370 lines
52 KiB
XML
370 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="0D480B13C01C59060E78C900FEFC3E55" ID-CLB-Dataset="8913" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0a19a58a-3c20-48b6-9065-2834e2b6fb81" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398711" ID-ZooBank="85592B74-0D95-4931-919D-5AF86F891DB0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609218410933" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tumbrinck, Josef, Deranja, Maks, Adžić, Karmela, Pavlović, Marko & Skejo, Josip" docDate="2020" docId="03DF87DBEB67FFACBAB0F39CFD0BFEAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4821.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4821 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cladonotus bhaskari Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo 2020, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="340" masterDocId="FFE6FFA3EB63FFABBA27F45AFFDEFFEB" masterDocTitle="Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="333" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1698848478925" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="57C3BDDD6044BA6FF6D72C6496C414A4">Cockscomb-shaped twighopper, Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n., a new and rare pygmy grasshopper species from Sri Lanka (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2E8FD02498B143A25683C93CDAD9FEB">Tumbrinck, Josef</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D531D5BE254BE4E48424A356D78D6B5D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8955-7934</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="DEC7E7C363FE9DE025FAFF8DDD95479A">Auf der Hees 1, D- 41849 Wassenberg, Germany & j. tumbrinck @ t-online. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8955 - 7934</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0846F917014201BE660247745627E96A" type="email">j.tumbrinck@t-online.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="48C91095C0AE2A0F66C6053DCB5A8AFF">Deranja, Maks</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A8362C3BA09D4E3B3126CE1C8D033EF2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5710-1916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5C3097ECCB577C23C0A9680578A2CD07">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia & maks. deranja @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5710 - 1916 & karmela. adzic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6223 - 4759 & marko 09. pavlovic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2956 - 6548 & skejo. josip @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2554 - 4499</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A8E9772E39ACCD4E64D4F333A05D416" type="email">maks.deranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A2C6BE9FF224FDA9466EC8E08D00BE8B">Adžić, Karmela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="719952939F498F67BDAA6424CD7EFE8C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5710-1916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="083588EAB664C5A9D8F8B11A92BA37F5">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia & maks. deranja @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5710 - 1916 & karmela. adzic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6223 - 4759 & marko 09. pavlovic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2956 - 6548 & skejo. josip @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2554 - 4499</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D861347B7EA92EF87C58333345283805" type="email">maks.deranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="49F6D3A72FCC0C501C0F26B3C3DD5D88">Pavlović, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D463FA44CDDAE7163F774608FF4716FD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5710-1916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="34B3CB2F3507B03779FAE55CA27B9EF1">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia & maks. deranja @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5710 - 1916 & karmela. adzic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6223 - 4759 & marko 09. pavlovic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2956 - 6548 & skejo. josip @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2554 - 4499</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="55AC50517C62BF9BFB0F702668D283B7" type="email">maks.deranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="26F4116CDE776755E30B40D73A78EF26" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EAB1E0F28410A74AF842292A895D77B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="98767F0AD95CADDE29C08F0A3A372172">Skejo, Josip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C133AA153E13FBCFB154BEED618AEE8F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5710-1916</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="52095B979444D8C2CD75487B7155E2A5">University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, Evolution Lab, Rooseveltov trg 6, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia & maks. deranja @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5710 - 1916 & karmela. adzic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6223 - 4759 & marko 09. pavlovic @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2956 - 6548 & skejo. josip @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2554 - 4499 & Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Molekulare Evolution, Universitätsstrasse 1, D- 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany & skejo. josip @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2554 - 4499</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1E7022D282AE5F114BC105404F15118F" type="email">maks.deranja@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2092101D8D9C00AB46C03DA5EADA4B8F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="43AEAC71752465AC3A56FFFDC39B9324">
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<mods:date id="D90E92D158303270245A129DF6AB1A2B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="201F22AF9AE99E595832FF14974D705D">2020-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E63BBBD4B7264E58A673FD8D496363C3" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A16CFDA00D04FD4E9C53083605189EB3">4821</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="ABAFFB185DCEB88BFFDBB7B5F2F725E3" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="854EF2F75AD00C4F8917011EE6F18A44">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="122360CB492124AF5CE60602CDB0099A">333</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FF047AD99BFD6BC618AC9CD7BBAD88D3">342</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="794A84FBCD918A8576EC61499DA39824">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="24BCCABA60C6C30ADB84469858D9599D" type="CLB-Dataset">8913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="24D752D1F88E8A6E29C41B7F931B092F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4821.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1B013E53CE4DBF8ACB13B734CF17235D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2D5E549910E9DD44C1638B5BC73011AB" type="Zenodo-Dep">4398711</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4C34AE296B7F1AC52519D9B698F84DA1" type="ZooBank">85592B74-0D95-4931-919D-5AF86F891DB0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DF87DBEB67FFACBAB0F39CFD0BFEAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4438685" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176580743" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4438685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87DBEB67FFACBAB0F39CFD0BFEAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87DBEB67FFACBAB0F39CFD0BFEAB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<subSection id="E2F92F26EB67FFAEBAB0F39CFF72FCD3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB67FFAFBAB0F39CFC7AF80B" box="[151,932,1990,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB67FFAFBAB0F39CFC7AF80B" blockId="4.[151,932,1990,2017]" box="[151,932,1990,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<heading id="D08181A1EB67FFAFBAB0F39CFC7AF80B" bold="true" box="[151,932,1990,2017]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EADFEB67FFAFBAB0F39CFC7AF80B" bold="true" box="[151,932,1990,2017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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IV) Cockscomb-shaped twighopper,
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB67FFAFB879F39CFC84F80A" ID-CoL="8PXRL" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[606,858,1990,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EADFEB67FFAFB879F39CFC84F80A" bold="true" box="[606,858,1990,2017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Cladonotus bhaskari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB67FFAFB945F39CFC7AF80B" box="[866,932,1990,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB66FFAEBAB0F4CDFAE1FE62" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAB0F4CDFC94FF3E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
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(for the photo of the
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<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEBBA4F4CDFE3BFF5A" box="[387,485,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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in natural habitat see
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<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB8C7F4CDFCE1FF5A" box="[736,831,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,929,953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,902]" captionTargetId="figure-20@1.[151,1436,179,903]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The cockcomb-shaped twighopper, C. bhaskari sp. n. female in the natural habitat, the type locality, Sabaragamawa (rainforests of SW Sri Lanka: Sinharaja). Holotype female, and holotype collection label. Photo Tom Kirschey, November 19th, 2016." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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, for dry
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<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEB984F4CDFBDBFF5A" box="[931,1029,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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deposited in the museum collection see
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<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBAE5F4E1FEFCFF3E" box="[194,290,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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, and for the distribution please refer to
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<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB8FBF4E1FCE2FF3E" box="[732,828,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,738,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-212@7.[151,1436,738,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of the Cladonotus species. For C. turrifer, marked with question mark, there are no confirmed localities. The pronotum silhouette is schematically shown in the legend for each species. Schemes are not in ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398723/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F485FE9AFEAA" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F485FE3AFF13" bold="true" box="[199,484,222,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Type series information</emphasis>
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.
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<specimenCount id="9D70FD44EB66FFAEBBD3F485FD1FFF12" box="[500,705,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="female" typeStatus="holotype">1 holotype female</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="F361765DEB66FFAEB8EEF485FCBDFF12" box="[713,867,223,249]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
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: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE42500AEB66FFAEBF31F485FA46FF12" box="[1302,1432,223,249]" degrees="6.379331" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" precision="1" value="6.379331">N6.379331</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE42500AEB66FFAEBAB0F559FEFFFEF5" box="[151,289,259,286]" degrees="80.470206" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" precision="1" value="80.47021">E80.470206</geoCoordinate>
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||
) leg. T. Kirschey
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<date id="FFC8100DEB66FFAEBBC8F559FDACFEF6" box="[495,626,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" value="2016-11-19">19.XI.2016</date>
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. (ZFMK). The
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<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEB906F559FC5DFEF6" box="[801,899,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is deposited in Museum Koenig in Bonn, Germany (ZFMK).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F511FAE1FE62" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F511FDEDFE8F" bold="true" box="[199,563,330,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Type locality and distribution</emphasis>
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. Known only from a single female (
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||
<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEB9C6F511FB98FE8D" box="[993,1094,331,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) from the type locality—SRI LANKA: Sabaragamawa: Sinharaja rainforest (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE42500AEB66FFAEB88CF535FCF3FE62" box="[683,813,367,393]" degrees="6.379331" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" precision="1" value="6.379331">N6.379331</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE42500AEB66FFAEB91FF535FC1BFE61" box="[824,965,367,394]" degrees="80.470206" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" precision="1" value="80.47021">E80.470206</geoCoordinate>
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). The species inhabits rainforests.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB66FFAEBAE0F5C9FF0AFDD6" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F5C9FF0AFDD6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
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<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F5C9FE96FE46" bold="true" box="[199,328,403,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
. The species is named in honor of Dhanesh Bhaskar, our colleague and friend from
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<collectingRegion id="49B2F82FEB66FFAEBF25F5C9FA91FE46" box="[1282,1359,403,429]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F361765DEB66FFAEBF7BF5C9FA46FE46" box="[1372,1432,403,429]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">India</collectingCountry>
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, who is a specialist in grasshoppers (especially pygmy grasshoppers) of the Western Ghats. Mr. Bhaskar has hitherto described one new
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBB4BF581FE07FE1E" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1909" box="[364,473,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Tettilobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBB4BF581FE07FE1E" box="[364,473,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Tettilobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The specific epitheton is noun of the second Latin declension in genitive case; derived from the surname ‘Bhaskar’, the name of Dhaneesh’s father, in Latin declension ‘N
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBE9AF5A5FAE9FDF2" box="[1213,1335,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">bhaskarus,</emphasis>
|
||
G
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBF79F5A5FF1AFDD6" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBF79F5A5FF1AFDD6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB66FFAEBAE0F61CFF72FCD3" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F61CFF72FCD3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F61CFE44FD8B" bold="true" box="[199,410,582,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Specific diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(for comparison see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40376EB66FFAEB8AEF61DFD3EFD8B" box="[649,736,582,609]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,245,404,428]" captionTargetBox="[163,1407,482,807]" captionText="TABLE 2. Simple tabular key to Cladonotus species, based on the comparison of two morphological and one morpho-metrical character. All the species, except for C. bhaskari sp. n. are known from males ." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF096645EB61FFA9BABFF5CEFBE4FE3B" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" tableUuid="DF096645EB61FFA9BABFF5CEFBE4FE3B">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB8AEF61DFD3EFD8B" bold="true" box="[649,736,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40376EB66FFAEB8C8F61DFC98FD8B" box="[751,838,582,609]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="2.[152,245,1217,1241]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of the Cladonotus specimens. For C. latiramus Hancock, 1904 values were taken from the literature (Hancock 1904) (N/A—not applicable, because we have only lateral view). All the measurements are shown in millimeters, with 0.05 mm accuracy." pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB8C8F61DFC98FD8B" bold="true" box="[751,838,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Table 3</emphasis>
|
||
</tableCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB9A3F61CFC37FD8B" box="[900,1001,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,738,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-212@7.[151,1436,738,1934]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of the Cladonotus species. For C. turrifer, marked with question mark, there are no confirmed localities. The pronotum silhouette is schematically shown in the legend for each species. Schemes are not in ratio." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398723/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB9A3F61CFC37FD8B" bold="true" box="[900,1001,582,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 3</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is easily separated from its congeners by its unique pronotal morphology. Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB903F631FC3FFD6E" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1862" box="[804,993,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Tettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB903F631FC3FFD6E" box="[804,993,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. humbertianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBE3CF631FB51FD6E" authorityName=": Walker" authorityYear="1871" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1051,1167,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBE3CF631FB51FD6E" box="[1051,1167,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. turrifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBE87F631FAFAFD6E" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[1184,1316,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBE87F631FAFAFD6E" box="[1184,1316,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBF0AF631FAB0FD6E" bold="true" box="[1325,1390,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB66FFAEBF0AF631FAB0FD6E" box="[1325,1390,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has straight promedial projection; unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB81DF6D5FD73FD42" authorityName=": Walker" authorityYear="1871" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[570,685,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turrifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB81DF6D5FD73FD42" box="[570,685,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. turrifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB8C2F6D5FCAFFD42" authorityName=": Hancock" authorityYear="1904" box="[741,881,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB8C2F6D5FCAFFD42" box="[741,881,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. latiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB9A7F6D5FBDDFD42" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[896,1027,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB9A7F6D5FBDDFD42" box="[896,1027,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBE2CF6D5FB95FD42" bold="true" box="[1035,1099,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB66FFAEBE2CF6D5FB95FD42" box="[1035,1099,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has shorter promedial projection; unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBB39F6E9FE06FD26" authorityName=": Saussure" authorityYear="1862" box="[286,472,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Tettix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBB39F6E9FE06FD26" box="[286,472,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. humbertianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB829F6E9FD44FD26" authorityName=": Hancock" authorityYear="1904" box="[526,666,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latiramus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB829F6E9FD44FD26" box="[526,666,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. latiramus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB88FF6E9FCF4FD26" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[680,810,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB88FF6E9FCF4FD26" box="[680,810,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB916F6E9FCAEFD26" bold="true" box="[817,880,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB66FFAEB916F6E9FCAEFD26" box="[817,880,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has long frontomedial projection; and finally, unlike any other species, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBB97F68DFDECFD1A" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[432,562,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBB97F68DFDECFD1A" box="[432,562,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB81FF68DFDA9FD1A" bold="true" box="[568,631,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB66FFAEB81FF68DFDA9FD1A" box="[568,631,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
promedial projection starts as a narrow protuberance, and then suddenly widens into an axe-shaped/a cockscomb-shaped apex (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB904F6A1FC46FCFE" box="[803,920,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). For
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB9FEF6A1FB0AFCFE" bold="true" box="[985,1236,763,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">measurements please</emphasis>
|
||
refer to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBF7DF6A1FF72FCD3" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40376EB66FFAEBF7DF6A1FF78FCD3" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="2.[152,245,1217,1241]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of the Cladonotus specimens. For C. latiramus Hancock, 1904 values were taken from the literature (Hancock 1904) (N/A—not applicable, because we have only lateral view). All the measurements are shown in millimeters, with 0.05 mm accuracy." pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2F92F26EB66FFACBAB0F7DAFD0BFEAB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="multiple">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB66FFACBAB0F7DAFD72FF13" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAB0F7DAFDCCFC71" blockId="5.[151,530,896,922]" box="[151,530,896,922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<heading id="D08181A1EB66FFAEBAB0F7DAFDCCFC71" bold="true" box="[151,530,896,922]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAB0F7DAFDCCFC71" bold="true" box="[151,530,896,922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEBAB0F7DAFED7FC71" box="[151,265,896,922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
description (female).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAB0F792FC5BFB99" blockId="5.[151,1437,968,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAB0F792FE55FC09" bold="true" box="[151,395,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">General appearance</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBBBBF792FE21FC09" box="[412,511,968,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,929,953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,902]" captionTargetId="figure-20@1.[151,1436,179,903]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The cockcomb-shaped twighopper, C. bhaskari sp. n. female in the natural habitat, the type locality, Sabaragamawa (rainforests of SW Sri Lanka: Sinharaja). Holotype female, and holotype collection label. Photo Tom Kirschey, November 19th, 2016." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB828F792FDADFC09" box="[527,627,968,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB66FFAEB8AEF792FD2FFC09" box="[649,753,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEB93BF792FC7FFC09" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[796,929,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB93BF792FC7FFC09" box="[796,929,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">C. bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEB98DF792FC32FC09" bold="true" box="[938,1004,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB66FFAEB98DF792FC32FC09" box="[938,1004,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is the largest known specimen of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB66FFAEBAC6F7B6FEBCFBED" authorityName=": Walker" authorityYear="1871" box="[225,354,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAC6F7B6FEBCFBED" box="[225,354,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Cladonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, what could be due to the fact this is the only known female. Female pygmy grasshoppers are larger than males. Body is robust, dark in coloration, dark brown in the living specimen, while pale brown when the specimen is dried. Whole body—head, pronotum and legs—covered in fine and minute spine-like tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBF76F06EFF7BFB99" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[152,255,929,953]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,902]" captionTargetId="figure-20@1.[151,1436,179,903]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. The cockcomb-shaped twighopper, C. bhaskari sp. n. female in the natural habitat, the type locality, Sabaragamawa (rainforests of SW Sri Lanka: Sinharaja). Holotype female, and holotype collection label. Photo Tom Kirschey, November 19th, 2016." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBA94F002FECAFB99" box="[179,276,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum bears two black spots behind the shoulders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F026FB49FA79" blockId="5.[151,1437,968,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F026FED9FB7D" bold="true" box="[199,263,1148,1174]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBB3FF026FE53FB7D" box="[280,397,1148,1174]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
) is, like the rest of the body, very spiky. Vertex is 1.9 times as wide as a compound eye, covered in numerous granules, and has truncated frontal margin. Median carina is short and indistinct; lateral and transverse carinae weakly elevated. In the lateral view, the vertex between the eyes cannot be seen, because of the prominence of the compound eyes, while in the frontal view the median part of the vertex raises above the level of the dorsal margin of the compound eyes, and is indeed the highest part of the fastigium. Frontal costa runs long before the bifurcation, which is positioned just between the compound eyes and bears a few prominent spines, two of which can be observed in the lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB852F10EFD32FA85" box="[629,748,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Facial carinae run after the bifurcation in strongly divergent fashion, with two concavities, and are strongly widened ventrad, forming a wide scutellum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB66FFAEBAE0F1C6FD4BF81D" blockId="5.[151,1437,968,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB66FFAEBAE0F1C6FE9EFA5D" bold="true" box="[199,320,1436,1462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum of this species is unique within the genus. The whole anterior part of the pronotum stands about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B28EB66FFAEBAF9F19AFEE8FA30" box="[222,310,1472,1499]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
higher than the posterior part. All the carinae are covered in tubercles and spines. Anterior margin of the pronotum bears a few strong spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEB8A4F1BEFD27FA15" box="[643,761,1508,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and projects before the head in a spine-like fashion. In the lateral view, the anterior margin (also known as the frontomedial projection or FM) surpasses the frontmost part of the frontal costa by
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B28EB66FFAEBB51F276FE00F9AC" box="[374,478,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The highest and the largest projection on the pronotum, as in the other species of the genus, is certainly the promedial projection. It is in this species partially fused with frontomedial projection, forming one L-shaped meta-projection. Promedial projection starts in the dorsum, about
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B28EB66FFAEBE30F22EFB86F964" box="[1047,1112,1652,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind the eyes, as a narrow projection, and in its narrowest part measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B28EB66FFAEB886F2C2FD24F958" box="[673,762,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, while some
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B28EB66FFAEB9A8F2C2FC3BF958" box="[911,997,1688,1715]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the apex, it suddenly widens and measures 2.0 mm in its widest part. The tip of the projection has a cockscomb shape, with five evident apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB66FFAEBF48F2E6FF63F911" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Promedial projection of this species strongly differs from those reported in other species of the genus. Shoulders are not armed with teeth or projections, except the fine spines present in all the pronotal carinae. Median carina is continuous and equipped with evident spines along its entire length. Median carina is the carina projected into frontal and promedian spine. Depression is present behind the shoulders, where the black dots are situated. Pronotum has a weakly bilobate, truncated apex, on each corner of which there is one large spine, pale colored and with dark apex. Tegminal sinus absent. Infrascapular area long and wide. Ventral sinus deep and evident. Paranota of the pronotum granulated and carinated.Apices of the lateral lobes of the paranota in dorsal view projected outwards and armed with serrated ventrolateral projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB65FFADBAE0F4CCFC14FEF6" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBAE0F4CCFECDFF5B" bold="true" box="[199,275,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
. Tegmina, the fore wings, and alae, the hind wings, are not visible. In order to check this character, we would need to remove pronotum from the specimen and uncover the thorax. Because we have a single specimen this is not possible. Wings are probably completely reduced and, if present, covered by the infrascapular area of the pronotum (probably the apterous or the vestigial
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB65FFADB89CF559FD35FEF6" box="[699,747,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B3CEB65FFADB928F559FC60FEF6" author="Zha, L. - S. & Wu, X. - M. & Ding, J. - H." box="[783,958,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref7335" refString="Zha, L. - S., Wu, X. - M. & Ding, J. - H. (2020) Two new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham, 1937 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Guizhou and Chongqing (PR China). Zookeys, 936, 61 - 76 https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 936.49552" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Zha
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADB965F559FCA4FEF6" box="[834,890,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB65FFADBAE0F57DFB40FD6E" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBAE0F57DFEEDFEAA" bold="true" box="[199,307,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Fore legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB65FFADBB66F57DFE6BFEAA" box="[321,437,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBBEBF57DFDFBFEAB" box="[460,549,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Femora</emphasis>
|
||
stout and with very spiky surface; bearing strong spines on the dorsal and ventral margins, two of which are especially evident on each of the margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADB9ECF511FBCFFE8E" box="[971,1041,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Tibiae</emphasis>
|
||
dark with two pale rings, equipped with minute spines.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBB5AF535FE63FE63" box="[381,445,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Tarsi.</emphasis>
|
||
Proximal tarsal segment short and pale colored. Distal long, dark and with a pale ring, bearing pale colored claws at the tip.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADB81CF5C8FD7FFE46" bold="true" box="[571,673,402,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Mid legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB65FFADB897F5C9FCFDFE46" box="[688,803,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to fore legs, except there is a long spine just at the knee of the mid femur.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBBE8F5ECFD9FFE3A" bold="true" box="[463,577,438,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hind legs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB65FFADB876F5EDFD28FE3A" box="[593,758,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Figure 2B, 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADB928F5EDFCB6FE3B" box="[783,872,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Femora</emphasis>
|
||
robust, 2.7 times as long as wide; ventral margin with minute teeth; dorsal margin with three toothed plates (lappets), of which one is antegenicular tooth. Genicular teeth smaller, but also armoured with saw-like teeth. Outer surface equipped with three prominent spines armoured with minute teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBB4CF679FE35FDD6" box="[363,491,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hind tibiae</emphasis>
|
||
dark, bearing 5-7 spines on the dorsal margins.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBE2CF679FBA3FDD7" box="[1035,1149,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hind tarsi</emphasis>
|
||
. First and third segments elongated, subequal in length. First and second pulvilli of the proximal segment angular and equal in size, third pulvillus elongated, two times as long as previous one, but with smoother apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB65FFADBE3EF631FB4FFD6E" box="[1049,1169,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF096645EB65FFADBABFF3CAFF10F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" startId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" targetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB65FFADBABFF3CAFF10F81B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1936,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBABFF3CAFC72F843" bold="true" box="[152,940,1936,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D4EEB65FFADBEA3F3CAFA84F843" authority="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo, 2020" authorityName="Tumbrinck & Deranja & Adžić & Pavlović & Skejo" authorityYear="2020" box="[1156,1370,1936,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Tetrigidae" genus="Cladonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bhaskari" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBEA3F3CAFA84F843" box="[1156,1370,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Cladonotus bhaskari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB65FFADBF45F3CAFA42F843" bold="true" box="[1378,1436,1936,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157A4EB65FFADBF45F3CAFA42F843" box="[1378,1436,1936,1960]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB64FFACBAE0F4CCFD72FF13" blockId="7.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB64FFACBAE0F4CCFEE2FF5B" bold="true" box="[199,316,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A48EB64FFACBB6DF4CCFE61FF5B" box="[330,447,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[163,1410,676,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-291@6.[151,1436,666,1910]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. The cockscomb-shaped twighopper in a museum collection. Holotype female of Cladonotus bhaskari sp. n. A—detail of the fronto-dorsal projection, B—lateral view, C—dorsal view, D—pulvilli of the hind tarsi, and E—head in frontal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4398721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4398721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Figure 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dark, almost black, and so is the ovipositor. Parts of the abdomen are covered in rough integument, while other parts are smooth. Dorsal and ventral valvulae elongated. Cerci black and smooth. Teeth on the dorsal and ventral valvulae evident, minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C6546EB64FFACBAE0F558FD0BFEAB" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936CDEB64FFACBAE0F558FD0BFEAB" blockId="7.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB64FFACBAE0F558FE50FEF7" bold="true" box="[199,398,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Male not known</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is described from a female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD886FEB64FFACB94BF558FC10FEF7" box="[876,974,258,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
only. Based on the size in other species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F40376EB64FFACBA86F57CFF29FEAB" box="[161,247,294,320]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="2.[152,245,1217,1241]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of the Cladonotus specimens. For C. latiramus Hancock, 1904 values were taken from the literature (Hancock 1904) (N/A—not applicable, because we have only lateral view). All the measurements are shown in millimeters, with 0.05 mm accuracy." pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EADFEB64FFACBA86F57CFF29FEAB" bold="true" box="[161,247,294,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Table 3</emphasis>
|
||
</tableCitation>
|
||
), male is probably slightly smaller in size.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |