272 lines
32 KiB
XML
272 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="E7D1B3FC249AFCD3B3061CFAEAF8CF88" ID-CLB-Dataset="3152" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="87c4739e-7fe1-41e7-a25f-aae7e837fb33" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748862" ID-ZooBank="810459A8-AF47-47A9-B5B6-BE45659B3E7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638424210814" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Benayahu, Yehuda, Ekins, Merrick & Mcfadden, Catherine S." docDate="2021" docId="FB5F8935FFCEFFBDFF0CF99B3C05D794" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5072.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5072 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sympodium vegrandis Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="341" masterDocId="0766F14DFFDEFFACFF9BFFF93E6FD02C" masterDocTitle="Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism" masterLastPageNumber="350" masterPageNumber="324" pageNumber="340" updateTime="1699471700562" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4500FA6D7D289548EC61842C8C172AB6">Overview of the genus Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B8DB6D7AC55AF82A60C741FE0798ED9">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ECD5F86671B06FB6797FD7612E619082">School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel yehudab @ tauex. tau. ac. il; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6999 - 0239</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6947A2874599501B838FFFC77798DF50" type="email">yehudab@tauex.tau.ac.il</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5A03DEA715CD8AFCCA0CAF8A1AF8FB6A">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4357D15CE94CA7DD22294CFA161C45CD">Queensland Museum, South Brisbane BC, Queensland 4101, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3176D1EF017EA5E14BC373298DEDDD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="181B676965515E113CEBAD8A11C98EDF">Mcfadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61E94575277D3243F08C70B322A7387F">Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1616E3EB18C8088ED06D280429A1BCEE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A878A82B115DFFCDDED347D462C4C465">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="FB5F8935FFCEFFBDFF0CF99B3C05D794" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748818" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190875740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748818" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCEFFBDFF0CF99B3C05D794" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB5F8935FFCEFFBDFF0CF99B3C05D794" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<heading id="28018F4FFFCEFFBCFF0CF99B3F83D651" bold="true" box="[151,492,1634,1661]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCEFFBCFF0CF99B3F83D651" bold="true" box="[151,492,1634,1661]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCEFFBCFF0CF99B3FCCD651" ID-CoL="8TFZB" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,419,1634,1661]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vegrandis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCEFFBCFF0CF99B3FCCD651" bold="true" box="[151,419,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Sympodium vegrandis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCEFFBCFE30F99A3F83D651" box="[427,492,1635,1661]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCEFFBCFF0CF97E3F16D68D" box="[151,377,1671,1698]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCEFFBCFF0CF97E3F16D68D" blockId="16.[151,492,1634,1698]" box="[151,377,1671,1698]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFF0CF97E3F48D68D" box="[151,295,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,276,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-77@17.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) Colonies of S. subtilis sp. n. with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of S. vegrandis sp. n. (D, E) Colonies of S. yonaguniensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748901/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Figs. 14B–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFEA8F97E3F3ED68E" box="[307,337,1671,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,865,889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,840]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1437,181,841]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sympodium vegrandis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751) are small colonies attached to a sponge, with several shown here. (B) Higher magnification of syntypes featuring mostly retracted polyps and a few expanded ones. The encrusting membrane also displays stolon-like extensions bearing polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748905/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFEC6F97E3F16D68D" box="[349,377,1671,1697]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1412,1436]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-75@18.[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium vegrandis sp. n. syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748907/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">16</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCEFFBCFF0CF9363A61D71D" blockId="16.[151,1437,1743,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCEFFBCFF0CF9363F69D6C5" bold="true" box="[151,262,1743,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFCEFFBCFE92F9363CC3D721" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092303" collectingDate="2012-09-09" collectorName="Y. Benayahu" country="Taiwan" county="IronArtificial Reef" elevation="23" latitude="22.6425" location="Co" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="121.47528" municipality="Green Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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.
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:
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</emphasis>
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SMNHTAU_
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_35751,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFCEFFBCFC11F9363A37D6C5" box="[906,1112,1743,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">IronArtificial Reef</collectingCounty>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCEFFBCFB63F9363BE0D6C5" box="[1272,1423,1743,1769]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" precision="15" seconds="31" value="121.47528">121°28’31”E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="07481EE3FFCEFFBCFE93F90A3FB8D721" box="[264,471,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" value="2012-09-09">
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFCEFFBCFE93F90A3FB8D721" box="[264,471,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" value="2012-09-09">9 September 2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCEFFBCFD82F90A3CC3D721" box="[537,684,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Y. Benayahu</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="C39E327EFFCEFFBCFD2CF90A3A61D71D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3413092332" collectingDate="2019-10" collectorName="Y. Benayahu." country="Taiwan" county="Lighthouse End" elevation="23" latitude="22.675566" location="Co" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.46238" municipality="Green Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCEFFBCFD2CF90A3D4BD721" bold="true" box="[695,804,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCEFFBCFD2CF90A3D4BD721" box="[695,804,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: SMNHTAU_
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<location id="76296EF8FFCEFFBCFC56F90A3D82D721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB5F8935FFCEFFBDFF0CF99B3C05D794:76296EF8FFCEFFBCFC56F90A3D82D721" box="[973,1005,1779,1805]" country="Taiwan" county="Lighthouse End" latitude="22.675566" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.46238" municipality="Green Island" name="Co" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Co</location>
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_37888,
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<collectingMunicipality id="932DA259FFCEFFBCFBD7F90A3AB1D721" box="[1100,1246,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Green Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="9A2840AFFFCEFFBCFB71F90A3BF3D721" box="[1258,1436,1779,1805]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Lighthouse End</collectingCounty>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCEFFBCFEC0F8EE3C7AD71E" box="[347,533,1815,1842]" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" precision="1" seconds="44.58" value="121.46238">121°27’44.58”E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCEFFBCFDB2F8EE3CE1D71D" box="[553,654,1815,1841]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">
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<elevation id="F8DBDF10FFCEFFBCFDB2F8EE3CE1D71D" box="[553,654,1815,1841]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" unit="m" value="23.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="20.0">20–26 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<date id="07481EE3FFCEFFBCFD01F8EE3D59D71D" box="[666,822,1815,1841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" value="2019-10">
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<collectingDate id="170CE70BFFCEFFBCFD01F8EE3D59D71D" box="[666,822,1815,1841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" value="2019-10">October 2019</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="DE035DF5FFCEFFBCFCE3F8EE3A61D71D" box="[888,1038,1815,1841]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Y. Benayahu.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCEFFBDFF5CF8C23D5ED65F" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="description">
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<paragraph id="73493823FFCEFFBDFF5CF8C23C80D0D5" blockId="16.[151,1437,1743,2021]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="341" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">
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<emphasis id="4182E431FFCEFFBCFF5CF8C23F3ED779" bold="true" box="[199,337,1851,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Description</emphasis>
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. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCEFFBCFE02F8C23F94D779" box="[409,507,1851,1877]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
comprise 25–30 small encrusting colonies attached to a fluffy sponge fragment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFF3BF8A63F66D756" box="[160,265,1887,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,865,889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,840]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1437,181,841]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sympodium vegrandis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751) are small colonies attached to a sponge, with several shown here. (B) Higher magnification of syntypes featuring mostly retracted polyps and a few expanded ones. The encrusting membrane also displays stolon-like extensions bearing polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748905/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each features up to 15 polyps and measures approximately 2 x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCEFFBCFC77F8A63A5ED755" box="[1004,1073,1887,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. There are also a few individual polyps on the sponge surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFE71F87A3C39D7B1" box="[490,598,1923,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,865,889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,840]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1437,181,841]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sympodium vegrandis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751) are small colonies attached to a sponge, with several shown here. (B) Higher magnification of syntypes featuring mostly retracted polyps and a few expanded ones. The encrusting membrane also displays stolon-like extensions bearing polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748905/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Fig. 15 B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some colonies reveal a round outline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCEFFBCFB83F87A3A15D7B2" box="[1048,1146,1923,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,865,889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,840]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1437,181,841]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Sympodium vegrandis sp. n.: morphology of type material colonies. (A) Syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751) are small colonies attached to a sponge, with several shown here. (B) Higher magnification of syntypes featuring mostly retracted polyps and a few expanded ones. The encrusting membrane also displays stolon-like extensions bearing polyps." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748905/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="340">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
) while in others their thin spreading membrane (<
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCEFFBCFE04F85E3F98D7ED" box="[415,503,1959,1986]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) forms an elongate, ribbon-like extension, bearing polyps. All of the colonies in the aggregation are designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCEFFBCFE70F8323C22D7C9" box="[491,589,1995,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
because it is not possible to separate a single colony as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCEFFBCFB46F8323B50D7C9" box="[1245,1343,1995,2021]" pageId="16" pageNumber="340" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
without compromising its integrity. The majority of the polyps are variously retracted. The few fully expanded polyps are up to
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCFFFBDFF2FFF433F64D0F9" box="[180,267,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and their tentacles are approximately
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCFFFBDFD69FF433D27D0F9" box="[754,840,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. There is a single row of 3–4 pinnules on either side of the tentacles, which are almost fully retracted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="278968ABFFCFFFBDFF0CFA7B3DEED593" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5748901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748901/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" startId="17.[151,250,1410,1434]" targetBox="[152,1436,276,1387]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF0CFA7B3DEED593" blockId="17.[151,1437,1410,1471]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF0CFA7B3F4FD5B6" bold="true" box="[151,288,1410,1434]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Live colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCFFFBDFE4FFA7A3CF4D5B7" box="[468,667,1411,1435]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFE4FFA7A3C25D5B7" box="[468,586,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Sympodium</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the reef. (A) Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCFFFBDFC5FFA7A3A48D5B7" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[964,1063,1411,1435]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="subtilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFC5FFA7A3A48D5B7" box="[964,1063,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">S. subtilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFBB5FA7A3A07D5B7" bold="true" box="[1070,1128,1411,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCFFFBDFBB5FA7A3A07D5B7" box="[1070,1128,1411,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCFFFBDFE88FA5E3FFFD593" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[275,400,1447,1471]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vegrandis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFE88FA5E3FFFD593" box="[275,400,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">S. vegrandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFE0CFA5E3FBFD593" bold="true" box="[407,464,1447,1471]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCFFFBDFE0CFA5E3FBFD593" box="[407,464,1447,1471]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(D, E) Colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCFFFBDFD0CFA5E3D2DD592" authority="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden, 2021" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[663,834,1447,1470]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="yonaguniensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFD0CFA5E3D2DD592" box="[663,834,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">S. yonaguniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AB1594AFFCFFFBDFCD3FA5E3DEED593" box="[840,897,1447,1471]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CFA143F7CD67C" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
The sclerites of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFE04FA143C6ED62B" box="[415,513,1517,1543]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are ellipsoid platelets, measuring
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCFFFBDFCE1FA143DD6D62B" box="[890,953,1517,1543]" degrees="0.009" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" precision="55" value="0.009">0.009</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCFFFBDFC22FA143A69D62B" box="[953,1030,1517,1543]" degrees="0.010" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" precision="55" value="-0.01">–0.010</geoCoordinate>
|
||
x
|
||
<quantity id="B40E95C6FFCFFFBDFBBBFA143AB1D62B" box="[1056,1246,1517,1544]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" unit="mm" value="0.0135" valueMax="0.015" valueMin="0.012">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCFFFBDFBBBFA143A30D624" box="[1056,1119,1517,1544]" degrees="0.012" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" precision="55" value="0.012">0.012</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16C25EE4FFCFFFBDFBC4FA143AC3D624" box="[1119,1196,1517,1544]" degrees="0.015" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" precision="55" value="-0.015">–0.015</geoCoordinate>
|
||
mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCFFFBDFAF4FA143EA4D600" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1412,1436]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-75@18.[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium vegrandis sp. n. syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are composed of calcite rods whose tips provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCFFFBDFF3BF9CC3F69D67C" box="[160,262,1589,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1412,1436]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-75@18.[151,1437,985,1387]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sympodium vegrandis sp. n. syntypes (SMNHTAU_Co_35751): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide a uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748907/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF9A03D5ED65F" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" box="[199,817,1625,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF9A03F7FD65F" bold="true" box="[199,272,1625,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFD82F9A03C14D65F" box="[537,635,1625,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are light cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCFFFBDFF5CF9843E93D697" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF9843E93D697" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF9843F21D6BB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1661,1687]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species’ name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4F643A0FFCFFFBDFDD3F9843CD9D6BB" authorityName="Benayahu & Ekins & Mcfadden" authorityYear="2021" box="[584,694,1661,1687]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Sympodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vegrandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFDD3F9843CD9D6BB" box="[584,694,1661,1687]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">vegrandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Latin, meaning small, diminutive, refers to the size of the colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCFFFBDFF5CF93C3C86D6F3" box="[199,745,1733,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF93C3C86D6F3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" box="[199,745,1733,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF93C3F50D6F3" bold="true" box="[199,319,1733,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFEE3F93C3FB7D6F3" box="[376,472,1733,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
resembles the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFDE4F93C3C8AD6F3" box="[639,741,1733,1759]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCFFFBDFF5CF9103B6CD7BF" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF9103C72D743" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF9103F5BD72F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1769,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The colonies are characterized by their minute size and sclerites whose diameter is the smallest recorded to date among the congeners. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFDE1F8F43CB3D70B" box="[634,732,1805,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
uniquely exhibit single (not clustered) polyps that are probably juvenile recruits. The ethanol-preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFDE9F8C83CBBD767" box="[626,724,1841,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC4D8681FFCFFFBDFC8EF8C83D1AD767" box="[789,885,1841,1867]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
were sequenced and subsequently assigned to MOTU54 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="176745D2FFCFFFBDFE8FF8AC3C7ED743" author="McFadden, C. S. & Gonzalez, A. & Imada, R. & Shi, S. S. & Hong, P. & Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y." box="[276,529,1877,1903]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" pagination="992 - 1006" refId="ref14669" refString="McFadden, C. S., Gonzalez, A., Imada, R., Shi, S. S., Hong, P., Ekins, M. & Benayahu, Y. (2019) Molecular operational taxonomic units reveal restricted geographic ranges and regional endemism in the Indo-Pacific octocoral family Xeniidae. Journal of Biogeography, 46, 992 - 1006. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13543" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
McFadden
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFE0EF8AF3FA9D743" box="[405,454,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF8803B6CD7BF" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" box="[199,1283,1913,1939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF8803F13D7BF" bold="true" box="[199,380,1913,1939]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Living features</emphasis>
|
||
. The aggregated live colonies exhibit a distinct bluish/green color (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBCD24A6FFCFFFBDFBF4F8803A94D7BF" box="[1135,1275,1913,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1410,1434]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,276,1387]" captionTargetId="figure-77@17.[151,1436,273,1387]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Live colonies of Sympodium species on the reef. (A) Colonies of S. subtilis sp. n. with expanded polyps. (B, C) Colonies of S. vegrandis sp. n. (D, E) Colonies of S. yonaguniensis sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5748901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5748901/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Fig. 14 B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3BEC6BA8FFCFFFBDFF5CF8643C05D794" box="[199,618,1949,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="73493823FFCFFFBDFF5CF8643C05D794" blockId="17.[151,1437,1517,1976]" box="[199,618,1949,1976]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">
|
||
<emphasis id="4182E431FFCFFFBDFF5CF8643F36D79B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1949,1975]" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BE178B3FFCFFFBDFEFCF8643FD6D79B" box="[359,441,1949,1975]" name="Taiwan" pageId="17" pageNumber="341">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Green Island).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |