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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="59958" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b283e2-bf49-4656-8668-6086b2b4e003" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-230-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" ModsDocID="1314-2003-230-1" checkinTime="1691127498364" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda, Lobo Cabezas, Silvia &amp; Romaschenko, Konstantin" docDate="2023" docId="91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 230: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 230" docPubDate="2023-08-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882" docTitle="Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 41. 1840." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="365B97AE96F45DB295043BF02F4AF4BE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1691128203638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="32B30261EF0D228264519C450A6656B5">Taxonomic revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Central America: phylogeny and classification</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DE3E988178881AD8FAC2E321983D9D7">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D0AFBDCDDA5119B69637364655076BB1" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-5528</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BE7AC07218E415395915FD9E44419551">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5BBEEED05EF19D0E5632F894074BBF6" type="email">peterson@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0957E4194532B4476C0B75CB7F7AFDF3">Herrera Arrieta, Yolanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EFD5042EFB0F168B9002B2E30B9DA9F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6518</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="41597C74B61172F7A1094FF6447223EE">Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad-Durango-COFAA, Durango, C. P. 34220, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="B52E3D7550CCC62D98C4B522A2712891">Lobo Cabezas, Silvia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D370253EC6FEC68F290C13F9EA50357" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8100-2559</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8241D8AF0D0C39DC9D7F61A6E93E8BAA">Herbario Nacional, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica, Apartado Postal 749 - 1000, San Jose, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="697F07356AA63146829F24A2A0EBBFA5">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="22DFB0496EEF7B5407F7CE13B4ECBFDD" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-4193</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F58F4C107B6E4C8A760E53DB3F20FD34">Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="AE7C53B2C6704094589B18CE120571E1">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="76B2445131B69125CFD6EF8686F90DCB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E5E62E459D133A25B3D4E4D0E7DB542E">230</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F4742D9F0B228EDCC3460DB50495554F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="19C887C663FA571C0E3001C0DDD191B5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="5929FC7B2DEC2C74EE4FD48B819CA0F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FCBF7D2D01BC45010E9C431A5A820CEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
22.
<taxonomicName id="41817B039ED0CF3E53E0ED55EF2AA203" ID-CoL="44JLC" ID-ENA="751680" LSID="91C97AF7-37B3-5DFF-A062-5BAF5D8877FC" authority="(P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 41. 1840." authorityName="(P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1: 41. 1840." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. (ed. 2) 1:41. 1840.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85B6C6185ACA387573B4CB9D34A33FC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="D2E5DF19964648299F3BA86550D88073" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="C534B8C277268F0A2F64233997FD4370" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. A-D Muhlenbergia peruviana (P. Beauv.) Steud. A habit B floret C glumes D ligule E-H Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steud.) Swallen E habit F ligule G spikelet H floret. A-D drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4067 (US, WS) E, G, H drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 5601 (US- 3182908) F drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4675 (US, WS)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887880" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 12A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="75F7E5322EF415D25A4D3D27DD9F9C07" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="704D96A872C2E6A9F3AFC564A9CD92F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="46BDDF8CE71D89FB411074FA1057E4B8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Clomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clomena peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Clomena peruviana</taxonomicName>
P. Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 28, t. 7, f. 10; t. 3, f. 20. 1812.
<taxonomicName id="B2EA968ECA41CD70087B472ED307EF8E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">Agrostis peruviana</taxonomicName>
(P. Beauv.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:262. 1825. Type: Peru, M. Thibaut s.n. (holotype: P!; isotype: E-00373717 [image!]). Basionym.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A5183125C8B02F3CC78E350E6A0DC17" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="80F8BC1A53396CCAD64EB835E7C47AA0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Clomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clomena peruviana subsp. var. var. pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" subSpecies="var." variety="pulvinata">= Clomena peruviana var. pulvinata</taxonomicName>
Nees,
<taxonomicName id="D1B41D8E9DC8463863E22B4F8A6A5F5D" authorityName="Palisot de Beauvois" authorityYear="1812" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Gramineae</taxonomicName>
12-13. 1841.
<taxonomicName id="BB56FFE89FBB607884FCE977E0A0E615" authorityName="Nees &amp; E.Mey. ex Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Nees" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana subsp. var. var. pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" subSpecies="var." variety="pulvinata">Muhlenbergia peruviana var. pulvinata</taxonomicName>
(Nees) Nees &amp; E. Mey. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Peru, Lago Titicaca, Apr,
<emphasis id="A30670042F80F8FFF6E5A846EA351CDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.F.J. Meyen s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: B; isotype: US-3376134 fragm. ex B!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="743EBF3C1098413824200B1E4F3876F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F969F6BC3B8F9D8E55A1299AF3A898CA" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia nana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">= Muhlenbergia nana</taxonomicName>
Benth., Pl. Hartw. 262. 1846. Type: Ecuador, Mt. Cotopaxi, 1843,
<emphasis id="8515F8829DE442523431EE8E20CE45D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hartweg 1458</emphasis>
(holotype: K!; isotypes: BAA-1629!, K!, LE!, P!, US-91916 fragm. ex P!, US-995896 fragm. ex P-STEUD &amp; fragm. ex BR!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F263DD9F3C1CD9AE31A64A9DBFD52CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B23AB5721369292393F948887E488A43" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia pusilla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pusilla">= Muhlenbergia pusilla</taxonomicName>
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:177. 1854. Type:
<normalizedToken id="3A37FE43CFEA97417F45A375ED8E8B12" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="B599AA10BF3073A2D5B8C05140582198" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Valley of Toluca, Oct. 1827, J.
<emphasis id="CF7DA00193BF67C33AF52FEE10AFF932" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. Berlandier 1141</emphasis>
(holotype: P!; isotypes: BAA-1635!, K!, MO-2974185!, P!, US-1084517!, US-2561239!, US-91910 fragm. ex P!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27F6393A8625B66073A23D3C39A222A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5CEE70B88F28B3D68B8C7B2328EF3063" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Epicampes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epicampes bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">= Epicampes bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 88. 1886. Type:
<normalizedToken id="7832F65BFD5B11B5C629EF36479DFAB6" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Veracruz, Escamala, Refrou
<normalizedToken id="6256C9B6F6D375FABC6FBBF1EB2E0DE7" originalValue="D’Orizaba">D'Orizaba</normalizedToken>
, 26 Aug 1866,
<emphasis id="8792DCAB67175EE2898FDD50096AA7F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Bourgeau 2973</emphasis>
(holotype: P!; isotype: US-A0865984 fragm ex P!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA8B81968E9408BA325739096C874181" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A25F905C40F68B11DDF7B4F5A3D82E4D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">= Muhlenbergia bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
E. Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2:86. 1886. Type:
<normalizedToken id="8B8D6A401BD86CDC7A298AE85325BDA1" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Valle de
<normalizedToken id="1A3CA3C81AC9EF2A318B3E23A843E199" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Desierto Viejo, 3 Nov 1865, M. Bourgeau 1309 (lectotype: P! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991; isotype: US-87243 fragm. ex P!). ≡
<taxonomicName id="92F98AA747B6302DFB4B895E28E32C8C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Epicampes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epicampes bourgeaei" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bourgeaei">Epicampes bourgeaei</taxonomicName>
(E. Fourn.) M.E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 14:7. 1912,
<emphasis id="2BB4E4C572C532AC659410FFC44417A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">nom. illeg. hom.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFDCD682E308219608882C7BB9477744" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="186D26643FD5A6074C6CFEF128FA2F06" authorityName="Scribn. ex Beal" authorityYear="1896" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia pulcherrima" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">= Muhlenbergia pulcherrima</taxonomicName>
Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2:240. 1896. Type:
<normalizedToken id="387F0FF28909358F57D5784E28BFB9A5" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, Chihuahua: Sierra Madres, dry ledges of porphyry, 30 Sep 1887,
<emphasis id="559CCAA625942F0A427F7DC49DF3FC42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C.G. Pringle 1416</emphasis>
(holotype: MSC!; isotypes MO-3727978!, NY!, US-995494!, VT!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1F20375094F64B2F7C58B9DF31AF7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3706A5FC8A96203826C43A862743886C" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana subsp. var. var. elatior" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" subSpecies="var." variety="elatior">= Muhlenbergia peruviana var. elatior</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunarigebirge, 3000 m, May 1892,
<emphasis id="7C1700BC32F6DFDA06ECC6DD4E3DA7F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991: isotype: fragm. &amp; photo US!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0AAABF089B711D4A5CD67F738DA2BF3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="ECDC26DDD0CF41AC60E7991BE3656758" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana subsp. var. var. subcaespitosa" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="peruviana" subSpecies="var." variety="subcaespitosa">= Muhlenbergia peruviana var. subcaespitosa</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunari Mts., 4600 m, 4 May 1892,
<emphasis id="95909E1F062EF8A14E0D9838A6E10B98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16969ADA26D027EBFE162283EADC725F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A73A7273D7F6AA68A01BBE0C94DBE003" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="versicolor" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana subsp. fo." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="peruviana" subSpecies="fo.">= Muhlenbergia peruviana fo. versicolor</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Tunarigebirge, 3000 m, May 1892,
<emphasis id="D5FD8AB40E90A2E854AB35E557F1544D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991; isotype: US fragm. ex NY!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="83A9046110305AC1500BF6FEFE717BA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F7105174E98EDF2162DE00B3F967E85E" authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1898" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="viridis" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana subsp. fo." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="peruviana" subSpecies="fo.">= Muhlenbergia peruviana fo. viridis</taxonomicName>
Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(3):357. 1898. Type: Bolivia, Puna, 4000 m, 11 Mar 1892,
<emphasis id="3831553ADBE1FE3DE8DBF633C37C9944" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kuntze s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY! designated by Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:73. 1991).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F2B29C35BDE594AAC37EF5C0C8DD1889" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A1799E806557E420AB4AD6B9039EF2F1" authorityName="Henrard" authorityYear="1921" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia herzogiana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="herzogiana">= Muhlenbergia herzogiana</taxonomicName>
Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40:58. 1921. Type: Bolivia, Cordillera de Santa Bonita, Jun 1911,
<emphasis id="5C84512D4DB0F1E457B6D2B537053F3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Herzog 2226</emphasis>
(holotype: L!; isotypes: US-87248 fragm. ex L!, US-1161342!, W-1926-23724!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A94DDC4958B023FEDD5993844F73B40E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="EB18378C6D905E726B4549F100D7BDF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8BF9F0FD6561512E66B2BAB6EC7FBAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Tufted
<emphasis id="DCFBDA61608F8B82D05D6C552E24E120" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">annuals</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="A44CFB7A0E195BA01F15689053089A3A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culms</emphasis>
3-27 cm tall, erect, glabrous.
<emphasis id="53F69AFC6B9A68BBBA38FF1EF5BA025C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
usually longer than the internodes, smooth or scabridulous;
<emphasis id="FEFE5ADDC1FCC9DF105D04A91FD59452" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligules</emphasis>
1.5-3 mm long, membranous, acute;
<emphasis id="CEC9004C853203798F317C8B0EF03563" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">blades</emphasis>
1-5 cm long, 0.6-1.5 mm wide, flat to involute, smooth or scabridulous abaxially, sometimes shortly pubescent adaxially.
<emphasis id="755753F46ADBCB173DF89C77819345DD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Panicles</emphasis>
2-8 cm long, 0.3-3.4 cm wide, contracted or open;
<emphasis id="E071E22BACF687BB34384A475D72326D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">primary branches</emphasis>
1-5 cm long, diverging up to 80° from the rachises;
<emphasis id="52C45BFCA5AEB79E61A7E4E7AC0B3F2F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pedicels</emphasis>
0.4-5 mm long, smooth or scabrous.
<emphasis id="47FE9A203137A48B5C4169712A8A858D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Spikelets</emphasis>
1.4-4.2 mm long, 1-flowered;
<emphasis id="C8D482D182BE0FAC2999455CEA0D5DDE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">glumes</emphasis>
smooth or scabridulous;
<emphasis id="13FE53855974BDEC385866E1BD37ADC3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lower glumes</emphasis>
0.8-2.8 mm long, narrow to broadly lanceolate, 1-veined, acute, often awn-tipped;
<emphasis id="C12B0F91C2A00DCEFEF75C727010D455" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">upper glumes</emphasis>
0.9-3 mm long, wider than the lower glumes, lanceolate, 3(2)-veined, truncate to acute, 2- or 3-toothed;
<emphasis id="C2E414A6D5D3FFD2F4A69467074A2D0A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lemmas</emphasis>
1.4-4.2 mm long, ovate, widest near the base, purplish mottled with dark green areas, hairy on the calluses and lower 2/3 of the lemma bodies, hairs to 0.5 mm long, apices acuminate, usually bifid and awned from between the teeth, teeth to 0.5 mm long, awns 3-10 mm long, flexuous, purplish;
<emphasis id="EC67163D182A5A57D96C0DBE83C76266" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">paleas</emphasis>
1.3-3.8 mm, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate to subacute;
<emphasis id="E07400E2739FD20C827B0B0EE780096D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">anthers</emphasis>
0.5-1 mm long, purplish to yellowish.
<emphasis id="8E0D865EEF755FD39FB1989178BC3EDB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Caryopses</emphasis>
1-1.6 mm long, fusiform, brownish. 2
<emphasis id="A02D53D196BA2D3C2F58F65D809A3F1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 30.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D44B6D9D9EB5B965B81C3762A47B1158" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="857032A239D2C076951437BA01EF3209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="671CA680280E7B5AD684FDF57E9D8E3A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4918133B812C02B5F16DAECD43A34617" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="F4B39561F82050C988FEA89C2579A373" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A, throughout
<normalizedToken id="570B8FF42E893871450EA589CB33ABEB" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
to Guatemala, and then in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru (
<bibRefCitation id="A43886FE295B59CD0E71F8135A37B91B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B27" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF6589FDB4878420238E40BFCDEDF9EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="DE4CF6E171F7DA0BD5A1054CB6D84C01" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AD5F40B04926DCD8A8323F378806E31B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Grassy flats, open gravelly flats, rock outcrops, sandy washes, gravelly drainages, wet or dry meadows, canyons, gravelly or sandy slopes, valleys, shores along lakes, open ridgetops, and disturbed road cuts associated with
<taxonomicName id="7BECC1A68576A39D6550270A5CF5DB20" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aciachne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aciachne pulvinata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinata">
<emphasis id="D9E849AE5CFF3B0A2E04654B6A3FF512" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aciachne pulvinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth.,
<taxonomicName id="F4EADC66C4534E21F5A763416DD26A9A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Anatherostipa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Anatherostipa" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B4503D36F42495DB10668A54136BF4BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anatherostipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="50CA183D50DFF427B0A95305C61D2504" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis" order="Ranunculales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7A8655E313DC8F8E2CC74F3A5702F7E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Berberis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="295404278F4817938CAA2839B77640C5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Colletia" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Colletia spinosissima" order="Rhamnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissima">
<emphasis id="F0F80481562E40FD3BD656CBD52BBC0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colletia spinosissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BCF1B04A844F923A4438FB054E02D3D3" class="Ginkgoopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ephedra" order="Ephedrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Ginkgophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C150F05994008A51C862C3FB3D5BCCA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ephedra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0432769A7854504A170230970FB9435C" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca orthophylla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="orthophylla">
<emphasis id="0ECA02A0343A836C49E85ED179EC8EFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Festuca orthophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pilg.,
<taxonomicName id="50584DF92569EE7BCF2562A64C7D2957" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="98A938B40F0CD54FF51445EDFAF84950" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Festuca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.,
<taxonomicName id="4D3B17BA1DF7F7B8C1DDA5A8E9D87052" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Jarava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Jarava" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FBADB068F6C3A21F83CEB7AF09D24B93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jarava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="95CB4CA594C48788CBF10270C75E7AE8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Juncus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juncus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="40BDA85762ABF82D5CEE7A65921D2E49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Juncus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="04C3F70EC2BAED1257F3391A840A6D96" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lepidophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidophyllum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="03702CC33AD89D8B866E908593F400DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lepidophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B9AE415EBEA740B11CCFEFFA6CC8DC6B" class="Liliopsida" family="Juncaceae" genus="Luzula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Luzula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="98DF0010593B2585E3EE17F2847FF3BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Luzula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89B886C207C40C327FC3EE3C5132C935" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1794" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Margyricarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Margyricarpus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3D17E36259F79A451D3330BB810C13BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Margyricarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E979D6D8EEB3440ECED2F318965A4FC0" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityYear="1798" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygalaceae" genus="Monnina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monnina" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F05B561BCA7B60185C5C15342FE7C7EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monnina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="027221EE3F6EB55EA54F44A0D3EEF829" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="23489923002BFF4825BB49C6A588E744" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.,
<taxonomicName id="B25C8DE2ABE700624B79BF8CF95F9F9A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Nassella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nassella" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3429053794892DA16288F0FB6DF66BD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nassella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B582D5CACC5D03C15959778E61E237DA" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago" order="Plantaginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B081DB37231F51486CE0EAC5B7950FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plantago</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38D010E3179940ED543DD6125F6B469B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="754C3B8B8306311C8250DB60F5050A98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ssp.,
<taxonomicName id="8347CF72FA9D3E4D659B9B6F9E060D68" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Polylepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polylepis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6CE936706D74D0C3EB4537344FE73C16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polylepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="51FB269C34744019A93134F152219B93" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BA84144E63A75777892BD1E1C9AFE50D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E4DC0660D031DD02E79780446DAEBB9E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Pycnophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pycnophyllum" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3D03819CD500FB0D1508BBB1785622C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pycnophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="95E30F2B8456F81AE1BD53191937B5E2" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia oppositiflora" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="oppositiflora">
<emphasis id="545FA73AD74879A1ABDBC9864015E578" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Salvia oppositiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav.,
<taxonomicName id="4EA65F8F07946D3BFFD0B84151AB9895" authorityName="Cavanilles" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stevia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stevia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="275C0EBAE413859798F1F42267424285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9E3510D7D46258FD5633A8D2FB50AAFC" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tagetes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tagetes" order="Campanulales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C17D5650AC3434613E6520B4A9A6BCFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tagetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3000-4900 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA713E578AAAA286AC6540A9F9AABB9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph id="0F088CD01775346E122A582E15237510" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B990F5E1E0010B4E3F10DCDD1DA0F24A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
As treated here,
<taxonomicName id="911AA017D740917F7CCEACD61E4A8839" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="FF8A66010CEA27037AA4085065129619" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes (as synonyms) what was sometimes identified as
<taxonomicName id="B7D2E7276A2F62D1CE71D3A54DC1383F" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pulcherrima" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pulcherrima">
<emphasis id="43828A184949BDCA56DC119B2B27485B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pulcherrima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Scribn. ex Beal (southwestern USA and northern
<normalizedToken id="624C99CCED21D5FA1DBF67F58267B118" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
) and
<taxonomicName id="14B1ECCAADB2D649D7D09A1510A1F391" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. pusilla" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pusilla">
<emphasis id="26E73A5EEC1469C8547422F7E8459C37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. pusilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Steud. (central
<normalizedToken id="292695216A3B9C2B92C90454F62719C1" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
to Guatemala). There are many more morphological forms than just these, and since the only chromosome count of this species suggests triploidy (2
<emphasis id="800326EBA7476C494A8155E868AE84FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 3
<emphasis id="5D4888BC6BF246CCE2A2EF8E7159B05D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">x</emphasis>
=30), perhaps this species is apomictic (
<bibRefCitation id="2990C3C39B1C8868A5BA5F8EBB3E86E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" author="Reeder, JR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="69 - 86" refId="B47" refString="Reeder, JR, 1968. Notes on Mexican grasses VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers-2. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 95 (1): 69 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" title="Notes on Mexican grasses VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers- 2." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2483808" volume="95" year="1968">Reeder 1968</bibRefCitation>
). We believe apomixis is occurring in this species but that it is not obligate, and that gene flow takes place sporadically to form intermediates maintained by asexual seed formation (
<bibRefCitation id="C5E3CFE0AE9CD6DE636723A6D63AEFB8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B27" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5EA3408134E0B6FED64F9221604EF0ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In a molecular DNA sequence analysis
<taxonomicName id="F85E49A97EC7970E69E16227DCFE16F0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="66499894FFBF85898C21A9643E934F73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to
<taxonomicName id="9073C3F9323ED418D623C4DAEF4A0210" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
<emphasis id="702F60276A483628F24E475182864999" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc., another annual known only from Texas and north central
<normalizedToken id="F807261A368F4135BA89F1292E7BE832" originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
, and this pair is embedded in the strongly supported
<taxonomicName id="10EEC2E9CDD72C024E412101AF596DD9" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. (Clomena) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clomena">M. subg. Clomena</taxonomicName>
clade (
<bibRefCitation id="3A96D64FCD8A484F7B6F7C8E007530D5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C666F91FE02B506D25E6630AD9380CCB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="621 - 629" refId="B41" refString="Peterson, PM, Roquet, C, Romaschenko, K, Herrera Arrieta, Y, Susanna, A, 2021. A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 60 (3): 621 - 629, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" title="A biogeographical analysis of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Muhlenbergiinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12805" volume="60" year="2021">Peterson et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Members of
<taxonomicName id="FA568E8B6C2B74A4F5CAE40B2772F3E0" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. (Clomena) subsp. subg." order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Clomena">M. subg. Clomena</taxonomicName>
possess spikelets with upper glumes that are 3-veined and often 3-toothed and have a densely caespitose habit (
<bibRefCitation id="9687630E7A1A1FA2D8DEA0E61E99D0FE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="B07D3C2D33557AA789EB5FDBA6AB7474" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia peruviana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="9214C5BF4AA65B9AE8967228F8D7D13D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="7F75B705475976440595A48FB320D236" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
<emphasis id="1959F5757A835853B8CE152171D62E36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having purplish irregularly flexuous, purplish awns (versus sinuous-wavy, crisped and curled, olive-green awns in
<taxonomicName id="B51BC70955CDA6D610CB710888491E98" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. crispiseta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crispiseta">
<emphasis id="7B546B5090BE7D92BB0500579A822CEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. crispiseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and narrow, gradually acuminate lemmas (versus lemmas that are plump near middle) [
<bibRefCitation id="EAAE8E2E3C7A523D9B9D424F43B7BDDC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B27" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B113A7070DADAE30730E02A43318303" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B7549E6CD162521E8DDDBE31A7B4ACEA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="913A26001B5276A2BBF7FF411735F036" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="0C1C38782A24E19C63CDBA34FADF87FD" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="P. M. Peterson, C. R. Annable, Treeless, Calaveras, L. O" country="US" county="Cuchumatanes" location="La Capellania" municipality="Sierra" specimenCount="9" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">
Guatemala.
<emphasis id="FC4878CB2D25411D8789EC0F18E3760F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingRegion id="56AD671F000EEAD47F6200BE84D8D0DE" country="Guatemala" name="Huehuetenango">Huehuetenango</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location id="B50D3DDBD7C37CA6AAE40BD1A82BF70F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:B50D3DDBD7C37CA6AAE40BD1A82BF70F" country="US" county="Cuchumatanes" municipality="Sierra" name="La Capellania" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">La Capellania</location>
,
<location id="EB02A24319E4ABA12EE92EC7E1A7FE79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:EB02A24319E4ABA12EE92EC7E1A7FE79" country="US" county="Cuchumatanes" municipality="Sierra" name="Sierra" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">Sierra</location>
de los
<location id="4407AF84BD17EB6D0186D2B1118B0FF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:4407AF84BD17EB6D0186D2B1118B0FF8" country="US" county="Cuchumatanes" municipality="Sierra" name="Cuchumatanes" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">Cuchumatanes</location>
, 1.0 miles
<locationDeviation id="503D78C21C9FDAF21479B2A9ACC963EB" location="La Capellania">NW of La Capellania</locationDeviation>
on hwy 9N and
<quantity id="4D617A2C0F9C89D720549CA8AF9F5278" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97949312" unit="mi" value="12.3">12.3 miles</quantity>
N of
<collectingRegion id="9A2A2725EDC9946AF5D55BFA5C25D8F2" country="Guatemala" name="Huehuetenango">Huehuetenango</collectingRegion>
,
<emphasis id="A016CCC132DAB8FB83829F566B468F64" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="E59E301E519E6095AA470635CA3316F7">P.M. Peterson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="19C836E688CE300B9ED07A0368784953">C.R. Annable</collectorName>
4683
</emphasis>
(GH, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, RSA, UC,
<collectingCountry id="6A641D55AAE4814DE98D70CEE327ACDC" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
, WS);
<location id="4190687EDC94BACCD5F6643291A45141" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:4190687EDC94BACCD5F6643291A45141" country="US" county="Cuchumatanes" municipality="Sierra" name="Tojiah" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">Tojiah</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="49D78BF1D152928851CC808E1595C85D">Sierra</collectingMunicipality>
de los
<collectingCounty id="860D4A6F3FCA48FDCC908C204316CEC1">Cuchumatanes</collectingCounty>
,
<locationDeviation id="E597E72265D77E1C4D97DDF3CF0114B5" location="Tojiah">
<quantity id="670460702F4E9963BEDDB1618D8EE8F5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 miles</quantity>
SW of Tojiah
</locationDeviation>
on hwy
<specimenCount id="3BE5AD068CA553A27EC656EAC98886D8" type="generic">9 N.</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="7F3CFC380453B5A7FA05898E2A4BE664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="C1E0EED6143CE6B5DCAD36EB7CCD5C3F">P.M. Peterson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="56456187833C74ECE90246EE56031377">C.R. Annable</collectorName>
4698
</emphasis>
(GH, MO, NY,
<collectingCountry id="1B77E01CDDE0C56213B25EFF2B39A4FC" name="South Africa">RSA</collectingCountry>
, US, WS);
<collectorName id="2CF8DBE7D580EDA382A6F3C5E34A1A40">Treeless</collectorName>
paramo-like plain near
<collectorName id="058D3BA119DA43B3DC113AF179543B94">
Calaveras,
<emphasis id="A3D01F11D9D979BD7384A3E0EEE740B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.O. Williams et al. 21961</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(
<collectingCountry id="A44DFCE322FB264E580767B00D37131F" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="BADA2C37E97655BDF916B08B7448029A" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="Volcan Tacana, M, Veliz" country="United States of America" location="San Marcos" municipality="Tacana" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">
<emphasis id="D5A8F8E03FF491D59756A064EB24E53D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<location id="C763E996BA7DC3D4CEE6C22D48B5E884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:C763E996BA7DC3D4CEE6C22D48B5E884" country="United States of America" municipality="Tacana" name="San Marcos" stateProvince="Huehuetenango">San Marcos</location>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="956F8F5771DDDC455E3748BC8CFEC4E3">Tacana</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="3CF56FDF8BB175959FEB7D9A7F12C508">
<normalizedToken id="562EEEDB2CD7288CA5ECB92F3FD5524A" originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E653029225CAEF5C5B29F81480121F30" originalValue="Tacaná">Tacana</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="09AE2830611324EB61E463EAC6B3807D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
M.
<normalizedToken id="A720FF1BECD0DF5C8F3D56CD2D677CE8" originalValue="Véliz">
<collectorName id="34E0425F2949FD15B045D0ECF70109B4">Veliz</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
et al. 10587
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="257BA733E8545376027FCAAEA5F38439" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="El Porvenir, P. M, Peterson, C. R. Annable" country="Mexico" location="NW de Motozintla de Mendoza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
<collectingCountry id="B84EC1C9AE2E993F1DC767E41E0C9547" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="466D26C6CD94C66AAE1D32F853CC5A96" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="99D5BEB040384F32FAD36D3446BFBFEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:99D5BEB040384F32FAD36D3446BFBFEA" country="Mexico" name="NW de Motozintla de Mendoza" stateProvince="Chiapas">NW de Motozintla de Mendoza</location>
on road to
<collectorName id="E6A9081F2E90BA21331AB5E19410F798">
El Porvenir,
<emphasis id="FD16A54950BDF07F63B09BCAA95AF302" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.M.
<collectorName id="2DD4453CD777D47197A64639363F1077">Peterson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="3D3DE57B0DF7C58A2850D013A531091B">C.R. Annable</collectorName>
4712
</emphasis>
</collectorName>
(US)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="19264D31503E261F7B407A04A0FA98DD" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="P. M. Peterson, C. R. Annable" country="US" location="13 mi NW de Motozintla de Mendoza" specimenCount="1">
<location id="4E3627D522F12993A7A0B60BD3AE8D46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C97AF737B35DFFA0625BAF5D8877FC:4E3627D522F12993A7A0B60BD3AE8D46" country="US" name="13 mi NW de Motozintla de Mendoza">
<quantity id="ED93C9763B2EF46F38DDD9863D7182AE" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0921472" unit="mi" value="13.0">13 mi</quantity>
NW de Motozintla de Mendoza
</location>
off road to El Porvenir at top of cumbre below tower,
<emphasis id="5A38C922014A7EF41BBF508271E5CD42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="C6E664C49FBC7D535D588CC5B43DEB09">P.M. Peterson</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="F785E52966A03DFB03AEF07671E85305">C.R. Annable</collectorName>
4714
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="7A1DB4BC643805289565600A390E4894" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="02CB4003736C25F1AF2849C263B5173A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.230.103882.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/887885" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph id="D85DC749F255C2D68735EC1F915C5CDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B6D251E88BAD478354F309A42843DE0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 17.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F3AB5CB5345518E0DC9A9384ED8A11E5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="177A83F4812CCDED05189ABB56FD80FF" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia phalaroides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phalaroides">
<emphasis id="4A6F79229970C44A3C05E75EDD50A827" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia phalaroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) P.M. Peterson
<emphasis id="7BC8A9EEDEA1940F955C9FC625BE3543" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
culm with inflorescence
<emphasis id="AD896C9012B4A191D3BF7F39AF01D0FE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
spikelet
<emphasis id="C75258910AF5B3F49F8706601246C71C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E899DEB400EBBAA00C93CBCBE57D2F42" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia tenella" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="14CD98E64E420EEFF3C2F0D05985B089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Muhlenbergia tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Trin.
<emphasis id="B59F7CA74275151082122A87A869A5FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis id="D8CBA2265B7C290DA0CE46F0EF8E0937" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ligule
<emphasis id="F4D0F37C456B14F1FD6E7EE4CF2FBC53" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
glumes
<emphasis id="E892A4DC45C7B0B560A440241343F35D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
floret.
<emphasis id="D1175CF6345BF8467F9F5E8007C4E110" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
drawn from
<emphasis id="FC6559C0B11EF7ED9008D707B840FA4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
S.
<normalizedToken id="331684BA9623532BCE5E12FBB99D9A3A" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
71419
</emphasis>
(AAU)
<emphasis id="36717C84125DB3F6F17535F709622CEA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-F</emphasis>
drawn from
<emphasis id="10D461A594DECBD4ADAA67E4D7D05B18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.M. Peterson &amp; C.R. Annable 4755</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="5830D14874BB0E4A959641619F12BD4D" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
, WS).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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