142 lines
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142 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c67d32c-7cca-401f-a54d-374c5b03743b" ID-PMC="PMC5027769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-617-31" ID-PubMed="27667953" ID-ZBK="A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-617-31" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 617" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning" checkinTime="1474013867020" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L. & Wang, Yongjie" docDate="2016" docId="A811D92FDDC1B002BC1AAD5FBFD28734" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 617: 31-45" docOrigin="ZooKeys 617" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165" docTitle="Gryposmylus pennyi Winterton & Wang, 2016, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="4E470ED2-B2DF-4D17-B5B1-F71AAFBDA440" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FF81237AFFF900024050FFF8017AA81C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krueger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning" masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1668163516125" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Gryposmylus Krueger, 1913 (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) with a remarkable example of convergence in wing disruptive patterning</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>617</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>31</mods:start>
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<mods:end>45</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.617.10165</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-617-31</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A84B95F794314CD680163CBBF894DD0D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898392" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4E470ED2-B2DF-4D17-B5B1-F71AAFBDA440" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A811D92FDDC1B002BC1AAD5FBFD28734" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="38" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
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classification Animalia Neuroptera Osmylidae
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/4E470ED2-B2DF-4D17-B5B1-F71AAFBDA440" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="7" pageNumber="38">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 2, 3B, 4, 5, 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">
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Holotype male. VIETNAM: Ninh Binh Prov.: Cuc Phueng National Park, 390m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="20.350834">20°21'03"N</geoCoordinate>
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.
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.59334">105°35'36"E</geoCoordinate>
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[20°21.05', 105°35.6'], S.D. Gaimari, M. Hauser, Pham H.T., 26.iii.2012, ex. Mercury vapour light (California State Collection of Arthropods).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Paratype female. CHINA: Yunnan Prov.: Mengla, Wangtianshu, 4.V.2005, Xiaoshuan Bai (China Agricultural University Collection).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="38">Head and body largely black with dark brown markings; forewing markings with distinct dark pattern, especially basally, and elongate band apically; hind wing with markings along posterior margin and in wing apex.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="39" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="8" pageNumber="39">
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Forewing length: 16.0-16.5 mm; hind wing length: 13.0-13.5 mm. Head. Predominantly black; frons cream-white with black opposing chevrons; clypeus with two black spots; gena with black spot; palpi white with dark bands on each segment; vertex black with lateral eye margin and ocelli white; antennal scape black, white on anterior surface; pedicel black; flagellum cream-white with basal flagellomere black. Thorax. Prothorax slightly narrowed anteriorly, predominantly black, white laterally and with three white spots along posterior margin; posterior intersegmental membrane white; prothoracic pile erect and a mixture of black and white setae; mesoscutum and metascutum black; pleuron with white and black longitudinal stripes, legs white, tibiae dark brown basally and setae on tibiae and tarsi yellowish. Wings (Figs 3B, 4). Forewing costal area broad with crossveins mostly simple, admixed with some forked veins (variable between wings and individuals); wing venation brown with elongate setae on all veins on both surfaces of wings; wings hyaline with extensive dark brown markings arranged in a broad sigmoid pattern (Fig. 2), extensive markings in posterior region of forewing, along both gradate series and apically along distal Rs veins; pterostigma very dark; hind wing mostly hyaline, venation pale; dark markings and venation at wing base, along posterior margin gradate series and from pterostigma to wing apex. Abdomen. Uniformly black, with dark brown markings. Male genitalia (Fig. 5). Tergite 8 and sternite 8 quadrangular, sparsely distributed setae on sclerites and intersegmental membrane; tergite 9 relatively narrow, extending ventrally below level of ectoproct; sternite 9 subtriangular, fused partially to gonarcus laterally; ectoproct rounded with thickened area along posterolateral margin, callus cercus relatively
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="40" start="start">large</pageBreakToken>
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with ca. 45 setae; gonarcus as narrow arch medially, narrow entoprocessus extending posteriorly, reflexed dorsally and spatulate distally; gonarcus extending anteriorly as non-articulated rod-shaped apodemes (=baculum), gonarcus fused laterally to sternite 9 at junction of entoprocessus and gonarcus anterior apodeme; parameres narrow, arch-shaped with medial thickening dorsally; mediuncus curved with paired-flanges, connected membranously to medial arch of gonarcus. Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Tergite 8 large and subquadrate, sternite 8 as small and knob-like process, directed posteriorly, adjacent to tergite 9; tergite 9 narrow, extending ventrally to articulate with gonopophysis 9 + gonocoxite 9 (=gonapophysis lateralis); gonopophyses 9 and gonocoxite 9 closely associated; gonocoxite 9 elongate with a dark longitudinal band laterally, distally articulated with a relatively long stylus (=gonostylus 9); ectoproct rounded, callus cercus relatively large; spermathecae folded medially, expanded basally and connecting with a very long coiled spermathecal duct.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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Figure 4. Wing venation of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: A forewing B hind wing. Major wing veins are colour coded.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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Figure 5. Male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: A lateral view B dorsal view C oblique view. Colour key: gonarcus (red), ectoprocessus (blue), mediuncus (purple), parameres (green), hypandrium internum (orange). Abbreviations: t8, tergite 8; s8, sternite 8; t9, tergite 9; s9, sternite 9; ect, ectoproct; c, callus cercus. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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Figure 6. Female genitalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: Additional abbreviations: gx9, gonocoxite 9; gp9, gonopophysis 9; gs9, gonostylus 9. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="40">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="9" pageNumber="40">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is distributed in northern Vietnam and adjoining southern China. A specimen was also recently photographed from Sabah, Malaysia, with the image posted on social media website
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Facebook’">'Facebook'</normalizedToken>
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; the specimen was identified but it was not collected.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. has distinctive wing markings (Fig. 7A), which show a peculiar similarity to those wing markings of an unrelated chrysopid,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Vieira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vieira leschenaulti" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaulti">Vieira leschenaulti</taxonomicName>
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from the Amazon region of South America (Fig. 7B). This is a dramatic example of convergent wing patterning in distantly related lace
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="41" start="start">wings</pageBreakToken>
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, presumably associated with disruptive camouflage patterning to break up the outline of the individual as it sits on the underside of leaves in dense forested habitats.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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Figure 7. Comparison of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Gryposmylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryposmylus pennyi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennyi">Gryposmylus pennyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (A) (Oriental) and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Vieira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vieira leschenaulti" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leschenaulti">Vieira leschenaulti</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Navás">Navas</normalizedToken>
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(B) (
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysopidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
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) (Neotropical) (photograph credits: A Stephen D. Gaimari B Arthur Anker).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="41">
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We have the great honour of naming this species after the Late Norman Penny (1946-2016). Norm was a wonderful colleague and excellent researcher of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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, with numerous publications on various lacewing families, especially on New World
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<taxonomicName family="Chrysopidae" lsidName="" pageId="10" pageNumber="41" rank="family">Chrysopidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |