198 lines
36 KiB
XML
198 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="F20B0BF79B10A77B1898BB2717DCBB19" ID-CLB-Dataset="295794" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d2310c1-82b9-4f23-8b17-230d6536d2ab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11084543" ID-ZooBank="E0FDD64D-EA99-4AA9-A7E1-3EB074B3A0F0" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1714390329641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ditty, James G., Malca, Estrella & Vásquez-Yeomans, Lourdes" docDate="2024" docId="039A87C4FFCA3D4AD3CCA32CFEB3FA6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5446.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5446 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dendrochirus barberi" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FFA3FFBCFFC13D45D35BA53EFFD4FFAB" masterDocTitle="The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="41" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1715196809322" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="342E7AB9CC562565F24848EF0B8367BC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8ABB37E40D5F863605A36D901E13D269">
|
||
<mods:title id="DAC39357D88CF5B561F9527B5B82F032">The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CA0DCC74EF382B490CE0E8F173A2ADE8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="86C5A7C254FFDE2FAFAFF6F84FFA57CD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C9BC75BC50FF2959CDDEE6D27BF51BC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2F204290658F781443BD7BF1AC616F22">Ditty, James G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E2C24EF11208D6D6823C3C948A9947C8">American Southwest Ichthyological Researchers (ASIR), 800 Encino Place NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102 - 2606, USA.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="663E22403D86CDD819C0538766DAC618" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E8A97EA95CE23D5FAB3EE9AE9C8A23F2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="409B4001C1320DD344167B5542847AE1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1AABB66EFF8DE8097E69797538B03A0A">Malca, Estrella</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="57BC5E450DFB945D7CE59B59C36BF28F">Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), University of Miami, Florida, USA. & Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami, Florida 33149, USA.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E7B1EE8B84A91189FE3CA164AC927778" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A66A98116DECEE4951C3EDDA51352C57">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E21AF71F3296F345EBF944EA1A3BC432">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3B50AA147BABB4C9B6E3395F9D85A070">Vásquez-Yeomans, Lourdes</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="8060B77C55883646FF8347BC0C5675CE">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Av. Centenario Km 5.5, CP 77014 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="FEE2EE827BEC63AD0EDF659DA30EDB99">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="878B34BD7995C70E1250D7AA857CEFBB" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="099944B331518B15F4167471D25A4847">
|
||
<mods:title id="3C7AB8A979AE8D552A6E16F9BFB401A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="478C5D83AFC1FD765099E7DC4149D66C">
|
||
<mods:date id="B902B1D88892C8A8929D5040112ED4D7">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6655257CF438DB0F91AEDE00F23F72F0" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="01D9261C98B212EA6C7E1CCCAB287A16">2024-04-29</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4A4745BE46009BBE03ED6C27880A7FC4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="BA61D02DC80D49BD69D4268028106833">5446</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="8803F4B0A66B7837A4E501C7FB77BD9B" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="933F4196B4FBDFCC99D86E441DD57D12">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9F588F6ED3F4D3A5F761DC9127A5584B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D0C5A1F2E0EF56FB77A73FF2296D51B6">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F47BB507A5DF86A5A73AD67E41FC06CB">41</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8637E45B862BE479A6BB3CC42890F273">
|
||
<mods:url id="C48DDC70C5442CB209BD16E492EC6FDE">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="62DD8C2D856D7FB70A81254D96A74C47">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="92849E460898D4E8C7AA6F8D044A445A" type="CLB-Dataset">295794</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2DED5A055089DD4625FD4BF041ECE056" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5446.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9512B51F69FB7353DC36ED15A76C015" type="GBIF-Dataset">8d2310c1-82b9-4f23-8b17-230d6536d2ab</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4E467A03F6FA1692F081D8E0CDC28E8B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9073A8CC35D9CEE860EF6FBA2D27827A" type="Zenodo-Dep">11084543</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FB060C58B969FF868C8248A1B740885B" type="ZooBank">E0FDD64D-EA99-4AA9-A7E1-3EB074B3A0F0</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="039A87C4FFCA3D4AD3CCA32CFEB3FA6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11149054" ID-GBIF-Taxon="229729501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11149054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039A87C4FFCA3D4AD3CCA32CFEB3FA6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039A87C4FFCA3D4AD3CCA32CFEB3FA6A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296559FFCA3D4ED3CCA32CFE7CF986" box="[151,424,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED3CCA32CFE7CF986" blockId="11.[151,684,1554,1581]" box="[151,424,1554,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFCA3D4ED3CCA32CFE4AF986" ID-CoL="34PLF" authority="(Steindachner, 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[151,414,1554,1581]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCA3D4ED3CCA32CFE4AF986" bold="true" box="[151,414,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3296559FFCA3D4AD2EBA32DFEB3FA6A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED2EBA32DFD78F986" blockId="11.[151,684,1554,1581]" box="[432,684,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">general morphology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCA3D4ED3CCA365FF10F83E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1627,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
We measured 12 postflexion and transforming larvae from 8.6–14.0 mm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED0ABA365FBB5F9DE" box="[1008,1121,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean HL 32% SL; snout length typically 65–75% OD; mean BDc 34% SL; body depth at CP 51% BDc; CP about 15% deeper than long (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFCA3D4ED3FAA39DFF22F916" box="[161,246,1699,1725]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C665AFFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF4C665AFFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Rays of pectoral fin elongate, tips of longest extend to or slightly beyond last pterygiophore of dorsal-fin base in smallest larva; mean depth of pectoral-fin base 49% BDc (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFCA3D4ED0D9A3F9FC0CF94A" box="[898,984,1735,1761]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[145,237,458,484]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi morphometrics by life stage. Mean (range). Abbreviations: standard length (SL); head length (HL); orbit diameter (OD); body depth at cleithrum (BDc); caudal-peduncle depth at terminal margin of dorsal-fin base (CPD); caudal-peduncle length (CPL); posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); character not developed (ND). Asterisk indicates morphometric not available due to specimen damage. Dorsal-fin base length to SL ratio excluded for the aberrant 12.9 mm P. volitans larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C665AFFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="DF4C665AFFC93D4DD3CAA4F4FC0EFDFB">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). All larvae with pronounced “hump” in dorsal profile of snout due to elevated rostral cartilage; terminal margin of maxilla extends to about mid-orbit. PPO spines about evenly spaced along shelf margin, upper 3–4 subequal, lowermost shortest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCA3D4ED7CAA231FB31F882" box="[1169,1253,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smallest larva with oblong loop in fore- and mid-gut; hindgut slender, terminates beyond mid-body; gut with rugose folds in early transformers (~9.0 mm). Gas bladder unpigmented, obscured by abdominal musculature in transformers. Seven BR.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665AFFCD3D49D3C3A2A9FCFDF878" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11084551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084551/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[392,1195,193,1908]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCD3D49D3C3A2A9FCFDF878" blockId="12.[151,1436,1943,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCD3D49D3C3A2A9FECDF804" bold="true" box="[152,281,1943,1967]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cranial and opercular spination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFCD3D49D1DDA2A6FCF2F804" box="[646,806,1943,1967]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCD3D49D1DDA2A6FCF2F804" box="[646,806,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Pterois volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D3CCA5A9FEEBFF1A" blockId="13.[151,319,151,177]" box="[151,319,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481BEFFCC3D48D3CCA5A9FEEBFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,319,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCC3D48D3CCA5A9FEEBFF1A" bold="true" box="[151,319,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Pigmentation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D3CCA5E1FD61FCF6" blockId="13.[151,1437,223,862]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Head and visceral mass unpigmented or nearly so, body sparsely pigmented until early transformation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D661A5E1FA44FF52" box="[1338,1424,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smallest postflexion larva (
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFCC3D48D289A43DFDF9FEB6" box="[466,557,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) with pigment on dorsolateral surface of hindgut, this pigment obscured by thickening abdominal musculature in largest transformer (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D067A419FC50FEEA" box="[828,900,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c-e). Externally, early transformers with small pigment on pterygiophore of 10
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFCC3D48D14BA475FDC9FEF2" attach="left" box="[528,541,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal spine, and third and last two pterygiophores of soft dorsal-fin base; expanded melanophore on third, fourth, and last two pterygiophores of anal-fin base; and small ventral blotch near mid-CP (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D3A6A4ADFE84FE06" box="[253,336,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Laterally, series of three close-set “dash-like” melanophores along body midline on penultimate and antepenultimate myomeres of CP, which by 11.0 mm, coalesce into narrow, elongate streak. Transformers also add large circular melanophore to dorsal surface of head (midbrain region), small cluster to anterodorsal margin of upper lip, and five partial saddles along dorsal margin of body: anterior saddle near origin of spinous dorsal fin, posterior saddle near terminal margin of soft dorsal-fin base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D019A71DFC51FD96" box="[834,901,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
c-e). By 11.0 mm, CP with dorsal series of three melanophores perpendicular to longitudinal axis of body near mid-peduncle, one medial and one on each side of body midline; another pigment embedded in CP midline near anteriormost developed upper secondary element. By 12.0 mm, two stripes present across head: anterior stripe between orbital margins, posterior stripe between bases of parietal spines. Small dorsal blotch also added near mid-CP, its position about one myomere caudad of opposing blotch on ventral margin. Largest transformer (14.0 mm) adds pigment on snout near upper lip, dorsal margin of lower lip near symphysial knob, angle of lower jaw, near anteroventral and ventral margins of orbit, to cheek near lower margin of APO, and diagonal streak between posterior margin of orbit and APO (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D7C4A621FB21FC92" box="[1183,1269,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrolateral margin of lower lip lightly mottled near mid-lip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D3CCA691FD99FC62" blockId="13.[151,589,943,969]" box="[151,589,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481BEFFCC3D48D3CCA691FD99FC62" bold="true" box="[151,589,943,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCC3D48D3CCA691FD99FC62" bold="true" box="[151,589,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fin development and pigmentation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D3CCA6C9FBD4FA4E" blockId="13.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Smallest larva with full complement of pterygiophores in dorsal- and anal-fins; caudal fin with 5+5 weakly segmented, and 2+2 unsegmented rays (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B10369FFCC3D48D13BA125FD63FB9E" box="[608,695,1051,1077]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[152,244,1089,1113]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 3. Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi meristics by life stage. Counts represent the number of pterygiophores or developing elements along the respective fin base. Numbers in parentheses denote rare counts. ND: character not developed. Third element of anal fin does not transform into third anal spine until after settlement." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4C665AFFC83D4CD3C3A17FFA96FB0A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="DF4C665AFFC83D4CD3C3A17FFA96FB0A">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and anal spines feeble, first two dorsal spines of similar length, last three elements of spinous dorsal fin ray-like. Pterygiophore of first dorsal spine inserted above lower posttemporal ridge; gap between first and second dorsal spine narrower than between subsequent spines. Tips of dorsal- and anal-fin rays from behind about mid-base extend to terminal margin of hypural plate. Transformers with all dorsal spines and first two anal spines well developed, and a full complement of 7+7 primary caudal rays (inner 6+6 segmented), plus 3+3 secondary elements (20 total as in adults). Second dorsal spine about 25% longer than first; second anal spine nearly two times longer than first; third element of anal fin ray-like, untransformed in largest larva. Pterygiophore of first anal spine inserted below 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFCC3D48D037A029FCADFA8E" attach="left" box="[876,889,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">th</superScript>
|
||
to 13
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFCC3D48D0E1A029FC13FA8E" attach="left" box="[954,967,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal spine; if 12 spines, inserted below 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C469B9AFFCC3D48D3E8A005FF14FAE2" attach="left" box="[179,192,1339,1353]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">th</superScript>
|
||
dorsal spine to first ray. Pterygiophore of first “true” ray of anal fin inserted below first to second ray of soft dorsal fin, terminal pterygiophore of anal-fin base inserted below penultimate to antepenultimate pterygiophores of soft dorsal fin. Largest transformer adds pigment along outer third of shaft of first and second dorsal rays, and shaft and on membrane between fourth through sixth rays of anal fin. Last ray of dorsal fin attached by short membrane to body wall, last anal ray free; caudal fin unpigmented in largest transformer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D39CA0D1FDD3F94A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Smallest larva with all pectoral- and pelvic-fin elements well formed. Although upper four rays of pectoral fin broken off near mid-shaft, diffuse blotch of pigment on inner third of shaft and membrane between rays 5–6, 10–11, and along outer margin of shaft and membrane between rays 7–8. Early transformers with pigment along shaft and membrane of rays 2–3, near outer third of shaft of rays 9–11, and near outer margin of rays 12–15 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D7BFA365FAE2F9DE" box="[1252,1334,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Largest transformer with pigment consolidating into series of oblong blotches in two uneven rows near mid-fin and outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCC3D48D3ACA39DFE9FF916" box="[247,331,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
|
||
); lower four rays of pectoral fin slightly thickened; longest rays extend to or slightly beyond last pterygiophore of dorsal-fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCC3D48D39CA3D5FD8DF811" blockId="13.[151,1437,1015,1978]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tips of longest rays of pelvic fin extend to or slightly beyond mid-anal-fin base, innermost ray joined to abdomen by short membrane in smallest larva. Pigment on inner third of membrane that connects innermost ray to abdominal wall, this pigment more pronounced in transformers. By 11.0 mm, pigment present near mid- and outer-margin of shaft of innermost ray, and along outer 25% of shaft and on membrane between rays 3–4; pelvic spine extends <70% of distance to origin of anal-fin base when pressed against body. Late transformers with pigment on webbing between pelvic spine and outermost ray.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4C665AFFCF3D4BD3C3A3CFFA47F886" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" targetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCF3D4BD3C3A3CFFA47F886" blockId="14.[151,1437,1777,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCF3D4BD3C3A3CFFECCF8A2" bold="true" box="[152,280,1777,1801]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFCF3D4BD245A3CFFE28F8A2" baseAuthorityName="Steindachner" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[286,508,1777,1801]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Dendrochirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barberi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCF3D4BD245A3CFFE28F8A2" box="[286,508,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dendrochirus barberi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae. A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes. All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCE3D4AD3CCA5A9FAF8FF1A" blockId="15.[151,1324,151,177]" box="[151,1324,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="D0C481BEFFCE3D4AD3CCA5A9FAF8FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,1324,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCE3D4AD3CCA5A9FAF8FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,1324,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cephalic and opercular spination; supraocular and nasal cirri; and sensory pore development</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCE3D4AD3CCA5E1FC51FE7A" blockId="15.[151,1437,223,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Smallest larva with five PPO and three APO spines, PPO’s subequal, each <35% OD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCE3D4AD701A5E1FB78FF52" box="[1114,1196,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). PPO-1 and -2 along upper margin: PPO-1 about mid-orbit, directed dorsoposteriorly; PPO-2 directed posteriorly. PPO-3 through -5 along lower margin: PPO-3 below shelf angle nearly aligned with dorsal margin of maxilla; PPO-4 near lower margin of pectoral-fin base directed posteroventrally; PPO-5 near angle of lower jaw, directed ventrally. APO-1 and -2 along upper margin of shelf, nearly overlay PPO counterparts; APO-3 along lower margin, closer to PPO-4 than -3. Largest transformer with APO-1 closer to PPO-2, and APO-2 between PPO-3 and -4; transformers lack supplemental spine at base of PPO-1 found in juveniles and adults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCE3D4AD39CA4E2FD44FCBE" blockId="15.[151,1437,223,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Most cranial ridges and spines weakly developed until early transformation.Smallest larva with outer interorbital, supraocular, postocular, pterotic, lower posttemporal, infraorbital, parietal, and nuchal ridges; and parietal and nuchal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCE3D4AD21AA71DFE41FD96" box="[321,405,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parietal ridges weakly dentate, terminate at conjoined base of parietal and nuchal spines. Nuchal spines external to parietals, subequal in length, and lie flatter against cranium (i.e., ≤15° above longitudinal axis of head) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C334D51FFCE3D4AD2CFA752FDC4FD2E" box="[404,528,619,646]" family="Scorpaenidae" genus="Pterois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="volitans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCE3D4AD2CFA752FE71FD2E" box="[404,421,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B947EAC0FFCE3D4AD2ECA755FDC4FD2E" box="[439,528,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">volitans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Anterior margin of parietals weakly serrate; posterior margin smooth; nuchal margins smooth at all sizes examined. Low, outer interorbital ridges originate above mid-orbit, diverge outward toward posterolateral margin of cranium, connect to coronal base, then bifurcate into low coronal and tympanic ridges. By
|
||
<quantity id="4CCB9B37FFCE3D4AD249A7E9FEACFD59" box="[274,376,727,754]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, transformers with short, flimsy spine on terminal margin of each ridge lies nearly flat against cranium, best observed by lifting with probe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCE3D4AD39CA621FD6BFB0A" blockId="15.[151,1437,223,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Supra- and postocular ridges project outward over eyes like “blinders,” each ridge with dorsoposteriorly directed spine in smallest larva. Supraocular ridge rises to acute peak along anterodorsal margin of orbit, descends thereafter to become postocular ridge; postocular ridge rises to acute peak near mid-orbit, descends along posterior margin of orbit; height of both ridges gradually reduced during transformation to become low continuous ridge with scalloped outer margin in largest transformer. Smallest larva with pterotic and lower posttemporal ridges swollen, laterally projecting, increase in height in posterior direction, short terminal spine on each (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCE3D4AD7DDA6EDFB0CFC46" box="[1158,1240,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Height of lower posttemporal ridge nearly twice that of pterotic ridge in early transformers; largest transformer with posterior half of pterotic ridge weakly dentate. Transformers add supracleithral ridge by 10.0 mm. Below orbit, smallest larva with low
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD392A101FF33FBF2" box="[201,231,1087,1113]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
ridge, small spine on
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD2B9A101FDD4FBF2" box="[482,512,1087,1113]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1-U1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD113A101FDB2FBF2" box="[584,614,1087,1113]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1-L1, and ventrally near terminal margin of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD701A101FBACFBF2" box="[1114,1144,1087,1113]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
4;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD7CEA101FB67FBF2" box="[1173,1203,1087,1113]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1-L1 overlaps dorsal margin of upper lip in transformers. By 11.0 mm, two small spines added on lateral margin of ridge along
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD631A15DFA5CFBD6" box="[1386,1416,1123,1149]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
3, posterior spine slightly larger than anterior spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8C36D2FFCE3D4AD39CA195FEB3FA6A" blockId="15.[151,1437,223,1473]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Smallest larva with cephalosensory canal along
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED22AE17FFCE3D4AD1B6A195FCDFFB6E" box="[749,779,1195,1221]" country="Portugal" name="Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade de Lisboa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">IO</collectionCode>
|
||
1 and outer margin of PPO. Canal along PPO with single pore above PPO-1, between PPO-2 and -3, and between -3 and -4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCE3D4AD0D0A1F1FC0AFB42" box="[907,990,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Transformers add sensory canal along postocular, pterotic, and lower posttemporal ridges; along lower margin of operculum; and on snout and frontal region of head above nares. By 11.0 mm, transformers with V-shaped tooth patch on vomer, and short cirrus on dorsal rim of anterior nostril, and above eye (i.e., nasal and supraocular cirri;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13082A57FFCE3D4AD743A005FBB8FAFE" box="[1048,1132,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1777,1801]" captionTargetBox="[192,1436,181,1736]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[151,1436,181,1739]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae.A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes.All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11084557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11084557/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Largest transformer with supraocular cirrus>50% OD, well pigmented; tip of unpigmented nasal cirrus extends to about mid-orbit if pressed against forehead. Transformers lack nasal, opercle, interopercle, and subopercle spines; and sphenotic and medial interorbital ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |