377 lines
47 KiB
XML
377 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.36.6830" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224385" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-36-131" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC442199F74FFDB022D1222FF875B6C" ID-Zenodo-Dep="574834" ModsDocID="1314-2607-36-131" checkinTime="1451252323662" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nugroho, Hari, Kojima, Jun-ichi & Ubaidillah, Rosichon" docDate="2014" docId="9827E0E131B060ADFD4CE9AE23DB8D96" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 36: 131-151" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 36" docPubDate="2014-02-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.36.6830" docTitle="Apodynerus troglodytes subsp. troglodytes troglodytes (de Saussure" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="FFC442199F74FFDB022D1222FF875B6C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="143" masterDocId="FFC442199F74FFDB022D1222FF875B6C" masterDocTitle="Synonymy of the potter wasp genus Philippodynerus Gusenleitner (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) with Apodynerus Giordani Soika, with taxonomic notes on Apodynerus species" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="131" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1643517572533" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Synonymy of the potter wasp genus Philippodynerus Gusenleitner (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) with Apodynerus Giordani Soika, with taxonomic notes on Apodynerus species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nugroho, Hari</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hntawon@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kojima, Jun-ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, 310 - 8512 Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ubaidillah, Rosichon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-02-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>36</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>131</mods:start>
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<mods:end>151</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.36.6830</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.36.6830</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-36-131</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC442199F74FFDB022D1222FF875B6C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">574834</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224385" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9827E0E131B060ADFD4CE9AE23DB8D96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9827E0E131B060ADFD4CE9AE23DB8D96" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Apodynerus_troglodytes_troglodytes" authority="troglodytes (de Saussure)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apodynerus troglodytes subsp. troglodytes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="troglodytes">Apodynerus troglodytes troglodytes (de Saussure)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 29. Apodynerus species. 19 - 27 ♀ 28 - 29 ♂ 19, 24, 29 Apodynerus icarioides 20, 23 Apodynerus flavospinosus, holotype 25 Apodynerus troglodytes 21, 26 Apodynerus yayeyamensis 22, 27, 28 Apodynerus quadricolor 19 - 22 Head, lateral view 23 - 27 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 28, 29 Apical part of antenna. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11848" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Figs 25</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">, 30-47</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">Odynerus troglodytes</taxonomicName>
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de Saussure, 1856: 249, ♂, "le
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Sénégal”">Senegal"</normalizedToken>
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[type locality doubtful:
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<bibRefCitation author="Yamane, S" journalOrPublisher="Insecta matsumurana (new series)" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 189" refId="B30" refString="Yamane, S, 1990. A revision of the Japanese Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea). Insecta matsumurana (new series) 43: 1 - 189" title="A revision of the Japanese Eumenidae (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea)." volume="43" year="1990">Yamane (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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mentioned "Vecht (pers. comm., 1981)... doubts
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Saussure’s">Saussure's</normalizedToken>
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statement about the type locality."], type (MRSN).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1857" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragilis">Odynerus fragilis</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1857: 61, ♂,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Borneo”">"Borneo"</normalizedToken>
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, type (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1861" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petulans">Odynerus petulans</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1861: 89, ♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Makassar”">"Makassar"</normalizedToken>
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, type (OUM).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1902" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lybas">Odynerus lybas</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1902: 114, ♀,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Sarawak”">"Sarawak"</normalizedToken>
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, type (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drescheri">Odynerus drescheri</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1905: 77, ♀, "Tjandi near Semarang", type (BMNH).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Odynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brooksii">Odynerus brooksii</taxonomicName>
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Cameron, 1908: 561, ♂, "Kuching, Sarawak, Borneo", type depository unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragilis">Pachymenes fragilis</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">karimonensis</emphasis>
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van der Vecht, 1937: 278, ♀♂, "Karmon Djawa Islands", holotype ♀ (MZB). Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="baliensis">Pachymenes troglodytes baliensis</taxonomicName>
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Giordani Soika, 1987: 145, ♀♂, "Bali: Samur", holotype ♀ (MVEN). Syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yayeyamensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Apodynerus yayeyamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: Ventral margin of clypeus proportionally wide (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Figs 41-47</figureCitation>
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), about 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the maximum width of clypeus; female clypeus slightly wider than high, 1.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as wide as high (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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); male clypeus proportionally narrower than that of female, about as wide as high (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
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); metasomal tergum I in lateral view with dorsal margin arising in slightly convex line from the basal slit, then broadly curved down to slight preapical convexity (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 29. Apodynerus species. 19 - 27 ♀ 28 - 29 ♂ 19, 24, 29 Apodynerus icarioides 20, 23 Apodynerus flavospinosus, holotype 25 Apodynerus troglodytes 21, 26 Apodynerus yayeyamensis 22, 27, 28 Apodynerus quadricolor 19 - 22 Head, lateral view 23 - 27 Metasomal segments I-II, lateral view 28, 29 Apical part of antenna. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11848" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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); tergum II in lateral view more or less evenly and weakly convex dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" start="Figures 30–47" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Figures 30-47.</emphasis>
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Marking patterns of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. For the variations in Indian specimens, after
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<bibRefCitation author="Kumar, PG" journalOrPublisher="Biosystematica" pageId="17" pageNumber="148" pagination="23 - 31" refId="B21" refString="Kumar, PG, Shareef, KPM, Kishore, L, Carpenter, JM, 2013. A taxonomic study on the oriental genus Apodynerus Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Indian subcontinent. Biosystematica 7 (1): 23 - 31" title="A taxonomic study on the oriental genus Apodynerus Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from the Indian subcontinent." volume="7" year="2013">Kumar et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">30</emphasis>
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Java, Kangean Is., Bali
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">31</emphasis>
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Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">32</emphasis>
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India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">33</emphasis>
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Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">34</emphasis>
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Karimunjawa Is.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">35</emphasis>
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Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">36</emphasis>
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India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">37</emphasis>
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India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">38</emphasis>
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India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">39</emphasis>
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Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">40</emphasis>
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Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">41</emphasis>
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Karimunjawa Is.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">42</emphasis>
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India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">43</emphasis>
|
||
Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">44</emphasis>
|
||
Kangean, Bali
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">45</emphasis>
|
||
India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">46</emphasis>
|
||
Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">47</emphasis>
|
||
Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">30-34</emphasis>
|
||
metasoma
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">35-40</emphasis>
|
||
tegula
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">41-44</emphasis>
|
||
female clypeus
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">45-47</emphasis>
|
||
male clypeus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="141" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="141">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="10" pageNumber="141">
|
||
HONG KONG: 1 ♀, Pak Sha O, 70 m, 24 Apr.-14 May.2009, C. Barthelemy (IUNH). VIETNAM: 1 ♂, TT Mai, Chau, Hoa Binh, 3 Jun.2012, P.H.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="142" start="start">Phong</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(IUNH). MALAYSIA: Peninsular Malaysia: 1 ♂, Bukit Fraiser, 20 Jan.1991, T. Matsumura (IUNH); 1 ♂, Kuala Tahan, 31 Aug.1970, R. Jander (SEIHU). INDONESIA: Sumatra I.: 1 ♀, 4 ♂, Sekincau, S. Sumatra [= Lampung], 23 Jul.1982, Sk. Yamane (MZB); 1 ♂, Labuan Batu, Kec. Jabung, Lampung Tengah, 5 Nov.1975, S. Achmad (MZB); 1 ♂, West Sumatra, Kec. Limau Manis, Andalas University,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="54.683" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.91138333">0°54.683'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="28.35" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.4725">100°28.35'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 23. Sep.2010, H. Nugroho & J. Kojima (MZB); Sunda Strait I.: 2 ♀, P. Sebuku, S. Sumatra, 15 Jun.1955, AMR Wegner (MZB); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, P. Legundi, S. Sumatra, ♀ 19, Jun, ♂ 21 Jun.1955, AMR Wegner (MZB); 4 ♂, P. Rakata Kecil, Krakatau, 27 Jul.1982, Sk. Yamane (MZB); 1 ♂, P. Anak Krakatau, 10 Jul.1982, Sk. Yamane (MZB); Kepulauan Seribu: 6 ♀, 19 ♂, [1 ♀, Pulau Opak Besar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="40.23" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-5.6705">05°40.23'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="34.92" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="106.582">106°34.92'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 Mar.2005; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Pulau Kotok Besar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="41.976" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.6996">05°41.976'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="32.254" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.53757">106°32.254'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10 Mar.2005; 1 ♂, Pulau Samak Daun,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="43.778" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.7296333">05°43.778'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="34.313" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.571884">106°34.313'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 Mar.2005; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Pulau Pamagaran,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="38.093" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.6348834">05°38.093'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="34.74" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="106.579">106°34.74'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 24 Mar.2005; 1 ♀, Pulau Dua Timur,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="25.1" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.4183335">05°25.1'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="29.4" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="106.49">106°29.4'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 Apr.2005; 2 ♂, Pulau Bira Kecil,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="37.6" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="-5.6266665">05°37.6'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="34.53" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="106.5755">106°34.53'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12 Apr.2005; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Pulau Bundar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="31.260" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.521">05°31.260'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="31.563" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.52605">106°31.563'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 28 Apr.2005; 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Pulau Paniki,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="41.726" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.6954336">05°41.726'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="42.675" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.71125">106°42.675'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 30 Apr.2005; 4 ♂, Pulau Bokor,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="56.744" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.945733">05°56.744'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="37.917" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.63195">106°37.917'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 May.2005; 2 ♂, Pulau Lancang Besar,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="55.867" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.9311166">05°55.867'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="35.230" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.587166">106°35.230'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 7 May.2005; 3 ♂, Pulau Rambut,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="58.680" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.978">05°58.680'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="41.569" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.69282">106°41.569'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 May.2005; 3 ♂, Pulau Untung Jawa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="58.611" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-5.97685">05°58.611'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="42.181" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.70302">106°42.181'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11 May.2005], A. Spengler (MZB); Java I.: 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Carita, West Java, [1 ♀, 1 ♂, 21 Jul; 1 ♂, 13 Jul.1982], Sk. Yamane (MZB); 1 ♂, Geduwang, Baturetno, Wonogiri, Central Java, 24 Jul.2008, H. Nugroho & Giyanto (MZB); 1 ♂,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="41.73" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="-7.6955">7°41.73'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="110" direction="east" minutes="28.99" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="110.48317">110°28.99'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. about 280 m, Manisrenggo, Klaten, Central Java, 30 Jun.2009, H. Nugroho (MZB); Kangean Is.: 4 ♀, 5 ♂, Bujutan, [3♀, 23 Aug; 1 ♀, 21 Aug; 5 ♂, 23 Aug.1954], A. Hoogerwerf (MZB); Karimunjawa Is.: 1 ♀ (MZB; holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Pachymenes fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">karimonensis</emphasis>
|
||
), 1 ♂ (MZB; paratype - allotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragilis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">Pachymenes fragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="142">karimonensis</emphasis>
|
||
), "Karimon Djawa", 22-20 Nov.1930, M.A. Lieftinck; Kalimantan I.: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Central Kalimantan, Hutan Gambut Kalampangan, Palangkaraya, Pemantang Kanal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="17.956" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-2.2992666">02°17.956'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="01.625" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="114.027084">114°01.625'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. about 15 m, 31. May.2003, S Kahono (MZB); 2 ♀, 1 ♂, E. Borneo, Samarinda, Muara Kaman, alt. about 50 m, Nov.1950, AMR Wegner (MZB); 3 ♀, 4 ♂, E. Borneo, Balikpapan [2 ♀, Wain River, alt. about 50 m, Nov.1950; 1 ♀, 4 ♂, Mentawir River, alt. about 50 m, Oct.1950], AMR Wegner (MZB); Bali I.: 1 ♀,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.133333">8°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="115" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="115.066666">115°04'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Singaraja, 9 Sep.2005, J. Kojima & R. Ubaidillah (IUNH); 1 ♂, Tanah Lot, 10 Sep.2005, J. Kojima & R. Ubaidillah (IUNH); Lombok I.: 1 ♂, Mataram, 4 Nov.2000, J. Kojima (IUNH); 2 ♀, 4 ♂,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="31.903" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.531716">8°31.903'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="14.288" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.23814">116°14.288'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. about 270 m, Aiq Nyet, Lingsar, Lombok Barat, 28 Mar.2010, H. Nugroho (MZB); 1 ♀,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="34.010" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.5668335">8°34.010'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="14.009" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.23348">116°14.009'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. about 255 m, TWA Suranadi, Narmada, 27 Mar.2010, H. Nugroho (MZB); 1 ♀,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="33.065" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.551084">8°33.065'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 116°25.245
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’’">''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E, alt. about 590 m, Tetebatu, Sikur, Lombok Timur, 3 Apr.2010, H. Nugroho (MZB); Sumbawa I.: 1 ♂, Batudulang, Batulanteh, Sumbawa Besar, 10 Nov.2000, J. Kojima (IUNH); 1 ♀, 1 ♂,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="37.555" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-8.6259165">8°37.555'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="117" direction="east" minutes="10.71" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="117.1785">117°10.71'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, alt. about 920 m, Tepal, Batu Lanteh, [♀, 14 Apr.; ♂, 16 Apr.2010], H. Nugroho & Y.R. Suhardjono (MZB); Sulawesi I.: 2 ♀, [Remboken, Tondano; Rurukan, Tomohon], Minahasa Peninsula, 27 Nov.1999, J. Kojima (IUNH); 1 ♀, 2 ♂, Tompasu, Remboken, Minahasa peninsula, 29 Nov.1999, J. Kojima (IUNH).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="143" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="143" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
|
||
This species, widely distributed in southern Asia from India in the west to Moluccas and Lesser Sunda Islands (Lombok and Sumbawa, new records) in the east, is represented by four color forms formally recognized as subspecies, of which two are so far known respectively only from Bali (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">baliensis</emphasis>
|
||
) and Karimunjawa Islands (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">karimonensis</emphasis>
|
||
). As mentioned below, after examination of specimens from various localities mainly in the Indonesian Archipelago, we have reached the conclusion that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Giordani Soika" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="baliensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes baliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vecht" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="karimonensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes karimonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We tentatively treat
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">shanensis</emphasis>
|
||
Giordani Soika, 1994 as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see the checklist) until we have a chance to examine specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Myanmar including the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="shanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes shanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giordani Soika, A" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia" pageId="16" pageNumber="147" pagination="145 - 150" refId="B7" refString="Giordani Soika, A, 1987. Eumenidi raccolti a Bali e Borneo da T. Hedwiust (Hymenoptera). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 37: 145 - 150" title="Eumenidi raccolti a Bali e Borneo da T. Hedwiust (Hymenoptera)." volume="37" year="1987">Giordani Soika (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="baliensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Pachymenes troglodytes baliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the female holotype and two males (paratypes) from Bali, and according to him this subspecies is characterized by more extensive yellow markings than typical
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">troglodytes</emphasis>
|
||
as follows: tegula and parategula entirely, paired sublateral bands and apical band on metasomal tergum I (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Figs 30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">31</figureCitation>
|
||
), paired basal spots and apical bands both on tergum and sternum II, traces of apical band on tergum III, narrow apical band on sternum III, and narrow posteriomedian bands on terga IV-V. Our examination of the large number of specimens listed above, mainly from Java and Kangean Islands, shows that extensive variation in markings even occurs within local populations, thus
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">baliensis</emphasis>
|
||
would not be treated as a subspecies even if the subspecies had a position in the phylogenetic system. Van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vecht, J van der" journalOrPublisher="Treubia" pageId="18" pageNumber="149" pagination="261 - 293" refId="B29" refString="Vecht, J van der, 1937. Descriptions and records of Oriental and Papuan solitary Vespidae (Hym.). Treubia 16: 261 - 293" title="Descriptions and records of Oriental and Papuan solitary Vespidae (Hym.)." volume="16" year="1937">Vecht (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
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treated the Karimunjawa Islands population of
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<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Pachymenes troglodytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a distinct color variety and named it
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1943" class="Hexapoda" family="Vespidae" genus="Pachymenes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fragilis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Pachymenes fragilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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var.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">karimonensis</emphasis>
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. This local population is characterized by markings much reduced (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Figs 34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 30–47" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 47. Marking patterns of Apodynerus troglodytes. For the variations in Indian specimens, after Kumar et al. (2013). 30 Java, Kangean Is., Bali 31 Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 32 India, Hongkong, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Krakatau, Kangean Is., Borneo, Lesser Sunda 33 Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi, Moluccas 34 Karimunjawa Is. 35 Kangean Is., Krakatau, Bali 36 India, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Bali, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 37 India, Hongkong, Sulawesi, Java, Bali 38 India, Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 39 Sumatra, Krakatau, Lesser Sunda, Borneo, Moluccas 40 Karimunjawa Is., Sulawesi 41 Karimunjawa Is. 42 India, Hongkong, Sumatra, Java, Krakatau, Borneo, Lesser Sunda, Sulawesi 43 Sumatra, Kepulauan Seribu, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Bali, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 44 Kangean, Bali 45 India, Sumatra, Karimunjawa Is., Borneo, Sulawesi 46 Krakatau, Kangean Is., Java, Bali, Lesser Sunda 47 Vietnam, Malay peninsular, Sumatra, Krakatau, Java, Kangean Is., Borneo, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda, Moluccas 30 - 34 metasoma 35 - 40 tegula 41 - 44 female clypeus 45 - 47 male clypeus." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/11849" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">45</figureCitation>
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). The Karimunjawa Islands population does not have any morphological characters justifying treating it as a valid species, and thus
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vecht" baseAuthorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="troglodytes" subSpecies="karimonensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes karimonensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(van der Vecht, 1937) is synonymized under
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Apodynerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troglodytes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="143">Apodynerus troglodytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(de Saussure, 1856).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |