747 lines
91 KiB
XML
747 lines
91 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A5B182DBCE5C1E330EA9F7A74B986F48">Study on the intraspecific variation of Capila lineata lineata Chou & Gu, 1994, with some taxonomic notes on the related taxa (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C00E028FBA9FD3866F5898126911B64C">Xue, Guoxi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EC53326C8AF28851911F00A70CD20BB">College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="228C019CEDC5DB67456C8BA98E4F971C">Xie, Yunxiao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="23F3474F86146D4F6490F02E5CFC8645">College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33F614089D8EA94A950B92F7A633B518">Shen, Guangcai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5FC9874AB213D32501707E4EDA50D90F">Baoshan Branch of Yunnan Province Tobacco Company, No. 186 Zheng Yang Bei Lu, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, 678000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="92BEEDB8C6ECC858CF395EAA9DDC865E">Li, Xiaojuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DBBF74467C8F9D862F17523C51C3F4B2">College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD534AE0042CE661C555A219A707D507">Li, Meng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ACFE7B26B81C7AF4E7790EE5977288AD">College of Tobacco Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, No. 136 Ke Xue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C953E52851B957C55F9AA08F5BDEE30">Baoshan Branch of Yunnan Province Tobacco Company, No. 186 Zheng Yang Bei Lu, Baoshan, Yunnan Province, 678000, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:part id="B198A5A47413DCFA67C0C22E1934322C">
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<mods:date id="75C20064811D8AAEFF06810024A762D1">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FF2F5A82ADE6FD49" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,640,729,756]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF2F5A82AEFAFD4E" bold="true" box="[151,412,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
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Chou & Gu, 1994
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF2F5B4CAE4CFC95" box="[151,298,791,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila lineata</emphasis>
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Chou & Gu, 1994
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,
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FE445B43AD77FC95" box="[508,529,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">In</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FD985B4CADAEFC95" author="Chou, I." box="[544,712,791,815]" page="772" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FD985B4CADAEFC95" author="Chou, I." box="[544,712,791,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 772</bibRefCitation>
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, 700.
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locality:
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<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB08D79FC265B4CAC8CFC95" box="[926,1002,791,815]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Hainan</collectingRegion>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FC4E5B4CABB8FC95" author="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z." box="[1014,1246,791,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4748" refString="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gu & Chen 1997: 302</bibRefCitation>
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(description), 303 (photos of male adult);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FE035B6CADE6FCF4" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[443,640,822,846]" page="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FE035B6CADE6FCF4" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[443,640,822,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Fan
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FE515B6CAD78FCF4" box="[489,542,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">et al.</emphasis>
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2003: 59
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(comparative description);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FC255B6CABF6FCF4" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[925,1168,822,847]" page="153" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FC255B6CABF6FCF4" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M." box="[925,1168,822,847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="153 - 156" refId="ref4644" refString="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. (2004) Notes on the genus Capila from China with a new species and a new record (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 29 (1), 153 - 156." type="journal article" year="2004">Fan & Wang 2004: 153</bibRefCitation>
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(distribution);
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FA945B6CAE5CFCD7" author="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F." page="1289" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FA945B6CAE5CFCD7" author="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5171" refString="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F. (Eds.) (2017) Butterflies of China. The Straits Publishing House, Fuzhou, 2036 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wu & Hsu 2017: 1289</bibRefCitation>
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(description, bionomics, distribution), 1291 (photos of male adults).
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=
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FF145B28AC5BFC31" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[172,829,883,907]" page="141" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2002">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FF145B28AC5BFC31" authority="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, 2002: 141" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="2002" box="[172,829,883,907]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF145B28AED7FC31" box="[172,433,883,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila lineata irregularis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FE0F5B28AC5BFC31" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[439,829,883,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref4544" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 12. A further contribution to the Hesperiidae fauna of north and central Vietnam. Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii, 2002: 141</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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locality: Pu Hoat Nature Reserve,
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<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB08D79FB635B28AAFFFC31" box="[1243,1433,883,908]" country="Vietnam" name="Nghe An" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Nghe An Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB08D79FF7F5BC9AE46FC10" box="[199,288,914,938]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FE925BC9ADFFFC10" author="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L." box="[298,665,914,938]" page="71" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FE925BC9ADFFFC10" author="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L." box="[298,665,914,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5054" refString="Monastyrskii, A. L. & Devyatkin, A. L. (2016) Butterflies of Vietnam (an illustrated checklist) 2 nd edition. Planorama Meida Co., Ltd, Hanoi, 95 pp., 17 pls." type="book" year="2016">Monastyrskii & Devyatkin 2016: 71</bibRefCitation>
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(distribution).
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<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FC8A5BC9AC1EFC10" bold="true" box="[818,888,914,938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">syn. n.</emphasis>
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=
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|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FF155BEAADC8FC73" authority="Fan, Wang & Huang, 2003: 58" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="2003" box="[173,686,945,969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF155BEAAE03FC73" box="[173,357,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FED55BEAADC8FC73" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[365,686,945,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">Fan, Wang & Huang, 2003: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FD015BEAAD8DFC73" box="[697,747,945,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Ruyuan County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB08D79FC435BEAABB0FC73" box="[1019,1238,945,969]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Guangdong Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB08D79FB5A5BEAAA44FC73" box="[1250,1314,945,969]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD710A4FFB08D79FA945BEAAE4BFC5D" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." page="130" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FA945BEAAE4BFC5D" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref5286" refString="Yuan, F., Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X. (2015) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 55. Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 754 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FAD05BEAAAF0FC73" box="[1384,1430,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015: 130
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(description, figure for female genitalia).
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FD6F5B94AC7BFC5D" bold="true" box="[727,797,975,999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C653EFFB08D7EFF2F5C54AA70F92D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="578" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB08D79FF2F5C54ABC1FA47" blockId="2.[151,1437,1039,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF2F5C54AE0DFB93" bold="true" box="[151,363,1039,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Historical review.</emphasis>
|
||
Based upon
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB08D79FDBC5C54AD0AFB93" box="[516,620,1039,1065]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB08D79FC925C54AC18FB93" box="[810,894,1039,1065]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB08D79FC335C54ACB7FB93" box="[907,977,1039,1065]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chou & Gu (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FB215C54AA79FB93" author="Chou, I." box="[1177,1311,1039,1065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FF2F5C68AE5CFBF7" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,314,1075,1101]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF2F5C68AE5CFBF7" box="[151,314,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new species. They compared the wing pattern of the new species with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FB4C5C68AEECFBCB" authority="(de Niceville, [1893])" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FB4C5C68AAFAFBF7" box="[1268,1436,1075,1101]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. pennicillata</emphasis>
|
||
(de Nicéville, [1893])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by providing a black-and-white figure (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FCFF5C0CAB66FBCB" author="Chou, I." box="[839,1024,1111,1137]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 772</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 77), and stated that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FA965C0CAAFAFBCB" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[1326,1436,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FA965C0CAAFAFBCB" box="[1326,1436,1111,1137]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ‘anterior portion (of the white oblique band on the forewing) surpassing the vein above the cell’. However, judging from the wing pattern, the wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FDCE5CC4AC7AFB03" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[630,796,1183,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FDCE5CC4AC7AFB03" box="[630,796,1183,1209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. pennicillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they used in the figure belongs to a female; and, the wing pattern of the new species in the black-and-white figure is inconsistent with that in the color photos of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FA825C98AAFAFB67" box="[1338,1436,1219,1245]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
shown in the same book (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FE0C5CBCAD09FABB" author="Chou, I." box="[436,623,1255,1281]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): in the color photos, the white band on the forewing, as described in the accompanying Chinese paragraph (where the gender of the specimen was incorrectly recorded as female), does not extend into the costal area on both dorsal and ventral side. In addition, although a hand drawing of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FF0C5D08AE47FAD7" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[180,289,1363,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF0C5D08AE47FAD7" box="[180,289,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was provided (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FE715D08AD19FAD7" author="Chou, I." box="[457,639,1363,1389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 772</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 78), the authors did not give a description or explain the differences in male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FECE5D2CAE82FA2B" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[374,484,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FECE5D2CAE82FA2B" box="[374,484,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FDA15D2CADA6FA2B" baseAuthorityName="de Niceville" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[537,704,1399,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FDA15D2CADA6FA2B" box="[537,704,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. pennicillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FCAC5D2CAB7EFA2B" author="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z." box="[788,1048,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4748" refString="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gu & Chen (1997: 302</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 303) illustrated the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FB445D2CAA38FA2B" box="[1276,1374,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FA3B5D2CAF83FA0F" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FA3B5D2CAF83FA0F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
again, but in the text the gender was wrongly recorded as female as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FC475DC0ABAEFA0F" author="Chou, I." box="[1023,1224,1435,1461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou (1994: 700)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and the authors of the species were erroneously written as ‘Liu et Gu’; meanwhile, they provided photos of a female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FB4E5DE4AD6DFA47" authority="(Joicey & Talbot, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Joicey & Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pennicillata" subSpecies="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FB4E5DE4AF9FFA47" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. pennicillata insularis</emphasis>
|
||
(Joicey & Talbot, 1921)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FDA25DB8AC71FA47" author="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z." box="[538,791,1507,1533]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4748" refString="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gu & Chen 1997: 303</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 466), which is actually a male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB08D79FF7F5E5CAE8FF84F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1039,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">
|
||
Two years later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FEC15E5CAD89F99B" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[377,751,1543,1569]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FCDC5E5CAB35F99B" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[868,1107,1543,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FCDC5E5CAB35F99B" box="[868,1107,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Capila lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB08D79FB365E5CAB97F99B" box="[1166,1265,1543,1569]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB08D79FA9B5E5CAAFAF99B" box="[1315,1436,1543,1569]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen from the southern area of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB08D79FD325E70AD8FF9FF" box="[650,745,1579,1605]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
as type specimens. They employed the following characters to distinguish
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FE8E5E0BAEE4F9D3" box="[310,386,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">magna</emphasis>
|
||
from the nominate subspecies: ‘larger size; forewing apical spots vestigial; forewing band on the upperside not continued to costa; hindwing underside without dark spots’. However, some of these differences are debatable: firstly, Chou & Gu did not mention the measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FC475ECCAB07F90B" box="[1023,1121,1687,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FB325ECCAAF1F90B" authority="(Chou 1994)" baseAuthorityName="Chou" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1162,1431,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FB325ECCAB9DF90B" box="[1162,1275,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FAB45ECCAAE9F90B" author="Chou, I." box="[1292,1423,1687,1713]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; secondly, according to the color photos of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FD125EE0AC6AF96F" box="[682,780,1723,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FCA45EE0ACBFF96F" author="Chou, I." box="[796,985,1723,1749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8), the band on the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FA3B5EE0AF83F943" baseAuthorityName="Chou" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FA3B5EE0AF83F943" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not continue to costa; thirdly, the ventral side of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FCE05EBBACC2F943" box="[856,932,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">magna</emphasis>
|
||
was not shown, while the dark spots on the ventral side of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB08D79FEDC5F58AEA0F8A7" box="[356,454,1795,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FE525F58AD3EF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Chou" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[490,600,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FE525F58AD3EF8A7" box="[490,600,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very blurred (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FCA55F58ACB3F8A7" author="Chou, I." box="[797,981,1795,1821]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8). Therefore, it seems that the main difference between the two taxa is the development degree of the forewing subapical spots in the male. Actually, there are more noteworthy differences: on the ventral side, ‘forewing band narrowly continued above radius to costa’ in
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FF445F2BAE2EF833" box="[252,328,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">magna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FEEF5F34AD99F830" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[343,767,1903,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 1999: 157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but not continued to costa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FBED5F34ABC5F833" baseAuthorityName="Chou" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[1109,1187,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FBED5F34ABC5F833" box="[1109,1187,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FB095F34AA0DF833" author="Chou, I." box="[1201,1387,1903,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8); the edge of the forewing band is smooth in the male of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FC905FCFAC12F817" box="[808,884,1940,1965]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">magna</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FC3B5FC8AB92F817" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[899,1268,1939,1965]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. XII, fig. 3) but ragged in the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB08D79FE0F5FECAD63F86B" baseAuthorityName="Chou" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[439,517,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB08D79FE0F5FECAD63F86B" box="[439,517,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="575">lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FDAB5FECADAAF86B" author="Chou, I." box="[531,716,1975,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 700</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB08D79FC255FECAA7CF86B" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[925,1306,1975,2001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="575" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not use these as diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF09663DFFB18D78FF2F5E02AD3BF903" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102296" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11102296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102296/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" startId="3.[151,250,1625,1649]" targetBox="[160,1428,187,1596]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB18D78FF2F5E02AD3BF903" blockId="3.[151,1437,1625,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB18D78FF2F5E02AE75F9C8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1625,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Male adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB18D78FE0B5E01AC34F9C8" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[435,850,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB18D78FE0B5E01ADF7F9C8" box="[435,657,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Chou & Gu, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–K. from Wuzhishan, Hainan. C. Specimen ID C22. H. Specimen ID C21. J. Specimen ID C20, Genitalia No. WZS14. K. Specimen ID C23. L. from Jiulianshan, Jiangxi, Specimen ID C19, Genitalia No. JX120. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB18D78FF7F5F57AB7BF860" blockId="3.[151,1437,1804,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">
|
||
Subsequently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB18D78FED35F57AD8AF89C" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[363,748,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref4544" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 12. A further contribution to the Hesperiidae fauna of north and central Vietnam. Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described another subspecies, viz.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB18D78FBC25F57AAFAF89C" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[1146,1436,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB18D78FBC25F57AAFAF89C" box="[1146,1436,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Capila lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern part of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB18D78FDAE5F6BAD1EF8F0" box="[534,632,1840,1866]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based upon
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB18D78FCA85F6BAC1FF8F0" box="[784,889,1840,1866]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="male">two male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens which bear five subapical spots and an irregular forewing band. Meanwhile, they stated that ‘the rank of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB18D78FC1B5F0FAB47F8D4" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[931,1057,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB18D78FC6D5F0EAB47F8D4" box="[981,1057,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be suggested to be raised to species level’ considering the characters in its wing pattern and male genitalia which are different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB18D78FA3B5F23ADC1F80C" authority="(Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 2002: 142)" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" baseAuthorityPageNumber="142" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB18D78FA3B5F23AF83F80C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="576">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB18D78FF4C5FC7ADF8F80C" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[244,670,1948,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref4544" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 12. A further contribution to the Hesperiidae fauna of north and central Vietnam. Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 2002: 142</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, at that time materials were too few for them (totally
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB18D78FAC95FC7AE6AF860" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="576" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
known for the three taxa) to clarify the variability of each subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF09663DFFB68D7FFF2F5AF2ACB3FD5F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11102298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102298/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" startId="4.[151,250,681,705]" targetBox="[159,1427,185,653]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB68D7FFF2F5AF2ACB3FD5F" blockId="4.[151,1436,681,741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFF2F5AF2AE75FD7B" bold="true" box="[151,275,681,705]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Female adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFE735AF2AC0FFD7B" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[459,873,681,705]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFE735AF2ADCCFD7B" box="[459,682,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Chou & Gu, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wuzhishan, Hainan. A. Genitalia No. WZS34. B. Specimen ID C24, Genitalia No. WZS33. C. Specimen ID C25. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF09663DFFB68D7FFF2F5CAEAB78FA8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102300" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11102300" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102300/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" startId="4.[151,250,1269,1293]" targetBox="[159,1427,772,1239]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB68D7FFF2F5CAEAB78FA8B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1269,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFF2F5CAEAE74FAB7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1269,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFEC35CAEAC75FAB7" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[379,787,1269,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFEC35CAEAD3EFAB7" box="[379,600,1269,1293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Chou & Gu, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Nanling, Guangdong. A–C. male. A. Specimen ID B74. B. Specimen ID B75. C. Specimen ID B76. D. female, Specimen ID B71. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB68D7FFF7F5DD8AAFFF867" blockId="4.[151,1437,1411,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">
|
||
The situation became more complicated with the publication of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFC225DD8AAFAFA27" authority="Fan, Wang & Huang, 2003" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[922,1436,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFC225DD8AB02FA27" box="[922,1124,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Capila neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFBD45DDFAAFAFA27" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[1132,1436,1411,1438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">Fan, Wang & Huang, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB68D7FFE855DFCAEA5FA7B" box="[317,451,1447,1473]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB68D7FFE775DFCAD70FA7B" box="[463,534,1447,1473]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ignoring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFD325DF3AC2BFA7B" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[650,845,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFD325DF3AC2BFA7B" box="[650,845,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFC3F5DF3AB10FA7B" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[903,1142,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFC3F5DF3AB10FA7B" box="[903,1142,1447,1474]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, its authors compared the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB68D7FFF6C5D90AE50FA5F" box="[212,310,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the illustrations and descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFD475D97AC0AFA5F" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[767,876,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFD475D97AC0AFA5F" box="[767,876,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFC365D90AB7DFA5F" author="Chou, I." box="[910,1051,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFBE85D90AA44FA5F" author="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z." box="[1104,1314,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refId="ref4748" refString="Gu, M. B. & Chen, P. Z. (1997) Butterflies in Hainan Island. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 355 pp." type="book" year="1997">Gu & Chen (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and found the following diagnostic characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFDE85DABAD81F9B3" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[592,743,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFDE85DABAD81F9B3" box="[592,743,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: ‘larger in size; the slant white discal series on forewing with spots much broader, with 2 white spots in front of the cell; the subapical series on forewing with the third and the fourth spots shifted outwardly; the upper branch of valva slightly longer’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFC5D5E6CABA2F9E8" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[997,1220,1591,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFBA25E63AB2AF9EB" box="[1050,1100,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003: 59
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Bewilderingly, in the Chinese abstract of the same paper, the diagnostic character in male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFBE35E07AB92F9CF" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[1115,1268,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFBE35E07AB92F9CF" box="[1115,1268,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described as ‘the lower branch of valva is slightly longer (than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFCFD5EDBACD2F923" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[837,948,1663,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFCFD5EDBACD2F923" box="[837,948,1663,1690]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFC6D5E24ABD7F920" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[981,1201,1663,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFBB05EDBAB5DF923" box="[1032,1083,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003: 59
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Either way, figures of the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFE1D5EFFAD5BF907" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[421,573,1699,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFE1D5EFFAD5BF907" box="[421,573,1699,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFDF45EF8AC43F904" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[588,805,1699,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFD385EFFADD7F907" box="[640,689,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003: 59
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFC175EFFAB12F907" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[943,1140,1699,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFC175EFFAB12F907" box="[943,1140,1699,1726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFB3B5EF8AA5BF907" author="Chou, I." box="[1155,1341,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refId="ref4517" refString="Chou, I. (Ed.) (1994) Monographia Rhopalocerorum Sinensium. Henan Scientific and Technological Publishing House, Zhengzhou, 854 pp." type="book" year="1994">Chou 1994: 772</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 78) are rather similar. As to wing patterns, the discal band on the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFC745E93AB04F95B" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[972,1122,1735,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFC745E93AB04F95B" box="[972,1122,1735,1762]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFA3B5E93AE02F8BF" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFA3B5E93AE02F8BF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, judging from the photos in the original paper (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFC4A5EB0ABAFF8BC" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[1010,1225,1771,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFB9D5EB7AB30F8BF" box="[1061,1110,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003: 59
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3), the female genital structures of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB68D7FFE145F4BAD6AF890" box="[428,524,1808,1834]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFD8D5F4BADABF893" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[565,717,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFD8D5F4BADABF893" box="[565,717,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seem to be similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFB8A5F4BAB91F893" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[1074,1271,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFB8A5F4BAB91F893" box="[1074,1271,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFABF5F54AEC5F8F7" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 1999: 181</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1-E) except for the shape of the distal edge of lamella postvaginalis. However, in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFADB5F6FAE3BF8CB" author="Yuan, F. & Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X." pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refId="ref5286" refString="Yuan, F., Yuan, X. Q. & Xue, G. X. (2015) Fauna Sinica: Insecta. Vol. 55. Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Science Press, Beijing, 754 pp., 15 pls." type="book" year="2015">
|
||
Yuan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFF2F5F03AFAFF8CB" box="[151,201,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015: 130)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a hand drawing of the genitalia of a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFCED5F03AC8AF8CB" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[853,1004,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFCED5F03AC8AF8CB" box="[853,1004,1879,1906]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is from the type locality of the species, shows nearly the same characters as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFD4A5F27ACD5F82F" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[754,947,1915,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFD4A5F27ACD5F82F" box="[754,947,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFC7A5F20AA0CF82F" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[962,1386,1915,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 1999: 181</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1-E).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB68D7FFF6E5FFBAE86F803" author="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F." box="[214,480,1951,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" refId="ref5171" refString="Wu, C. S. & Hsu, Y. F. (Eds.) (2017) Butterflies of China. The Straits Publishing House, Fuzhou, 2036 pp." type="book" year="2017">Wu & Hsu (2017: 1291</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1292) exhibited photos of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB68D7FFCAB5FFBAC1EF803" box="[787,888,1951,1978]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFC385FFBAC89F803" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[896,1007,1951,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFC385FFBAC89F803" box="[896,1007,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Longmen, central
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB68D7FFB475FC4AAE3F803" box="[1279,1413,1951,1977]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a locality not far from the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB68D7FFDE25F9FAD97F867" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[602,753,1987,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB68D7FFDE25F9FAD97F867" box="[602,753,1987,2014]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="577">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, further indicating a questionable status of the latter species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF09663DFFB78D7EFF2F5B2EACECFC43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11102302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102302/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" startId="5.[151,250,885,909]" targetBox="[158,1434,189,858]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB78D7EFF2F5B2EACECFC43" blockId="5.[151,1436,885,1017]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFF2F5B2EAE75FC37" bold="true" box="[151,275,885,909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB78D7EFE765B2EAC0FFC37" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[462,873,885,909]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFE765B2EADCAFC37" box="[462,684,885,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Chou & Gu, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wuzhishan, Hainan (Specimen ID C20, Genitalia No. WZS14). A. genital capsule, lateral view. B.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFD365BC2ADDAFC0B" box="[654,700,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral view. C. ring, posterior view. D.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFBD05BC2ABF0FC0B" box="[1128,1174,921,945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view. E. tegumen & uncus, dorsal view. F. gnathos & uncus, ventral view. G. left valva, outer side. H.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFBBD5BE6AB55FC6F" box="[1029,1075,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, inner side. I.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFB745BE6AB9CFC6F" box="[1228,1274,957,981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal view. J. aedeagus, dorsal view. K.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFE185BBAAEA8FC43" box="[416,462,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">ditto</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral view. L. cornuti, enlarged. N. juxta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF09663DFFB78D7EFF2F5DB4AC23F991" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102304" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11102304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102304/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" startId="5.[151,250,1519,1543]" targetBox="[152,1432,1050,1496]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB78D7EFF2F5DB4AC23F991" blockId="5.[151,1437,1519,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFF2F5DB4AE73F9BD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1519,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB78D7EFD375DB4AB53F9BD" authority="Chou & Gu, 1994" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[655,1077,1519,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFD375DB4AC16F9BD" box="[655,880,1519,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
Chou & Gu, 1994
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wuzhishan, Hainan. A1–A3. Specimen ID C24, Genitalia No. WZS33. B. Genitalia No. WZS34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB78D7EFF7F5E26AA70F92D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1661,2012]" box="[199,1302,1661,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">As reviewed above, the relationship of the four taxa has been an unresolved issue for two decades.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C653EFFB78D7DFF7F5EFAAE8BFAC3" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB78D7EFF7F5EFAAA4CF965" blockId="5.[151,1437,1661,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFF7F5EFAAD80F901" bold="true" box="[199,742,1697,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
|
||
Intraspecific variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB78D7EFE555EFAADB9F906" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[493,735,1697,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB78D7EFE555EFAADB9F906" bold="true" box="[493,735,1697,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Based upon the results of molecular analysis and morphological study, the intraspecific variation of the nominate subspecies from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B2F857FFB78D7EFCC05E9EACAFF965" box="[888,969,1733,1759]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||
can be summarized as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB78D7EFF7F5EB1ABBEF861" blockId="5.[151,1437,1661,2012]" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">
|
||
In the male, the length of the forewing is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B50FFB78D7EFD345EB2AC62F8BE" box="[652,772,1769,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="578" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="25.0">25–28 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 54). On the dorsal side of the forewing, subapical spots in spaces R
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFEAF5F7BAE79F894" attach="left" box="[279,287,1824,1838]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">3</subScript>
|
||
–M
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFEFE5F7BAE28F894" attach="left" box="[326,334,1824,1838]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">2</subScript>
|
||
are well-developed, relatively smaller, or reduced to tiny dots; the one in space R
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFB585F7BAB8EF894" attach="left" box="[1248,1256,1824,1838]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">5</subScript>
|
||
may be slightly displaced outwards, while the one in space M
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFD285F1FADFEF8E8" attach="left" box="[656,664,1860,1874]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">2</subScript>
|
||
may be hardly traceable. The discal band is curved or nearly straight, continuous or interrupted by vein Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFD845F33AD22F8CC" attach="left" box="[572,580,1896,1910]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">2</subScript>
|
||
and vein m-cu; it reaches the lower half of space Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB78D7EFB1A5F33ABCCF8CC" attach="left" box="[1186,1194,1896,1910]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="578">2</subScript>
|
||
or stops at the upper half of the space; the outer edge of the band is relatively smooth or irregular. One or two spots may be located in the coastal area above the cell spot. The cell spot may be wide or narrow, rectangular or triangular, or broken into two spots. On the ventral side of the hindwing, a series of black spots may be blurred or well defined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB48D7DFF7F58CCAD3DFDDB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Characters of the male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A30FFB48D7DFDF558CCADF2FF0B" box="[589,660,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,885,909]" captionTargetBox="[158,1434,189,858]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Capila lineata lineata Chou & Gu, 1994 from Wuzhishan, Hainan (Specimen ID C20, Genitalia No. WZS14). A. genital capsule, lateral view. B. ditto, ventral view. C. ring, posterior view. D. ditto, lateral view. E. tegumen & uncus, dorsal view. F. gnathos & uncus, ventral view. G. left valva, outer side. H. ditto, inner side. I. ditto, dorsal view. J. aedeagus, dorsal view. K. ditto, lateral view. L. cornuti, enlarged. N. juxta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102302/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) are almost constant among examined specimens. Considering the fact that the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE4A58E0AD8AFF6F" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[498,748,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE4A58E0AD8AFF6F" box="[498,748,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Capila lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been described in detail, the following description is provided: Tegumen trapeziform in dorsal view, with anterior edge curved; middle part slightly raised in lateral view. Uncus helmet-shaped, in dorsal view, basal 2/3 gently tapered, distal 1/3 divided into a pair of short and blunt branches, decorated with tiny sawteeth on tip. Gnathos arm-like in lateral view, distal part fused into a well-developed plate in ventral view, with its distal edge concave in middle in posterior view. Saccus as long as tegumen in lateral view, wide and nearly triangular in ventral view. Basal half of valva trapeziform, distal half trifurcate; in lateral view, dorsal branch short and bent downwards, middle branch longer, ventral branch the longest and much thicker, its distal half tapered and bent upwards; in dorsal view, dorsal branch slightly bent outwards, middle branch bent inwards, ventral branch almost straight; distal area of both dorsal and middle branches decorated with spinules. Aedeagus much longer than ventral margin of valva, subzonal sheath inclined to left in dorsal view, shorter than suprazonal sheath; coecum penis slightly bent upwards in lateral view; cornuti densely covered with tiny spines. Juxta bifid into a pair of elongate plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB48D7DFF7F5A30AEB0FC83" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
In the female, the observed variation in wing pattern is less than that in the male due to a much smaller sample size: the forewing length is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B50FFB48D7DFE715AD4AD24FD13" box="[457,578,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="28.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="27.0">27–29 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 4); there are four or five small subapical spots on the forewing, of which the last one may be vestigial; the costal area above the cell spot may be blank on the dorsal side of some individuals, but always bears one or two spots on the ventral side. Characters in female genitalia are less variable except for the concavity in the middle of the distal edge of lamella antevaginalis, which may be deep and nearly V-shaped or relatively shallower (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A30FFB48D7DFE3C5B44AEAEFC83" box="[388,456,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,1050,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[151,1435,1042,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral view of female genitalia of Capila lineata lineata Chou & Gu, 1994 from Wuzhishan, Hainan. A1–A3. Specimen ID C24, Genitalia No. WZS33. B. Genitalia No. WZS34." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB48D7DFF7F5B19ACF7FB8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFF7F5B19AC5AFCE7" bold="true" box="[199,828,834,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE805B19AD38FCE7" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[312,606,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE805B19AD38FCE7" bold="true" box="[312,606,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Capila lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFD225B18AC52FCE7" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[666,820,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFD225B18AC52FCE7" bold="true" box="[666,820,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFC645B18AAF1FCE7" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[988,1431,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref4544" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 12. A further contribution to the Hesperiidae fauna of north and central Vietnam. Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (2002: 142)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFEA75B3CAD24FC3B" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[287,578,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFEA75B3CAD24FC3B" box="[287,578,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Capila lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the nominate subspecies in having five subapical spots instead of four, and the white band interrupted by vein Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB48D7DFD6D5BC6ADBBFC11" attach="left" box="[725,733,925,939]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">2</subScript>
|
||
, with less regular outer border. These differences fall into the range of intraspecific variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFDB75BF4ADB6FC73" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[527,720,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFDB75BF4ADB6FC73" box="[527,720,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
discussed above. A photo of a female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFBCD5BF4AA06FC73" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[1141,1376,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFBCD5BF4AA06FC73" box="[1141,1376,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3617625FFB48D7DFF445B88AE38FC57" box="[252,350,979,1005]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE405B88ADDEFC56" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[504,696,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE405B88ADDEFC56" box="[504,696,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was exhibited in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFC3B5B88AB15FC57" author="Ikeda, K. & Nishimura, M. & Inagaki, H." box="[899,1139,978,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="58 - 66" refId="ref4913" refString="Ikeda, K., Nishimura, M. & Inagaki, H. (2001) Butterflies of Cuc Phuong National Park in northern Vietnam (5). Butterflies, 30, 58 - 66." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Ikeda
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC705B88AC9EFC57" box="[968,1016,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2001: 59
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 20). Judging from the wing patterns, it is undistinguishable from the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFCA95BACACB2FBAB" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[785,980,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFCA95BACACB2FBAB" box="[785,980,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFB9F5BACAA72FBAB" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="2002" box="[1063,1300,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFB9F5BACAA72FBAB" box="[1063,1300,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFAA35BACAAE5FBAB" bold="true" box="[1307,1411,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">syn. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is considered a junior subjective synonym of the nominate subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB48D7DFF7F5C64AE8BFAC3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Judging from the original paper of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFDF15C64ADB8FBE3" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[585,734,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFDF15C64ADB8FBE3" box="[585,734,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the male genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFC065C64AB0FFBE3" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[958,1129,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC485C64AB46FBE3" box="[1008,1056,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2) are exactly the same as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFEA25C38AE86FBC7" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[282,480,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFEA25C38AE86FBC7" box="[282,480,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and characters in the female genitalia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFC1F5C38AB3EFBC7" author="Fan, X. L. & Wang, M. & Huang, G. H." box="[935,1112,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="58 - 59" refId="ref4692" refString="Fan, X. L., Wang, M. & Huang, G. H. (2003) A new species of the genus Capia Moore (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 24 (2), 58 - 59." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Fan
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC635C38AB6BFBC7" box="[987,1037,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3) fall into the range of individual variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE215CDCAD3BFB1B" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[409,605,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE215CDCAD3BFB1B" box="[409,605,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, the difference between the two taxa is the position of the subapical spot in space R
|
||
<subScript id="17F234F0FFB48D7DFEFB5CE6AE2DFB71" attach="left" box="[323,331,1213,1227]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">5</subScript>
|
||
which is shifted outwardly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFD1C5CF0AC5DFB7F" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[676,827,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFD1C5CF0AC5DFB7F" box="[676,827,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the present study,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB48D7DFB8C5CF0ABD3FB7F" box="[1076,1205,1195,1221]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
(forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B50FFB48D7DFA385CF0AFA2FB53" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB48D7DFEBD5C94AEE7FB53" box="[261,385,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B50FFB48D7DFDF75C94ADC6FB53" box="[591,672,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
) from the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFC755C94AB03FB53" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[973,1125,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC755C94AB03FB53" box="[973,1125,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A30FFB48D7DFA915C94AA0BFB53" box="[1321,1389,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1519,1543]" captionTargetBox="[152,1432,1050,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-103@5.[151,1435,1042,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Ventral view of female genitalia of Capila lineata lineata Chou & Gu, 1994 from Wuzhishan, Hainan. A1–A3. Specimen ID C24, Genitalia No. WZS33. B. Genitalia No. WZS34." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11102304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11102304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), of which the males are consistent with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFD2C5CA8AC3FFAB7" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[660,857,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFD2C5CA8AC3FFAB7" box="[660,857,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the female is very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8817FFB48D7DFAA55CA8AA1BFAB7" box="[1309,1405,1267,1293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFF2F5D4CAE4BFA8B" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,301,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFF2F5D4CAE4BFA8B" box="[151,301,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both the COI gene sequences and genital characters proved these specimens to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFB6B5D4CAAF3FA8B" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[1235,1429,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFB6B5D4CAAF3FA8B" box="[1235,1429,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFEAB5D60AECEFAEF" authorityName="Fan, Wang & Huang" authorityYear="2003" box="[275,424,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neolineata" status="syn. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFEAB5D60AECEFAEF" box="[275,424,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. neolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE165D60AD73FAEF" bold="true" box="[430,533,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157DCFFB48D7DFE165D60AD73FAEF" box="[430,533,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is neither a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFC8D5D60ACC5FAEF" baseAuthorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[821,931,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC8D5D60ACC5FAEF" box="[821,931,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor a
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC5E5D60AC97FAEE" box="[998,1009,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">s</emphasis>
|
||
eparate species, but a junior subjective synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE9B5D04AE81FAC3" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[291,487,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE9B5D04AE81FAC3" box="[291,487,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C653EFFB48D7DFF7F5DD9AAFDF9EB" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936B5FFB48D7DFF7F5DD9AAFDF9EB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFF7F5DD9AE2AFA26" bold="true" box="[199,332,1410,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFEEF5DD8AC7AFA27" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[343,796,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref4544" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (2002) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 12. A further contribution to the Hesperiidae fauna of north and central Vietnam. Atalanta, 33 (1 / 2), 137 - 155." type="journal article" year="2002">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (2002: 142)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFC6C5DD8ABB6FA26" authorityName="Devyatkin & Monastyrskii" authorityYear="1999" box="[980,1232,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFC6C5DD8ABB6FA26" box="[980,1232,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">Capila lineata magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may deserve full species status, due to the reduction of forewing subapical spots, the straighter and narrower forewing discal band, and the middle branch of valva being the longest, compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFCED5D90AB7EFA5F" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[853,1048,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFCED5D90AB7EFA5F" box="[853,1048,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Judging from the photos of adults (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B44FFB48D7DFF275DB4AD75F9B3" author="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L." box="[159,531,1519,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" pagination="151 - 184" refId="ref4592" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of north and central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. XII, fig. 3, 4), wing patterns of both sexes of
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFBF25DB4ABF0F9B2" box="[1098,1174,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">magna</emphasis>
|
||
are out of the range of individual variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D36FFB48D7DFE2F5E48AD3CF997" authorityName="Chou & Gu" authorityYear="1994" box="[407,602,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Capila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="lineata" subSpecies="lineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFE2F5E48AD3CF997" box="[407,602,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">C. lineata lineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the female genitalia are very similar to those of the latter. Considering the fact that only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB48D7DFEE35E6CAEA7F9EB" box="[347,449,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD3CFFB48D7DFE4F5E6CAD15F9EB" box="[503,627,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="579" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
are known for
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAA7FFB48D7DFCA65E6CAC0CF9EA" box="[798,874,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="579">magna</emphasis>
|
||
, it is better to keep its subspecific rank at present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |