,1152,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
Although having similar valve length,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FDEB4650FCF6BE5A" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[636,843,1368,1393]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FDEB4650FCF6BE5A" box="[636,843,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FC104650FB42BE5A" authority="Krammer (1997 b" authorityName="Krammer" authorityYear="1997" box="[903,1279,1368,1393]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="subcapitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FC104650FB91BE5A" box="[903,1068,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. subcapitata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B67FFFF1165FBA14650FB42BE5A" author="Krammer, K." box="[1078,1279,1368,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref8507" refString="Krammer, K. (1997 b) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema part., Encyonopsis and Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 37: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1997">Krammer (1997b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: fig. 180: 1–4) can be distinguished from one another mainly by the shape of their valve apices:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FB854674FB60BEBE" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[1042,1245,1404,1429]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FB854674FB60BEBE" box="[1042,1245,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more rostrate, elongated and protracted apices, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FDAF46A8FD67BE92" authorityName="Krammer" authorityYear="1997" box="[568,730,1440,1465]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="subcapitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FDAF46A8FD67BE92" box="[568,730,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. subcapitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is subcapitate, especially in larger specimens. In addition, valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FF3F46CCFEF6BEF6" authorityName="Krammer" authorityYear="1997" box="[168,331,1476,1501]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="subcapitata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF3F46CCFEF6BEF6" box="[168,331,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. subcapitata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are wider (8–9 μm) and have less striae in 10 μm (8–9). The valve apices may also distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FA0446CCFE88BD2A" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FA0446CCFE88BD2A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FEE846E0FDAEBD2A" box="[383,531,1512,1537]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="schubartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FEE846E0FE2DBD2A" box="[383,400,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FE3646E0FDAEBD2A" box="[417,531,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">schubartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FDC746E0FD73BD2A" authorityName="Krammer, Bibliotheca Diatomologica" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Krasske" box="[592,718,1512,1537]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FDC746E0FD73BD2A" box="[592,718,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FD4846E0FC55BD2A" box="[735,1000,1512,1537]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="schubartii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FD4846E0FC55BD2A" box="[735,1000,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Encyonopsis schubartii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has subcapitate to capitate valve ends, besides, the axial area is narrower and less lanceolate than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FCB14504FC4CBD0E" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[806,1009,1548,1573]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FCB14504FC4CBD0E" box="[806,1009,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FBD74504FB07BD0E" authorityName="Krammer, Bibliotheca Diatomologica" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Krasske" box="[1088,1210,1548,1573]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FBD74504FB07BD0E" box="[1088,1210,1548,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more asymmetric valves and rounded, subrostrate apices. Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FD424538FC22BD62" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[725,927,1584,1609]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FD424538FC22BD62" box="[725,927,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
areolae ultrastructure is lineolate and internally supported by struts, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FE59455CFDF4BD46" authorityName="Krammer, Bibliotheca Diatomologica" authorityYear="1997" baseAuthorityName="Krasske" box="[462,585,1620,1645]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="difficilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FE59455CFDF4BD46" box="[462,585,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. difficilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has round to rounded lineolae (not slits) not supported by internal struts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF2A4570FAA9BDF2" blockId="7.[136,1452,1152,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FF2A4570FDBFBDBA" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[189,514,1656,1681]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF2A4570FDBFBDBA" box="[189,514,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FCC24570FBADBDBA" box="[853,1040,1656,1681]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="difficiliformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FCC24570FBADBDBA" box="[853,1040,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">E. difficiliformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B67FFFF1165FBB74570FB5CBDBA" author="Krammer, K." box="[1056,1249,1656,1681]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref8507" refString="Krammer, K. (1997 b) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema part., Encyonopsis and Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 37: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1997">Krammer 1997b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 162: 25–26; 202: 7–12a), but the last has wider valves (6.7–7.8 μm) and lower length:width ratio (maximum 4.7, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF924B67FFFF1165FF1F45C8FEF8BDF2" author="Krammer, K." box="[136,325,1728,1753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" pagination="1 - 469" refId="ref8507" refString="Krammer, K. (1997 b) Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema part., Encyonopsis and Cymbellopsis. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 37: 1 - 469." type="journal article" year="1997">Krammer 1997b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on the morphological differences above, separation of both species is justified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C319651DFFFF1165FF2A45ECFC08BCD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBC3696FFFF1165FF2A45ECFC08BCD2" blockId="7.[136,1452,1152,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF2A45ECFE9BBDD6" bold="true" box="[189,294,1764,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The new species was common in samples collected from the surface sediments of two reservoirs in the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C7F874FFFF1165FE9A4400FEC3BC0A" box="[269,382,1800,1825]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Rio Pequeno branch of Billings Reservoir, relative abundance 12.0 %, and Ribeirão do Campo Reservoir, 6.7 %) and a sediment core from the last one (7.6 % at the top and 18.0 % at the bottom). The first reservoir is oligo-mesotrophic, with acidic pH (5.1), low conductivity (31–32 μS
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FC244458FC5FBC77" attach="left" box="[947,994,1870,1897]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">cm-1</superScript>
|
||
) and low nutrient concentrations (TP 10 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FF51447AFF70BCAB" attach="right" box="[198,205,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">1</superScript>
|
||
, NT 298 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FEEC447AFE3FBCAB" attach="right" box="[379,386,1906,1920]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">1</superScript>
|
||
). Ribeirão do Campo is oligotrophic, with acidic pH (5.4), low conductivity (11–12 μS
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FAE5447CFA1FBCAB" attach="left" box="[1394,1442,1906,1933]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">cm-1</superScript>
|
||
) and low nutrient concentrations (TP 4.0–4.7 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FD52449EFD71BC8F" attach="right" box="[709,716,1942,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">1</superScript>
|
||
, TN 355–362 μg L-
|
||
<superScript id="7C769BDEFFFF1165FC24449EFC07BC8F" attach="right" box="[947,954,1942,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">1</superScript>
|
||
). The new species was abundant in surface sediments, and in the top and bottom samples of a sediment core.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FCC044B4FB2ABCFE" authorityName="Wengrat, Marquardt & C. E. Wetzel" authorityYear="2015" box="[855,1175,1980,2005]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Cymbellaceae" genus="Encyonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Cymbellales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="sanctipaulensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FCC044B4FB2ABCFE" box="[855,1175,1980,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Encyonopsis sanctipaulensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FF5644E8FE02BCD2" box="[193,447,2016,2041]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Brachysiraceae" genus="Brachysira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="brebissonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FF5644E8FE02BCD2" box="[193,447,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Brachysira brebissonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FE5944E8FDC3BCD2" authorityName="De Toni" authorityYear="1892" baseAuthorityName="Kutzing" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[462,638,2016,2041]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Eunotiaceae" genus="Eunotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Eunotiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="veneris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FE5944E8FDC3BCD2" box="[462,638,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Eunotia veneris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C034D15FFFF1165FD2244E8FC13BCD2" authorityName="Lange-Bertalot & Krammer" authorityYear="1996" box="[693,942,2016,2041]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Amphipleuraceae" genus="Frustulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Naviculales" pageId="7" pageNumber="254" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="crassinervia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B977EA84FFFF1165FD2244E8FC13BCD2" box="[693,942,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="254">Frustulia crassinervia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |