408 lines
74 KiB
XML
408 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="E10DCE7B8388FFA3705B7A8C049E4928" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="27b0a730-9b28-4276-b74c-ec0ca0fb0740" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="290024" ID-ZooBank="5A09E35D-3019-4F99-8A77-B7E2E637804D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461341477193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dollin, Anne E., Dollin, Leslie J. & Rasmussen, Claus" docDate="2015" docId="03DF87DDA314FFB48589EE273A5FFC63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04047p073.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4047 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Austroplebeia Moure" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFE6FFA5A301FFA3851EEA3E383BFFC4" masterDocTitle="Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698620298085" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="805F861438DCE46921F398DF1FB1CABD">Australian and New Guinean Stingless Bees of the Genus Austroplebeia Moure (Hymenoptera: Apidae) — a revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3AAB814AA3C6151332E955B039E118C9">Dollin, Anne E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FCED3CADD9C1662D634AB6B3DB7E2171">Dollin, Leslie J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="112708258A84BEE63D8BA7D38AAEF309">Rasmussen, Claus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1AA51FA64C05B196962955EEEAC96B44">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F8DCD0AC3852C3F801E8D0DF8F197541">
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<mods:date id="F25829F55E91CF07C25DF22933D99823">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6E8AE1B7F7A0A6AE3FFA529299D40DDE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="6DA2BA8C332E9EEE73F1925FE6AB1B89">4047</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DBCDE2D0D3CC75E8AFA6F05B8003B5E5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A1F994956994AD0F5D792ABDA4A79960" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4047.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87DDA314FFB48589EE273A5FFC63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127694289" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87DDA314FFB48589EE273A5FFC63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87DDA314FFB48589EE273A5FFC63" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A314FFB68589EE2739CAFBF7" box="[151,497,1048,1075]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB68589EE2739CAFBF7" blockId="21.[151,497,1048,1075]" box="[151,497,1048,1075]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="D08181A7A314FFB68589EE2739CAFBF7" bold="true" box="[151,497,1048,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68589EE2739CAFBF7" bold="true" box="[151,497,1048,1075]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB685F0EE2639CAFBF7" ID-CoL="36GB" authority="Moure" authorityName="Moure" box="[238,497,1048,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB685F0EE2639ADFBF6" bold="true" box="[238,406,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
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Moure
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A314FFB68589EE5E3A02FB77" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB68589EE5E390FFB50" blockId="21.[151,1436,1120,1203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A314FFB68589EE5E390FFB50" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB68589EE5E39DDFBB2" ID-CoL="36GB" authority="Moure 1961: 195" authorityName="Moure" authorityPageNumber="195" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,486,1120,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68589EE5E391FFBB2" box="[151,292,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA314FFB68433EE5F39DDFBB2" author="Moure" box="[301,486,1120,1142]" page="195" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA314FFB68433EE5F398BFBB2" author="Moure" box="[301,432,1120,1142]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Moure, J. S. (1961) A preliminary supra-specific classification of the old world meliponine bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Studia Entomologica, 4, 181 - 242." type="journal article" year="1961">Moure 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 195
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54CD8869A314FFB684EDEE5F3A1EFBB2" box="[499,549,1121,1142]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB68796EE5E3C19FBB2" ID-CoL="JXTY" authority="Cockerell 1910" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1910" box="[648,1058,1120,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68796EE5E3B51FBB2" box="[648,874,1120,1142]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Austroplebeia cassiae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA314FFB68664EE5E3C20FBB2" author="Cockerell" box="[890,1051,1120,1142]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1910) New and little known bees. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 36, 199 - 249." type="journal article" year="1910">Cockerell 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA314FFB68027EE5E390BFB50" author="Michener" page="133" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA314FFB68027EE5E38C6FB50" author="Michener" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Michener, C. D. (1990) Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Appendix: Trigona genalis Friese, a hitherto unplaced New Guinea species. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 54, 75 - 164." type="journal article" year="1990">Michener 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 133
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB68589EEA03A02FB77" blockId="21.[151,1436,1120,1203]" box="[151,569,1181,1203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6611E5A314FFB68589EEA03A02FB77" box="[151,569,1181,1203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB68589EEA03971FB77" ID-CoL="7ZXH" authority="(Plebeia)" baseAuthorityName="Plebeia" box="[151,330,1181,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68589EEA038DCFB77" box="[151,231,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trigona</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB685E8EEA33978FB77" box="[246,323,1181,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Plebeia</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710DAA314FFB6847DEEA33A0EFB77" author="Michener" box="[355,565,1181,1203]" page="230" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA314FFB6847DEEA33A39FB77" author="Michener" box="[355,514,1181,1203]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Michener, C. D. (1965) A classification of the bees of the Australian and south Pacific regions. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 130, 1 - 362." type="journal article" year="1965">Michener 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 230
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6540A314FFB68589EEE13C2AFA69" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB68589EEE13B52FA4C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68589EEE13A18FB3C" bold="true" box="[151,547,1247,1272]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Diagnosis of genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB68462EEE13A27FB3C" box="[380,540,1247,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68462EEE13A27FB3C" bold="true" box="[380,540,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Workers small, dark and robust, body length 3.0–
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<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA314FFB68149EEDE3C8BFB33" box="[1111,1200,1248,1272]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
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. Scutellum short and rounded, only slightly over-roofing metanotum (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB687DDEF3A3B21FAD9" box="[707,794,1284,1309]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 25</figureCitation>
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a–d). Scutellum and face usually with cream to yellow maculations (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB6842FEF193940FA84" box="[305,379,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,197,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia workers. In many specimens, these cuticle markings may be obscured by hair on the clypeus and paraocular area. Visualisation of these markings can be improved by tilting the bee's head back and viewing the face obliquely." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290025/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68493EF1639A6FA84" box="[397,413,1320,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1462,1484]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,205,1410]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1440]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Face colour marking grades used to classify Austroplebeia males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290026/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB684B3EF193986FA84" box="[429,445,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Thorax colour marking grades used to classify workers and males of Austroplebeia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290029/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB684D3EF193A2CFA84" box="[461,535,1319,1344]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 22" captionStart-1="FIGURE 23" captionStart-2="FIGURE 24" captionStart-3="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-1="35.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-2="36.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionStartId-3="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-1="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-2="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-3="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-1="figure@35.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-2="figure@36.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId-0="34" captionTargetPageId-1="35" captionTargetPageId-2="36" captionTargetPageId-3="37" captionText-0="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 23. Austroplebeia male faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 24. Austroplebeia queen faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/290047/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/290048/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">22–25</figureCitation>
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). Tibia III inner surface with broad keirotrichiate area, nearly reaching upper margin of tibia (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB6844CEF723992FAA0" box="[338,425,1356,1381]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 19</figureCitation>
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a, e). Basitarsus III inner surface uniformly covered with bristles, sericeous area absent (
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<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68581EF5138C8FA4C" box="[159,243,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 19</figureCitation>
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a, e). Distribution:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361765BA314FFB684D1EF513A0EFA4C" box="[463,565,1391,1416]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F361765BA314FFB687B6EF513AC2FA4C" box="[680,761,1391,1416]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68616EF513B67FA4C" box="[776,860,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="41.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1431,580,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[151,1436,569,1866]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURE 28. Observed distribution of all Austroplebeia species in Australia and the island of New Guinea: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d, A. magna sp. nov. and A. cassiae. In all maps, square symbols represent nest samples and circles represent samples collected from flowers or traps. The type locality for each named species, including those now synonymised, is indicated with arrows. Where the type locality was a general area such as ' Central Australia' or ' Cape York', these areas are indicated with shading." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290052/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB685D9EFAA3C2AFA69" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" box="[199,1041,1427,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB685D9EFAA3C2AFA69" bold="true" box="[199,1041,1427,1453]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
General description of the Australian and New Guinean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A314FFB68674EFAD3C31FA68" box="[874,1034,1427,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB68674EFAD3C31FA68" bold="true" box="[874,1034,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Austroplebeia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6540A314FFB485D9EF893A5FFC63" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB685D9EF893BE5F90B" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB685D9EF893913FA14" bold="true" box="[199,296,1463,1488]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB6842CEF8639ACFA0B" box="[306,407,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. Head wider than thorax. Head width 1.2–1.3x head length. Face shape almost quadrate, inner orbits weakly converging below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB6874AEFE23A91FA30" box="[596,682,1500,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gena rounded, narrower than the eye, viewed laterally. Occipital edge not carinate. Frons slightly convex with medial depression. Interantennal area and supra-antennal area with a triangular medial elevation. Clypeus short, slightly convex. Labrum short and simple in shape, apical margin smooth and rounded. Malar area short, length usually 0.2–0.3x basal mandible width. Mandible with two acutely pointed preapical teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB684B9EC5239C6F940" box="[423,509,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
d–h). Giant hairs on labial palpus curved or hooked, occasionally weakly sinuous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68581ECB138C8F96C" box="[159,243,1679,1704]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 17</figureCitation>
|
||
o–q). Flagellar segments shorter than wide. F1 trapezoid, dorsal margin longer than ventral margin, similar in length to F2 and F3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68490EC8839DBF90B" box="[398,480,1718,1743]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Scape not reaching level of lateral ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB685D9ECE33A71F885" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Scutellum short and rounded, slightly over-roofing metanotum. Propodeum large and bowed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB6801CECE33D62F932" box="[1282,1369,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b). Wing venation shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB684DFED3A3A23F8D9" box="[449,536,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="18.[151,250,842,864]" captionTargetBox="[170,1405,200,811]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[164,1408,193,820]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 18. Austroplebeia wings. Dotted lines indicate pigmented vein traces. Figs a – c. Forewings, showing variation observed in the vestige of the first transverse cubital vein: a, A. magna sp. nov. forewing with a short vein vestige; b, Detail of an A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a thickening of vein M at this position; c, Detail of an A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph forewing with a long vein vestige. Fig. d. Hindwing of A. magna sp. nov. Fig. e. Diagram of a forewing showing how the following measurements were made: (1) forewing length without tegula; (2) forewing width; (3) wing diagonal (Sakagami 1978); (4) 1 st abscissa of M length; (5) 1 st abscissa of Cu length. Figs a – d drawn to same scale: scale bar = 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: M—vein M; 1 st R—first recurrent vein; 2 nd Cu—second cubital cell; Ham—hamuli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290042/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
. Submarginal angle (measured between Rs and Rs+M) slightly acute to 90o. Abdomen slightly broader than thorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB685D9ED723C64F869" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Mesotibial spur (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3AA314FFB68499ED723A1CF8A1" author="Oliveira" box="[391,551,1868,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Oliveira, F. F. de (2002) The mesotibial spur in stingless bees: a new character for the systematics of Meliponini (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 75, 194 - 202." type="journal article" year="2002">Oliveira 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) straight and ca. 0.33x basitarsus II length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB68105ED723C55F8A1" box="[1051,1134,1868,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
d). Tibia III approximately triangular with posterior margin curved. Corbicula shallow. Inner surface of tibia III with broad keirotrichiate area on median elevation, posterior margin shiny and only slightly depressed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA314FFB686D2EDAA3C1AF869" box="[972,1057,1940,1965]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
a, c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA314FFB585D9ED873B48FF11" blockId="21.[151,1437,1247,2037]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A314FFB685D9ED8739B9F815" box="[199,386,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Sting rudiments.</emphasis>
|
||
Gonostyli close together at base, parallel or diverging slightly, with bands of long coarse bristles laterally and abundant dense fine hair medially. Sting stylet (or bulb) usually with apex broadly rounded, occasionally with a short, narrowly rounded or acute medial protusion. Sting lancet (first valvula or first ramus) long and free, apex attaining at least base of gonostylus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB5860DEA823B5DFF11" box="[787,870,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[225,1358,197,1871]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[213,1361,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 16. Austroplebeia worker sting rudiments: a, A. cincta NG; b. A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; f, A. australis – Western Colour Morph; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. All drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Gon—gonostylus; Sty—sting stylet (bulb); Lan—sting lancet (first valvula or first ramus)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290040/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EAE1397FFE84" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9EAE1392EFF3C" box="[199,277,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Variable extents of cream or yellow maculations on supraclypeal area, clypeus, paraocular area, labrum, scape, pronotal collar, pronotal lobe, tegula, lateral scutum, scutellum, metepisternum (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB581C0EB3A3D78FED8" box="[1246,1347,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB581C0EB3A3D78FED8" box="[1246,1347,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), terga, sterna and legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EB733C85FDF9" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Frons, paraocular area and gena black or dark brown, sometimes red-brown. Unmarked areas of clypeus usually dark brown or red-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58738EB513A56FE4C" box="[550,621,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible usually black or dark brown basally, orange-brown or redbrown medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58449EBAA39AEFE68" box="[343,405,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), red-brown or dark brown apically. Flagellum usually brown or yellow-brown, dark brown in QLD
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB585EAEB86396CFE14" box="[244,343,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585EAEB86396CFE14" box="[244,343,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scutum usually black in mature specimens, but occasionally dark brown even in foragers caught on flowers. Mesosomal sides, propodeum and metanotum usually black to red-brown. Pronotal lobe usually cream, yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB58416E83E3957FDDC" box="[264,364,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB58416E83E3957FDDC" box="[264,364,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wings hyaline, slightly brownish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB58608E83E3B42FDDC" box="[790,889,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB58608E83E3B42FDDC" box="[790,889,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Veins and stigma dark brown to yellow-brown. Unmarked areas of tibia III black to orange-brown. Distitarsus orange-brown to yellow-brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9E8793AE4FD41" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9E8793919FDA4" box="[199,290,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pilosity.</emphasis>
|
||
Face with numerous short simple and plumose hairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58694E8793BDBFDA4" box="[906,992,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Austroplebeia worker faces: a, A. cincta NG; b, A. cincta QLD; c, A. essingtoni, showing a relatively heavily marked specimen within the species range; d, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290046/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Vertex with long erect bristles. Malar space evenly covered with short fine appressed hair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9E8AE3BF8FC99" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Scutum with an even layer of fine short hair, admixed (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB586DCE8AE3C13FD6C" box="[962,1064,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB586DCE8AE3C13FD6C" box="[962,1064,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with longer erect simple hairs, sparse long hairs on lateral margins. Scutellum with a fringe of longer bristles. Mesepisternum with semi-erect simple hair, longer ventrally, admixed (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB587FAE8E63B76FD34" box="[740,845,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB587FAE8E63B76FD34" box="[740,845,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with plumose hair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58153E8E93C9CFD34" box="[1101,1191,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
a–b). Pronotal lobe, hypoepimeral area, dorsal metepisternum and propodeal sides with dense simple or plumose hair. Propodeal triangle hairless, or nearly so. T1 to T6 apically with simple hairs, becoming denser and longer on posterior terga. Sterna with fine erect simple hair, very dense and often with curved tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9E9563C76FC28" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Leg hair almost entirely simple. Tibia III with fringes of bristles on anterior and posterior edges. Corbicula on outer tibia III hairless except for 4–10 long (up to 275 Μm) simple hairs. Tibia III inner surface with keirotrichiate area of short blunt bristles. Rastellum bristles slender and pointed. Basitarsus III outer surface with pale simple bristles, inner surface covered in coarse bristles without sericeous area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB586A4E9EA3C34FC28" box="[954,1039,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9E9C63D52FBF1" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9E9C639ADFBD4" box="[199,406,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Surface sculpture.</emphasis>
|
||
Face and scutum shiny with numerous fine punctures, spacing 1–
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA317FFB58181E9C63C95FBD4" box="[1183,1198,1016,1040]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</date>
|
||
x puncture diameter. Terga shiny. Propodeal triangle, apical margins of terga and corbicular surface with fine reticulate sculpturing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EE013978FAF7" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9EE013930FB9C" bold="true" box="[199,267,1087,1112]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
As described for the worker, except for the usual secondary sexual characters and as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB58031EE7E3DAFFB93" box="[1327,1428,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. Face wedge-shaped. Eyes large, inner orbits very slightly concave, strongly converging below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB581ECEE5A3D71FBB8" box="[1266,1354,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 23. Austroplebeia male faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290047/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gena rounded, much narrower than the eye, viewed laterally. Frons convex with a marked medial depression. Interantennal area and supra-antennal area with a prominent triangular medial elevation. Malar area very short anteriorly, widening posteriorly. Mandible short, narrowed apicad, with one preapical tooth on upper margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58074EEF13888FAC8" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figs
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA317FFB58589EECA3888FAC8" box="[151,179,1268,1292]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1917-01">17</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
i–m). Flagellum longer than in workers (1.5–1.7x). F1 trapezoid and very short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58124EECA3CB0FAC9" box="[1082,1163,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
b). Scape shorter than in workers (0.8x).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EF003C13FA93" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" box="[199,1064,1342,1367]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Scutellum length 0.4–0.5x width. Propodeum large and bowed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB5868DEF003BDCFA93" box="[915,999,1342,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
c–d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EF5C3C4AFA5B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Tibia III simple, outer surface uniformly convex, distal corner moderately angled, inner surface with broad keirotrichiate area, posterior slope of inner surface almost uniformly level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB586FFEFB83C0DFA5B" box="[993,1078,1414,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
e–f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EF943B5DF9CF" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9EF9439DFFA07" box="[199,484,1450,1475]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB585D9EF94397AFA07" box="[199,321,1450,1475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and genitalia
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. T7 gently rounded with long curved hairs. S6 with a median apical process (or median body). S7 reduced to a small plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB587BEEFF03AC3FA23" box="[672,760,1486,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1333,219,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[242,1343,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 20. Austroplebeia male sterna and terga, shown in ventral view except for Fig. r. Figs a – f. S 4: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d – e, A. cassiae showing variation in position of gradulus; f, A. magna sp. nov. Figs g – j. S 5: g, A. cincta; h, A. essingtoni, arrow indicates protruding apical lobe; i, A. australis; j, A. cassiae. Figs k – o. S 6: k, A. cincta; l, A. essingtoni; m, A. australis; n, A. cassiae; o, A. magna sp. nov. Figs p – q. S 7: p, A. cincta; q, A. australis. Fig. r. T 7 of A. cassiae, dorsal view. Figs a – f, scale bar = 0.5 mm; figs g – r, scale bar = 0.33 mm. Abbreviations: Gra—gradulus; Med—median body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290044/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spatha absent. Penis valve heavily sclerotised, tapering, curved, clawlike. Gonostylus long, slender and simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58618EFCC3B62F9CF" box="[774,857,1522,1547]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1495,1517]" captionTargetBox="[335,1251,197,1473]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[327,1259,193,1474]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 21. Austroplebeia male genitalia. Figs a – c. Genitalia, dorsal view on left, ventral view on right: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. magna sp. nov. Figs d – e. Apical abdomen and protruding parts of genitalia, viewed laterally, as visible in many pinned male specimens: d, A. essingtoni, showing distinct curve in apical gonostylus; e. A. magna sp. nov., with gently curved apical gonostylus. Figs a – c drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: Pen—penis valve; Gon—gonostylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290045/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EC283B20F997" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9EC28392EF9EB" box="[199,277,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Cream or yellow maculations usually more extensive than in workers, but metepisternum and dorsal scutellum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB58437EC0539B6F997" box="[297,397,1595,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB58437EC0539B6F997" box="[297,397,1595,1619]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without maculations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB58798EC043AE0F997" box="[646,731,1594,1619]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[216,1366,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[216,1367,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 25. Austroplebeia lateral thoraces: Figs a – b. Worker mesosomal side: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. cassiae. Figs c – d. Male mesosomal side: c, A. cincta QLD; d, A. cassiae. Figs e – g. Detail of mesepisternum pilosity on male mesosomal side (photographs by K. Walker): e, A. australis; f, A. cassiae; g, A. magna sp. nov. Figs e – g shown at same magnification; all scale bars = 0.25 mm. Abbreviation: Met—metepisternum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 25</figureCitation>
|
||
c–d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EC5E3CCBF8C3" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Frons, paraocular area and gena black or dark brown. Unmarked areas of clypeus usually dark brown or redbrown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB585EFECBC3902F95F" box="[241,313,1666,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labrum cream or yellow-brown. Mandible usually cream or yellow-brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB581DAECBC3D37F95F" box="[1220,1292,1666,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1726,1748]" captionTargetBox="[173,1421,213,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 9. Variation in colour of the clypeus, mandible (middle part) and apical terga in workers and males of all Austroplebeia taxa. (No males are known in A. cincta NG and A. australis – Western Colour Morph.) Data are based on 120 workers and 62 males." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290033/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), sometimes brown to red-brown apically. Unmarked areas of scutum black. Mesosomal sides and propodeum black to redbrown. Pronotal lobe usually cream, yellow in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A317FFB587B3ECF53B29F927" box="[685,786,1739,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB587B3ECF53B29F927" box="[685,786,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Wings hyaline. Veins and stigma dark brown to yellowbrown. Unmarked areas of tibia III usually red-brown. Mediotarsus and distitarsus brown to cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9ED2C3A56F8B7" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9ED2C3920F8EF" box="[199,283,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Pilosity</emphasis>
|
||
. Generally as in workers, except: distal terga with simple hairs not as dense as in workers. Sterna with erect pale simple hairs, denser on apical margins, S5 with a row of stiff bristles on the border which are progressively longer laterad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB584C0ED643A08F8B7" box="[478,563,1882,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[249,1333,219,1790]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[242,1343,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 20. Austroplebeia male sterna and terga, shown in ventral view except for Fig. r. Figs a – f. S 4: a, A. cincta; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis; d – e, A. cassiae showing variation in position of gradulus; f, A. magna sp. nov. Figs g – j. S 5: g, A. cincta; h, A. essingtoni, arrow indicates protruding apical lobe; i, A. australis; j, A. cassiae. Figs k – o. S 6: k, A. cincta; l, A. essingtoni; m, A. australis; n, A. cassiae; o, A. magna sp. nov. Figs p – q. S 7: p, A. cincta; q, A. australis. Fig. r. T 7 of A. cassiae, dorsal view. Figs a – f, scale bar = 0.5 mm; figs g – r, scale bar = 0.33 mm. Abbreviations: Gra—gradulus; Med—median body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290044/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 20</figureCitation>
|
||
a–j).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EDBE3BBCF87F" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Leg hair appears entirely simple. Tibia III outer surface evenly distributed with sparse short simple hairs, inner surface with keirotrichiate area of short blunt bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA317FFB587E9ED9C3B77F87F" box="[759,844,1954,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs 19</figureCitation>
|
||
e–f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA317FFB585D9EDF93A5FF81B" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,2015]" box="[199,612,1990,2015]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A317FFB585D9EDF939A9F81B" box="[199,402,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Surface sculpture.</emphasis>
|
||
Similar to worker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EAA93B60FF74" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[199,859,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D9EAA93927FF74" bold="true" box="[199,284,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Queen.</emphasis>
|
||
As in worker, except for the following differences:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EA833BE4FEA3" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D9EA833917FF10" box="[199,300,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Structure</emphasis>
|
||
. Face shape slightly more quadrate. Eyes shorter than in workers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48139EA823C46FF10" box="[1063,1149,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[202,1384,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[202,1385,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 24. Austroplebeia queen faces: a, A. cincta QLD; b, A. essingtoni; c, A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph; d, A. australis – Central Colour Morph; e, A. cassiae; f, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290048/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
): 0.90–0.95x in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB48029EA823DA7FF10" box="[1335,1436,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48029EA823DA7FF10" box="[1335,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB485D7EADE3965FF3C" box="[201,350,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D7EADE3965FF3C" box="[201,350,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 0.8x in other species. Gena and eye approximately the same width, viewed laterally. Frontal outline of vertex more rounded than in workers. Malar area 3–
|
||
<date id="FFC8100BA316FFB4867FEB3A3B54FED8" box="[865,879,260,284]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">4</date>
|
||
x longer. Mandible more slender than in workers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48581EB1938CFFE84" box="[159,244,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
n). Flagellum longer than in workers (1.3–1.4x), but shorter than in males (0.8–0.9x). F1–F3 similar in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB485F2EB703905FEA3" box="[236,318,334,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1820,1842]" captionTargetBox="[191,1365,197,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[183,1369,193,1756]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 17. Austroplebeia antennae, mandibles and labial palpi. Figs a – c. Antenna (basal part) of A. essingtoni: a, worker; b, male; c, queen. Figs d – h. Left mandible of worker: d, A. cincta QLD; e, A. essingtoni; f, A. australis; g, A. cassiae; h, A. magna sp. nov. Figs i – m. Left mandible of male: i, A. cincta QLD; j, A. essingtoni; k, A. australis; l, A. cassiae; m, A. magna sp. nov. Fig. n. Left mandible of A. australis queen. Figs a – n drawn to same scale. Figs o – q. Labial palpus of worker (mesal margins uppermost, small hairs omitted): o, A. cincta; p, A. cassiae; q, A. magna sp. nov. Figs o – q drawn to same scale. Abbreviations: F 1 — first flagellomere; F 2 — second flagellomere; F 3 — third flagellomere; F 2 L—second flagellomere length (showing how this measurement was made)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290041/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Scape reaching level of lateral ocellus, or slightly longer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EB4D3DB7FE4E" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[199,1420,370,395]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Scutum 0.8–0.9x shorter than in workers, scutellum flattened on dorsal surface, not over-roofing metanotum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EBA83C80FE17" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Tibia III simple, corbicula absent, outer surface uniformly convex except for apical margin, inner surface with broad keiotrichiate area. Basitarsus III narrower and slightly longer than in workers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48153EB843CA4FE17" box="[1101,1183,442,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB4819FEB853CA4FE17" box="[1153,1183,443,467]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="g" value="19.0">19</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9EBE03D07FDDF" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D9EBE0392EFE33" box="[199,277,478,503]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Difficult to score as many specimens were callow. Based on the darkest specimens in both castes, cream or yellow maculations usually in same range or slightly more extensive than in conspecific workers
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9E8183A12FD6F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D9E8183920FDFB" box="[199,283,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pilosity</emphasis>
|
||
. Face in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB4849FE81939DEFDFB" box="[385,485,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4849FE81939DEFDFB" box="[385,485,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB48704E8193A90FDFB" box="[538,683,551,575]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48704E8193A90FDFB" box="[538,683,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with plumose hair absent, or nearly so. Scutellum bristles 1.4–2.4x longer than in workers. Mesepisternum dorsal area with fine dense hair, medial area with very short simple hairs (appearing shiny and almost hairless), ventral area with longer (up to 250 Μm) simple hairs. Propodeal sides with fine simple or weakly plumose hair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9E8883D17FCFF" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
T1–T5 with very sparse short simple hairs (T1–T
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB487F2E8893B2EFD0B" box="[748,789,694,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB48605E8893BB7FD0B" box="[795,908,695,719]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48605E8893BB7FD0B" box="[795,908,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). T6 with an even layer of dense short fine hair (T4–T
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB485C1E8E43931FD37" box="[223,266,730,755]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB4840FE8E539B8FD37" box="[273,387,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4840FE8E539B8FD37" box="[273,387,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cassiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB48482E8E439CAFD37" box="[412,497,730,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[151,1390,808,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@38.[151,1436,808,1568]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 27. Pilosity on apical part of Austroplebeia queen abdomen, viewed laterally: a, A. cassiae; b, A. magna sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290051/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
). Broad band of coarse bristles between T2 and T3 which are covered by the apical margin of T
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB4843AE8C13968FCD3" box="[292,339,766,791]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
virgin queens but exposed in fresh specimens of gravid queens (not able to be verified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB4809AE8C13932FCFF" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB4809AE8C13932FCFF" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Sterna with one or two rows of coarse short (175–275 Μm) straight bristles on apical margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9E9783D06FC47" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Tibia III with numerous coarse bristles covering entire outer surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A4EA316FFB486C3E9783C0BFC9B" box="[989,1072,838,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1796,1818]" captionTargetBox="[270,1327,192,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[252,1335,185,1778]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 19. Austroplebeia legs. Figs a – b. Worker tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: a, inner surface; b, outer surface. Fig. c. Cross-sectional view of A. australis worker tibia III, inner surface uppermost. Fig. d. Worker leg II of A. australis – Eastern Colour Morph, showing mesotibial spur near junction of tibia and basitarsus. Figs e – f. Male tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph: e, inner surface; f, outer surface. Fig. g. Queen tibia III and basitarsus III of A. australis – Central Colour Morph, outer surface. Fig. h. Variation in size of worker basitarsus III (shaded segment), all drawn to same scale: A. cincta QLD is shown on the left, then remaining species are shown in order of increasing basitarsus III width. Abbreviations: Kei—keirotrichia; Pos—posterior corbicular fringe; Ant—anterior corbicular fringe; Rasrastellum; Cor—corbicula; Pen—pencillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/290043/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B2EA316FFB4810DE9793C0BFC9B" box="[1043,1072,839,863]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="g" value="19.0">19</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g), admixed (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB48029E9793DA7FC9B" box="[1335,1436,839,863]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB48029E9793DA7FC9B" box="[1335,1436,839,863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D48A316FFB485D8E955396DFC47" box="[198,342,875,899]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Austroplebeia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="essingtoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D8E955396DFC47" box="[198,342,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A. essingtoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with some fine plumose hair. Rastellum represented by irregular widely spaced bristles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CBA316FFB485D9E9B13A5FFC63" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,935]" box="[199,612,910,935]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAD9A316FFB485D9E9B139B1FC63" box="[199,394,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Surface sculpture</emphasis>
|
||
. Similar to worker.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |