260 lines
30 KiB
XML
260 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="0216324E0286D4B6F851682F2FD65B8C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1321.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5071103" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625504038740" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silveira, Orlando Tobias" docDate="2006" docId="041387CF4B5BFFE6FE9FFEDFFDA1FC8C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01321p108.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1321 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1321.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Mischocyttarus injucundus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="92" masterDocId="F82AFFB74B01FFBDFF97FFC4FFA3FFB2" masterDocTitle="Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)" masterLastPageNumber="108" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1698989677293" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EF5088715ED1F6D7ABAAB61094E800EF">
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<mods:title id="E1B34F49663E26FECF039C486672CBE3">Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="51B9F57B7F3A1C7663B1020CEEF01C0D">Silveira, Orlando Tobias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3745BBBE6B6225F9CDFC001DE8B41597">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E0B7B75A8AE35D88E796A1EA1FB8E075">
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<mods:date id="545573F3D311E91C3F5D16E364F70910">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="363F5AC1A397123924C53C8470029AFC">2006-09-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C7701D7E30CD069CF02C280E4E96E0B3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F8A1EFBD1C80ED9F05CC9EA87314FB72">1321</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="B83A8494429E5F05DBFF017B666264BB">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1321.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="77E647B122CD926E3E7D48971954CE9E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="045062E620713A3BD254A464A3048876" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1321.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0906D018925FC69088DAEFEEE8AA4CE5" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="041387CF4B5BFFE6FE9FFEDFFDA1FC8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5073116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5073116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:041387CF4B5BFFE6FE9FFEDFFDA1FC8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/041387CF4B5BFFE6FE9FFEDFFDA1FC8C" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection id="C4A065524B5BFFE7FE9FFEDFFCD8FE87" box="[264,891,283,310]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B5BFFE7FE9FFEDFFCD8FE87" blockId="90.[264,891,283,310]" box="[264,891,283,310]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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<heading id="D74D81B54B5BFFE7FE9FFEDFFCD8FE87" bold="true" box="[264,891,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE9FFEDFFCD8FE87" bold="true" box="[264,891,283,310]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FE15FED8FCD8FE87" ID-CoL="43MXV" authority="(de Saussure)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[386,891,283,310]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE15FED8FD68FE84" bold="true" box="[386,715,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mischocyttarus injucundus</emphasis>
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(de Saussure)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C4A065524B5BFFE6FE9FFEA3FDA1FC8C" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B5BFFE7FE9FFEA3FD86FCA3" blockId="90.[264,1324,359,1905]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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The next two species represent (in reduced form) what
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FC2EFEA3FBD9FE33" author="Richards, O. W." box="[953,1146,359,385]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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called the
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FA9CFEA3FE2BFE1A" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FA9CFEA3FA80FE32" box="[1291,1315,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE9FFE4BFE2BFE1A" box="[264,392,399,424]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group. He continued the splitting process initiated by
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FB11FE4BFA89FE1B" author="Ducke, A." box="[1158,1322,399,425]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="314 - 374" refId="ref61530" refString="Ducke, A. (1918) Catalogo das vespas do Brazil. Revista do Museu Paulista, S. Paulo, 10, 314 - 374." type="journal article" year="1918">Ducke (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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with the recognition of the new variety
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FD42FE73FBB1FE62" authorityName=": Fonseca" authorityYear="1926" box="[725,1042,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="injucundus" variety="bertonii">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD42FE73FD4EFE62" box="[725,749,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD6BFE73FCDFFE62" box="[764,892,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FC22FE73FBB1FE62" box="[949,1042,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">bertonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FBB7FE73FB7DFE63" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1056,1246,439,465]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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added more three names, one of them at the subspecies level. His scheme had the following constitution:
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FE32FDC3FD8FFD92" authorityName="Ducke. Both" authorityYear="1918" box="[421,556,519,545]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bertonii">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE32FDC3FE1EFD92" box="[421,445,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE58FDC3FD8FFD92" box="[463,556,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">bertonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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described from
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<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FD63FDC3FCC2FD93" box="[756,865,519,545]" name="Paraguay" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
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as variety by
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FB86FDC3FB1BFD93" author="Ducke, A." box="[1041,1208,519,545]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="314 - 374" refId="ref61530" refString="Ducke, A. (1918) Catalogo das vespas do Brazil. Revista do Museu Paulista, S. Paulo, 10, 314 - 374." type="journal article" year="1918">Ducke (1918)</bibRefCitation>
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, and first recognized as a species by
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FDC1FDEBFD55FDFB" author="Zikan, J. F." box="[598,758,559,585]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref63415" refString="Zikan, J. F. (1949) O genero Mischocyttarus Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), com a descricao de 82 especies novas. Boletim do Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, 1, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1949">Zikán (1949)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FC91FDEBFC39FDFA" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[774,922,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FC91FDEBFCBDFDFA" box="[774,798,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCA7FDEBFC39FDFA" box="[816,922,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">jucundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a new species based on a single specimen from Manaus, AM,
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<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FDE1FD93FD62FDC3" box="[630,705,599,625]" name="Brazil" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FD46FD93FCC7FDC2" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[721,868,599,625]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruanus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD46FD93FD4AFDC2" box="[721,745,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD6BFD93FCC7FDC2" box="[764,868,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">juruanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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another new species also based on a single specimen from Rio Juruá, AM; and finally
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FCF5FDBBFB14FD2B" authority="(de Saussure)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[866,1207,639,665]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCF5FDBBFCD9FD2A" box="[866,890,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FC1BFDBBFBAFFD2A" box="[908,1036,639,664]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
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(de Saussure)
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</taxonomicName>
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with two subspecies besides the nominate one,
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FD75FD63FB66FD73" authority="(Cameron)" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[738,1221,679,705]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="injucundus" subSpecies="bimarginatus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD75FD63FB9AFD72" box="[738,1081,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M. injucundus bimarginatus</emphasis>
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(Cameron)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FA9CFD63FD83FD5A" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="injucundus" subSpecies="tingomariae">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FA9CFD63FD83FD5A" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M. injucundus tingomariae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the latter described on the base of various specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FB79FD0BFA84FD5B" box="[1262,1319,719,745]" name="Peru" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FE9FFD33FEC8FCA3" box="[264,363,759,785]" name="Ecuador" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FE3EFD33FD82FCA3" box="[425,545,759,785]" name="Colombia" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C0536D94B5BFFE7FEAFFCDBFCF0FAAB" blockId="90.[264,1324,359,1905]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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Richards’ scheme is inadequate in face of character´ distributions being more complex than previously envisioned. An earlier treatment (
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<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FCC2FC83FBA3FCD3" author="Silveira, O. T." box="[853,1024,839,865]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref63012" refString="Silveira, O. T. (2000) Relacoes filogeneticas dos subgeneros de Mischocyttarus Saussure e Revisao taxonomica do subgenero Kappa Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae). Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Sao Paulo, S. Paulo, 295 pp." type="book" year="2000">Silveira, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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; unpublished) tentatively considered three major groups of forms: one occurring on the extreme northnortheastern parts of South America corresponding to typical
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FCDBFC53FC56FC02" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[844,1013,919,945]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCDBFC53FCC7FC02" box="[844,868,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCE3FC53FC56FC02" box="[884,1013,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, another group in centralsouthern regions of the continent corresponding to
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FCF9FC7BFC57FC6A" authorityName="Ducke. Both" authorityYear="1918" box="[878,1012,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bertonii">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCF9FC7BFC25FC6A" box="[878,902,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FC00FC7BFC57FC6A" box="[919,1012,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">bertonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and finally a third group widely distributed across Amazon Basin and reaching sub Andean regions corresponding to the names
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FE57FBCBFD8BFB9A" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[448,552,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juruanus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE57FBCBFD8BFB9A" box="[448,552,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">juruanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FDD7FBCBFD09FB9A" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1978" box="[576,682,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FDD7FBCBFD09FB9A" box="[576,682,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">jucundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD62FBCBFC27FB9A" box="[757,900,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">tingomariae</emphasis>
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. However, characters supposedly diagnostic of this latter group proved to be inconsistent in respect to
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<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FBADFBF3FB41FBE2" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1082,1250,1079,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
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<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FBADFBF3FB41FBE2" box="[1082,1250,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M. injucundus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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when additional specimens from Amapá and Maranhão were examined, so Richards´ three names above are here considered synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FCA9FB43FB37FB13" authority="(de Saussure)" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[830,1172,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCA9FB43FCF5FB12" box="[830,854,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FCF0FB43FC44FB12" box="[871,999,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
|
||
(de Saussure)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the subspecific status conferred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FD34FB6BFCC2FB7B" author="Richards, O. W." box="[675,865,1199,1225]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FC11FB6BFB49FB7B" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[902,1258,1199,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimarginata">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FC11FB6BFBDBFB7A" box="[902,1144,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Polybia bimarginata</emphasis>
|
||
Cameron
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FE9FFB13FEC0FB43" box="[264,355,1239,1265]" name="Guyana" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FE36FB13FDA6FB43" box="[417,517,1239,1265]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
is not justified, since the supposed color differences are not larger than variation observed within typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FD5BFB3BFCEFFAAA" baseAuthorityName="de Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[716,844,1279,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Mischocyttarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucundus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD5BFB3BFCEFFAAA" box="[716,844,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucundus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C0536D94B5BFFE6FEAFFAE3FBBBFE1C" blockId="90.[264,1324,359,1905]" lastBlockId="91.[264,1323,284,830]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Recent checking of the designation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FD6AFAE3FC18FAF3" author="Richards, O. W." box="[765,955,1319,1345]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5301887B4B5BFFE7FB9BFAE3FBD4FAF3" box="[1036,1143,1319,1345]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species, as well as its depository resulted in unexpected problems, as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FBACFA8BFAA4FADB" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[1083,1287,1359,1385]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref60794" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (1999) Taxonomic Notes on Paper Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae). American Museum Novitates, 3259, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1999">Carpenter (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FD95FAB3FBD0FA23" authority=", H. de Saussure (1854: 200)" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityPageNumber="200" authorityYear="1854" box="[514,1139,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD95FAB3FD45FA22" box="[514,742,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Polybia injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
, H. de Saussure (1854: 200)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated the Massimiliano Spinola Collection in Turin as the only depository of the specimens, without mentioning the Paris Museum (MNHN).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FC8FFA03FC7DFA53" author="Richards, O. W." box="[792,990,1479,1505]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(but not
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FBF3FA03FA83FA53" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1124,1312,1479,1505]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="295 - 462" refId="ref62428" refString="Richards, O. W. (1945) A revision of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hymen., Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London, 95, 295 - 462." type="journal article" year="1945">Richards, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) committed mistakes in quoting de Saussure’s work, as well as in reproducing collecting data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5301887B4B5BFFE7FE1AF9D3FE58F983" box="[397,507,1559,1585]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, errors that were partially corrected in the 1983
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FBAFF9D3FAA8F982" box="[1080,1291,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">errata et addenda</emphasis>
|
||
to the 1978 book.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FE54F9FBFD2DF9EB" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[451,654,1599,1625]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref60794" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (1999) Taxonomic Notes on Paper Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae). American Museum Novitates, 3259, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1999">Carpenter (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not find the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5301887B4B5BFFE7FCCEF9FBFC67F9EB" box="[857,964,1599,1625]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the Paris MNHN, and also could not find citations to the species in the catalogue of the Spinola collection by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FB5EF9A3FDF5F91B" author="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R." pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="27 - 74" refId="ref60972" refString="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R. (1978) Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica de Massi- miliano Spinola. 1 a Parte. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 5, 27 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978">Casolari and Casolari Moreno (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5BFFE7FDF1F94BFD06F91B" author="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R." box="[614,677,1679,1705]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="91 - 130" refId="ref61019" refString="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R. (1979) Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica de Massimiliano Spinola. 3 a Parte. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 4, 91 - 130." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Actually, the only name in the catalogue (related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FE9FF973FDBFF963" authority="Ducke" authorityName="Ducke" authorityYear="1904" box="[264,540,1719,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Megacanthopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FE9FF973FE60F962" box="[264,451,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Megacanthopus</emphasis>
|
||
Ducke
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is the epithet “
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FD48F973FC9FF962" box="[735,828,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">infidens</emphasis>
|
||
”, indeed of de Saussure’s authorship but never published, and referring to a specimen from Tampico,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5BFFE7FC41F91BFB97F94B" box="[982,1076,1759,1785]" name="Mexico" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, Carpenter evidently could not see in the catalogue the citation of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FB85F8C3FB24F892" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1042,1159,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FB85F8C3FB24F892" box="[1042,1159,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coming from the same “escatola 106” as
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FDC7F8EBFD0EF8FA" box="[592,685,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">infidens</emphasis>
|
||
, but under the generic name “Rhopalidia Lepeletier”. The numeric codes in the catalogue associated with the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5BFFE7FBB3F893FB3AF8C2" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[1060,1177,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5BFFE7FBB3F893FB3AF8C2" box="[1060,1177,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 40 (de Saussure authorship), 180 (Pará, the locality), 33 (Ghiliani, the collector of the specimens), and 3 (the number of specimens). So according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5AFFE6FCFAFE80FA85FEEC" author="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R." box="[877,1318,324,350]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="27 - 74" refId="ref60972" refString="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R. (1978) Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica de Massi- miliano Spinola. 1 a Parte. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 5, 27 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978">Casolari and Casolari Moreno (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5AFFE6FE9FFEA8FEE5FE34" author="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R." box="[264,326,364,390]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" pagination="91 - 130" refId="ref61019" refString="Casolari, C. & Casolari Moreno, R. (1979) Catalogo della collezione imenotterologica de Massimiliano Spinola. 3 a Parte. Bollettino del Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Universita di Torino, 4, 91 - 130." type="journal article" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5AFFE6FE79FEA8FD64FE37" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[494,711,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5AFFE6FE79FEA8FD64FE37" box="[494,711,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Polybia injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are deposited in Spinola’s collection in the “Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali” of the University of Turin (MIZT).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8C0536D94B5AFFE6FEAFFE78FDA1FC8C" blockId="91.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Richards apparently never saw specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5AFFE6FC15FE78FBC1FE67" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[898,1122,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5AFFE6FC15FE78FBC1FE67" box="[898,1122,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Polybia injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Spinola’s collection. In his revisions of 1945 and 1978, he does not mention loans or visits to the University of Turin. However, there seems to be no doubt as to the identity of de Saussure’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5AFFE6FE1BFDF0FDC6FDFF" authorityName=", H. de Saussure" authorityYear="1854" box="[396,613,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="injucunda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BECEEACB4B5AFFE6FE1BFDF0FDC6FDFF" box="[396,613,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Polybia injucunda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among the named forms in this species group. The concept presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E82B4B284B5AFFE6FE3CFD98FDCFFDC4" author="Richards, O. W." box="[427,620,604,630]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" refId="ref62496" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the nominate subspecies corresponds very well to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4BBA4D5A4B5AFFE6FE9FFD40FE03FD2C" box="[264,416,644,670]" form="usually" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" rank="form">form usually</taxonomicName>
|
||
found in the proximity of the city of Belém, which earlier authors simply cited as “Pará”. The travel of V. Ghiliani (collector of the specimens described by de Saussure) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5AFFE6FE30FD10FE4DFD5C" box="[423,494,724,750]" name="Brazil" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 1846 is mentioned in Papavero (1973: 342). He stayed for three months in Belém before returning to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F4AD76494B5AFFE6FD58FD38FCA5FCA4" box="[719,774,764,790]" name="Italy" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which imparts confidence about the specific locality of collecting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |