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<emphasis id="B912EA982C2A097DFF1DF8F2FE3F7350" bold="true" box="[151,389,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Talisman scrobilator</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C2A097DFF1DF8D6FF44732C" box="[151,254,1847,1874]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="144.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@144.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="PLATE 4. A. Tethystrombus coronatus (Defrance, 1827), CIADP-F 32, height 119.1 mm, width 107.2 mm, Figueiral. B. Talisman scrobilator (Linnaeus, 1758), Ponta dos Cedros, size not known, LNEG collection (unnumbered, specimen not seen, part of a photograph database). C. Aspa marginata (Gmelin, 1791), DBUA-F 1428-1, height 28.0 mm, width 20.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. D1-D2. Monoplex comptus (A. Adams, 1855) height 25.0 mm, width 14.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure D1 taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl, 1, fig.10 and figure D2 from Mayer, 1864, pl. 7, fig. 52). E1-E3. Distorsio mcgintyi Emerson &amp; Puffer, 1953, DBUA-F 1189-1, height 31.0 mm, width 18.0 mm, Pedra-que-pica. F. Xenophora sp., height 70.0 mm, diameter 15.0 mm, unknown locality, LNEG collection (unnumbered). G1-G3. Gibberula vignali Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1896, DBUA-F 1044-1, height 2.8 mm, width 1.6 mm, Pedra-que-pica. H1-H2. Cancellaria parcestriata Bronn, 1862, height 10.0 mm, width 6.5 mm, Pinheiros (figure H1 taken from Bronn in Reiss (1862), pl. 1, fig. 7 and figure H2 from Mayer (1864), pl. 7, fig. 51). I1-I2. Costoanachis semicostata (Sacco, 1890), DBUA-F 1034-4, height 6.9 mm, width 3.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. J. Costoanachis sp., DBUA-F 1059, height 2.7 mm, width 1.6 mm, Baía do Raposo. K. Angustifusus longiroster (Brocchi, 1814), height 36.0 mm, width 18.1 mm, unknown locality, LNEG collection (unnumbered). L. Fusinus nov. sp.?, height 51.0 mm, width 24.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965297/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Plate 4 B</figureCitation>
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* 
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C2A097DFF1DF87AFEB573CC" box="[151,271,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Murex rana</emphasis>
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var. 
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C2A097DFDB2F87AFD0A73CC" box="[568,688,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Murex rana</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C2A097DFF1DF85BFED973AF" box="[151,355,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Triton scrobiculator</emphasis>
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, pl. 414, fig. 1.
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C2A097DFF1DF839FED8738E" box="[151,354,2008,2032]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Bufonaria pesleonis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2A097DFEE3F839FDEF738E" author="Schumacher, C. F." box="[361,597,2008,2032]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refId="ref124100" refString="Schumacher, C. F. (1817) Essai d'un nouveau systeIme des habitations des vers testaceis. Schultz, Copenhagen, 287 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35863" type="book" year="1817">Schumacher 1817: 252</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFF57FE4B74B3" authority="Borson 1825: 310" authorityName="Borson" authorityPageNumber="310" authorityYear="1825" box="[151,497,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFF57FE8874B3" box="[151,306,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Murex nodosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEB2FF57FE4B74B3" author="Borson, S." box="[312,497,181,205]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 318" refId="ref95354" refString="Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318." type="journal article" year="1825">Borson 1825: 310</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFF35FD1D7492" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,679,212,236]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFF35FD1D7492" box="[151,679,212,236]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFF1DFF35FDB77492" author="Risso, A." box="[151,525,212,236]" page="203" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1826">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFF35FDB77492" authority="Risso 1826: 203" authorityName="Risso" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,525,212,236]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFF35FEDA7492" box="[151,352,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella tuberculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEECFF35FDB77492" author="Risso, A." box="[358,525,212,236]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref122462" refString="Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984" type="book" year="1826">Risso 1826: 203</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 9, fig. 123.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFF12FCCF7574" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,885,243,267]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFF12FCCF7574" box="[151,885,243,267]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFF12FE277575" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,413,243,267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymatiidae" genus="Triton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFF12FED97575" box="[151,355,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Triton scrobiculator</emphasis>
Lam.
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFE3DFF12FD4E7575" author="Bellardi L. &amp; Michelotti G." box="[439,756,243,267]" page="33" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1840">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE3DFF12FD4E7575" author="Bellardi L. &amp; Michelotti G." box="[439,756,243,267]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="93 - 174" refId="ref93833" refString="Bellardi L. &amp; Michelotti G. (1840). Saggio orittographico sulla classe dei gasteropodi fossili dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte. 82 pp., 8 pls. [Also published in 1841 as: Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Series 2, 3, 93 - 174, pls. 2 - 9]" type="book chapter" year="1840">Bellardi &amp; Michelotti 1840: 33</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, fig. 7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFEF3FD4A7557" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,752,273,297]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFEF3FE7E7557" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,452,273,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymatiidae" genus="Triton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFEF3FED97557" box="[151,355,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Triton scrobiculator</emphasis>
Lamarck
</taxonomicName>
— 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE54FEF0FDD87557" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[478,610,273,297]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref121813" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1844 a) Monograph of the genus Triton. In: Reeve, L. &amp; Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129" type="book" year="1844">Reeve 1844a</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 8, fig. 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFED1FDDA7536" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,608,304,328]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFED1FE687536" ID-CoL="de4bac4f-5ee8-4891-a21e-7108628cfb61" authority="Reeve 1844 b" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[151,466,304,328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFED1FEFF7536" box="[151,325,304,328]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella coriacea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEC1FED1FE687536" author="Reeve, L. A." box="[331,466,304,328]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref121882" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1844 b) Monograph of the genus Ranella. In: Reeve, L. &amp; Co (Ed.), Conchologia Iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 2. Reeve, London, pp. 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8129" type="book" year="1844">Reeve 1844b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 4, fig. 26.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFEAEFDBD7519" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,519,335,359]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFEAEFDBD7519" box="[151,519,335,359]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFF1DFEAEFDB87519" author="Sismonda, E." box="[151,514,335,359]" page="40" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1847">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFEAEFDB87519" ID-CoL="8NCVQ" authority="Sismonda 1847: 40" authorityName="Sismonda" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,514,335,359]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFEAEFE8F7519" box="[151,309,335,359]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella nodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEB6FEAEFDB87519" author="Sismonda, E." box="[316,514,335,359]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref124944" refString="Sismonda, E. (1847) Synopsis methodica animalium invertebratorum pedemontii fossilium (exceptis speciebus ineditis). Typis Regiis, Augustae Taurinorum, VIII + 62 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14409" type="book" year="1847">Sismonda 1847: 40</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFE8CFDBE75FB" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,516,365,392]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFE8CFEFD75FB" ID-CoL="a89bd8f7-5040-472f-a590-1cf0e6cf9caf" authorityName="Mörch" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,327,365,389]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Apollon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="quercina">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFE8CFEFD75FB" box="[151,327,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Apollon quercina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M̂rch 1852: 106.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFE6DFC8875DA" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,818,396,422]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFE6DFE0275D8" authority="Kiener" authorityName="Kiener" box="[151,440,396,422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFE6DFED075DA" box="[151,362,396,420]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella scrobiculata</emphasis>
Kiener
</taxonomicName>
—Ĥrnes 1853: 212, pl. 21, figs. 3-5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFE4AFC9F75BD" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,805,426,451]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFE4AFC9F75BD" box="[151,805,426,451]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFE4AFE3575BD" ID-CoL="8NCVQ" authority="E. Sism." authorityName="E. Sism." box="[151,399,427,451]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFE4AFE8F75BD" box="[151,309,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella nodosa</emphasis>
E. Sism.
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFE23FE4AFDCF75BD" author="D'Ancona, C." box="[425,629,427,451]" page="61" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1872">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE23FE4AFDCF75BD" author="D'Ancona, C." box="[425,629,427,451]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="173 - 259" refId="ref89134" refString="D'Ancona, C. (1872) Malacologia pliocenica italiana. Fascicolo II. Generi: Pisania, Ranella, Triton, Fasciolaria, Turbinella, Cancellaria, Fusus. G. Barbera, Firenze, pp. 55 - 141, pls. 8 - 15. [reissued 1873: Memorie per servire alla Descrizione della Carta Geologica d'Italia, 2, 173 - 259, pls. 8 - 15]." type="journal article" year="1872">D’Ancona 1872: 61</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFE28FD53759F" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,745,457,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFE28FD53759F" box="[151,745,457,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFE28FEC4759F" ID-CoL="8NCVQ" authority="(Bors.)" baseAuthorityName="Bors." box="[151,382,457,481]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFE28FE8F759F" box="[151,309,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella nodosa</emphasis>
(Bors.)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFE13FE28FDE6759F" author="Bellardi, L." box="[409,604,457,481]" page="233" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1873">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE13FE28FDE6759F" author="Bellardi, L." box="[409,604,457,481]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref93411" refString="Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269" type="book" year="1873">Bellardi 1873: 233</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 15, fig. 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFE09FC7F767E" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,965,488,512]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFE09FC7F767E" box="[151,965,488,512]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFF1DFE09FC80767E" author="Sacco, F." box="[151,826,488,512]" page="39" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1904">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFE09FC80767E" ID-CoL="8NDH8" authority="Sacco 1904: 39" authorityName="Sacco" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,826,488,512]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="nodosa" subGenus="Apollon" variety="subanodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFE09FF5C767E" box="[151,230,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF7FFE09FEFF767E" box="[245,325,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Apollon</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEDEFE09FE27767E" box="[340,413,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
(Bors.) var. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFD96FE09FD2F767E" box="[540,661,488,512]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">subanodosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD16FE09FC80767E" author="Sacco, F." box="[668,826,488,512]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref123454" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904: 39</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFDE6FBB17661" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1035,519,543]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFDE6FBB17661" box="[151,1035,519,543]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFF1DFDE6FCC47661" author="Sacco, F." box="[151,894,519,543]" page="39" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1904">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFDE6FCC47661" ID-CoL="8NFGX" authority="Sacco 1904: 39" authorityName="Sacco" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,894,519,543]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="nodosa" subGenus="Apollon" variety="mioquinqueseriata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFDE6FF5C7661" box="[151,230,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF7FFDE6FEFF7661" box="[245,325,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Apollon</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEDEFDE6FE277661" box="[340,413,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
(Bors.) var. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFD96FDE6FD607660" box="[540,730,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">mioquinqueseriata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD6BFDE6FCC47661" author="Sacco, F." box="[737,894,519,543]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref123454" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904: 39</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 11, fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFDC7FEB37622" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFDC7FDEA7643" authority=", Linnaeo" authorityName="Linnaeo" box="[151,592,549,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculata" subGenus="Bufonariella">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFDC7FF6E7643" box="[151,212,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FDC4FED87643" box="[226,354,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bufonariella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEFAFDC4FE547643" box="[368,494,549,573]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobiculata</emphasis>
, Linnaeo
</taxonomicName>
, with eight varieties—Settepassi 1970: 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFC55FDC4FBEE7643" ID-CoL="7NH3T" authorityName="Iredale" authorityYear="1913" box="[991,1108,549,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cymatiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Cymatiidae</taxonomicName>
vii, pl. 5, figs. 14, 15; pl. 6, figs. 16-18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD82FBBE7605" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1028,611,635]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD82FBBE7605" box="[151,1028,611,635]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD82FD1C7605" ID-CoL="7QHB7" authority="(Borson)" baseAuthorityName="Borson" box="[151,678,611,635]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="scrobiculator" subGenus="Bufonariella" subSpecies="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD82FF6E7604" box="[151,212,611,634]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FD82FED87605" box="[226,354,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bufonariella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEFBFD82FDF27605" box="[369,584,611,635]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobiculator nodosa</emphasis>
(Borson)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFD4AFD82FC3E7605" author="Caprotti, E." box="[704,900,611,635]" page="172" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD4AFD82FC3E7605" author="Caprotti, E." box="[704,900,611,635]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="121 - 187" refId="ref97236" refString="Caprotti, E. (1970) Mesogastropoda della stratotipo piacenziano (Castell'Arquato, Piacenza). Natura, Atti della Societa`Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 61, 121 - 187." type="journal article" year="1970">Caprotti 1970: 172</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 6, fig. 3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD63FC7076E7" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,970,641,665]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD63FC7076E7" box="[151,970,641,665]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD63FDED76E7" ID-CoL="7QHB7" authority="(Borson, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,599,641,665]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa" subGenus="Bufonariella">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD63FF6E76E7" box="[151,212,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FD60FED876E7" box="[226,354,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bufonariella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEFBFD60FE0076E7" box="[369,442,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE42FD60FDEA76E7" author="Borson, S." box="[456,592,641,665]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 318" refId="ref95354" refString="Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318." type="journal article" year="1825">Borson, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFDF8FD60FC9D76E7" author="Pavia, G." box="[626,807,641,665]" page="153" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDF8FD60FC9D76E7" author="Pavia, G." box="[626,807,641,665]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="145 - 158" refId="ref119071" refString="Pavia, G. (1976 b) I tipi di alcuni gasteropodi terziari di Stefano Borson. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 15, 145 - 158." type="journal article" year="1976">Pavia 1976b: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 2, figs. 2, 5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD41FCE376C6" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,857,672,696]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD41FCE376C6" box="[151,857,672,696]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD41FE6676C6" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[151,476,672,696]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD41FEDA76C6" box="[151,352,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ranella tuberculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEECFD41FE6676C6" author="Risso, A." box="[358,476,672,696]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref122462" refString="Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFE7CFD41FD0876C6" author="Arnaud, P. M." box="[502,690,672,696]" page="139" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE7CFD41FD0876C6" author="Arnaud, P. M." box="[502,690,672,696]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="101 - 150" refId="ref89481" refString="Arnaud, P. M. (1978) Revision des taxa malacologiques mediterraneens introduits par Antoine Risso. Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Nice, 5, 101 - 150, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1978">Arnaud 1978: 139</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 10, fig. 167.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD5EFB8D76A9" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1079,702,727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD5EFB8D76A9" box="[151,1079,702,727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD5EFD3B76A8" ID-CoL="449416c3-b8d7-4de8-9966-2e3542aacf7a" authority="(Linne 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,641,702,727]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculator" subGenus="Bufonariella">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD5EFF6E76A8" box="[151,212,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FD5EFED876A9" box="[226,354,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bufonariella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEFBFD5EFE4376A9" box="[369,505,703,727]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobiculator</emphasis>
(Linné 1758)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFD11FD5FFC1076A8" author="Cuerda Barcelo, J." box="[667,938,702,727]" page="265" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD11FD5FFC1076A8" author="Cuerda Barcelo, J." box="[667,938,702,727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref99763" refString="Cuerda Barcelo, J. (1987) Molluscos marinos y salobres del Pleistoceno Balear. Caja de Baleares ' Sa Nostra', Palma de Mallorca, 421 pp." type="book" year="1987">Cuerda Barceló 1987: 265</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 23, fig. 2.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD3FFCEE768B" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,852,733,757]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD3FFCEE768B" box="[151,852,733,757]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD3FFE05768B" ID-CoL="7QHB7" authority="(Borson, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,447,733,757]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD3FFE99768B" box="[151,291,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa nodosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEBBFD3CFE02768B" author="Borson, S." box="[305,440,733,757]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 318" refId="ref95354" refString="Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318." type="journal article" year="1825">Borson, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFE50FD3CFD21768B" author="Damarco, P." box="[474,667,733,757]" page="75" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE50FD3CFD21768B" author="Damarco, P." box="[474,667,733,757]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="74 - 76" refId="ref99971" refString="Damarco, P. (1993) The paleontological reserve of the Andona and Botto valleys. 2. World Shells, 4, 74 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Damarco 1993: 75</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. unnumbered.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFD1CFB9B776A" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1057,764,788]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFD1CFB9B776A" box="[151,1057,764,788]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFD1CFCB2776A" ID-CoL="7TRB6" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,776,764,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="scrobilator" subGenus="Colubrellina" subSpecies="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFD1CFF6E776A" box="[151,212,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FD1DFED9776A" box="[226,355,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colubrellina</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEF8FD1DFDE2776A" box="[370,600,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobilator scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDEFFD1DFCBB776A" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[613,769,764,788]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFCA8FD1DFC4C776A" author="Cossignani, T." box="[802,1014,764,788]" page="88" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFCA8FD1DFC4C776A" author="Cossignani, T." box="[802,1014,764,788]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref98901" refString="Cossignani, T. (1994) Bursidae of the world. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 119 pp." type="book" year="1994">Cossignani 1994: 88</bibRefCitation>
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, 89.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFCFAFBC1774D" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1147,795,819]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFCFAFBC1774D" box="[151,1147,795,819]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFCFAFD6E774D" ID-CoL="7TRB5" authority="(Reeve, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Reeve" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[151,724,795,819]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="scrobilator" subGenus="Colubrellina" subSpecies="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFCFAFF6E774C" box="[151,212,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FCFAFED9774D" box="[226,355,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colubrellina</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEF8FCFAFDFB774C" box="[370,577,795,819]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobilator coriacea</emphasis>
(Reeve, 1844)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFD64FCFAFC78774D" author="Cossignani, T." box="[750,962,795,819]" page="89" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD64FCFAFC78774D" author="Cossignani, T." box="[750,962,795,819]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref98901" refString="Cossignani, T. (1994) Bursidae of the world. L'Informatore Piceno, Ancona, 119 pp." type="book" year="1994">Cossignani 1994: 89</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. unnumbered.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFCDBFC71772F" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,971,825,849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFCDBFC71772F" box="[151,971,825,849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFCDBFDED772F" ID-CoL="7QHB7" authority="(Borson, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,599,825,849]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa" subGenus="Bufonariella">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFCDBFF6E772F" box="[151,212,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FCD8FED8772F" box="[226,354,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bufonariella</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEFBFCD8FE00772F" box="[369,442,825,849]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE42FCD8FDEA772F" author="Borson, S." box="[456,592,825,849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 318" refId="ref95354" refString="Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318." type="journal article" year="1825">Borson, 1825</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFDF8FCD8FCA4772F" author="Baluk, W." box="[626,798,825,849]" page="210" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDF8FCD8FCA4772F" author="Baluk, W." box="[626,798,825,849]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref92700" refString="Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1995">Bałuk 1995: 210</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 18, figs. 4-5.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFCB8FA9A770E" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1312,856,880]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFCB8FA9A770E" box="[151,1312,856,880]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFCB8FCB2770E" ID-CoL="7TRB6" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,776,856,880]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="scrobilator" subGenus="Colubrellina" subSpecies="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFCB8FF6E770E" box="[151,212,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF68FCB9FED9770E" box="[226,355,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Colubrellina</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEF8FCB9FDE2770E" box="[370,600,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scrobilator scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDEFFCB9FCBB770E" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[613,769,856,880]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFCA8FCB9FB38770E" author="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. &amp; Pusateri, F. &amp; Palmeri, A. &amp; Ebreo, C." box="[802,1154,856,880]" page="242" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFCA8FCB9FB38770E" author="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R. &amp; Pusateri, F. &amp; Palmeri, A. &amp; Ebreo, C." box="[802,1154,856,880]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref104630" refString="Giannuzzi-Savelli, R., Pusateri, F., Palmeri, A. &amp; Ebreo, C. (1997) Atlante delle conchiglie marine del Mediterraneo. Vol. 2. Caenogastropoda 1. Discopoda-Heteropoda. La Conchiglia, Roma, 258 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Giannuzzi-Savelli 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFC6BFCB8FBAF770E" box="[993,1045,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
1997: 242
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 903, 904.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFC96FC7A77F1" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,960,886,911]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFC96FC7A77F1" box="[151,960,886,911]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFC96FDAA77F0" ID-CoL="449416c3-b8d7-4de8-9966-2e3542aacf7a" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,528,886,911]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFC96FED877F1" box="[151,354,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobiculator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEE5FC96FDB377F0" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[367,521,886,911]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFDA0FC97FCF777F1" author="Verdejo Guirao, J. F." box="[554,845,886,911]" page="14" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDA0FC97FCF777F1" author="Verdejo Guirao, J. F." box="[554,845,886,911]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="14 - 19" refId="ref128116" refString="Verdejo Guirao, J. F. (2001) About Bursa scrobilator Linne, 1758. La Conchiglia, 298, 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="2001">Verdejo Guirao 2001: 14-18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 2-17.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFC77FB8B77D3" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1073,917,941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFC77FB8B77D3" box="[151,1073,917,941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFC77FE4077D3" ID-CoL="885KF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,506,917,941]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFC77FEF077D3" box="[151,330,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEDDFC74FE4977D3" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[343,499,917,941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFD9EFC74FCB077D3" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[532,778,917,941]" page="66" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD9EFC74FCB077D3" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[532,778,917,941]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFDE3FC77FD2677D3" box="[617,668,917,941]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2004b: 66
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5, figs. 3-5, pl. 10, fig. 1.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFC54FCE677B2" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,860,948,972]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFC54FE4077B2" ID-CoL="885KF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,506,948,972]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFC54FEF077B2" box="[151,330,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEDDFC55FE4977B2" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[343,499,948,972]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Rolán 2005: 99, pl. 28, fig. 419.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFC32FBA97795" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,1043,978,1003]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFC32FE627794" ID-CoL="885KF" authority="(Linne, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,472,978,1003]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFC32FEF07795" box="[151,330,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobilator</emphasis>
(Linné, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
—Chirli 2008: 103, pl. 37, figs. 11–16, pl. 38, figs. 1–4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFC13FC0F7077" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,949,1009,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFC13FC0F7077" box="[151,949,1009,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFC13FE407077" ID-CoL="885KF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,506,1009,1033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFC13FEF07077" box="[151,330,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEDDFC10FE497077" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[343,499,1009,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFD9EFC10FD477077" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G." box="[532,765,1009,1033]" page="75" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2009">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD9EFC10FD477077" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G." box="[532,765,1009,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="61 - 109" refId="ref111318" refString="Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109." type="journal article" year="2009">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFDE3FC13FD2F7077" box="[617,661,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 2009: 75
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 7, figs. 10-11.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFBF0FC027059" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,952,1040,1064]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFBF0FE407056" ID-CoL="885KF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,506,1040,1064]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFBF0FEF07056" box="[151,330,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEDDFBF1FE497056" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[343,499,1040,1064]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Hernández 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFD00FBF0FD047056" box="[650,702,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2011: 512, figs. 56 F-H.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFBCEFC2E7039" blockId="57.[151,1437,151,1095]" box="[151,916,1070,1095]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C2B097CFF1DFBCEFC2E7039" box="[151,916,1070,1095]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFF1DFBCEFDA87038" ID-CoL="449416c3-b8d7-4de8-9966-2e3542aacf7a" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,530,1070,1095]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobiculator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFBCEFED87039" box="[151,354,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa scrobiculator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEE5FBCEFDB17038" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[367,523,1070,1095]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C2B097CFDA6FBCFFCAE7039" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E." box="[556,788,1070,1095]" page="19" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFDA6FBCFFCAE7039" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E." box="[556,788,1070,1095]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref111893" refString="Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2011">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFD0BFBCEFD177039" box="[641,685,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 19
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 8, fig. 6.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C2B097CFF1DFB8EFDD6708B" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF1DFB8EFDD6708B" blockId="57.[151,1437,1135,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF1DFB8EFDA270F7" bold="true" box="[151,536,1135,1161]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Santa Maria material examined.</emphasis>
Maximum height 9.0 mm, width 6.0 mm. 
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C2B097CFC64FB91FC6F70D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111326" collectionCode="LNEG" county="Ponta do Norte" location="Lower Pliocene" municipality="Ponta do Castelo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="DBUA-F 829-1, DBUA-F 830" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acores">
Two specimens from 
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C2B097CFB57FB91FA9270F4" box="[1245,1320,1136,1162]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">LNEG</collectionCode>
collection (unnumbered specimen), 
<collectingCounty id="62B84E062C2B097CFE30FB75FDD270D0" box="[442,616,1171,1198]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ponta do Norte</collectingCounty>
lighthouse, 
<specimenCode id="DBC09EF12C2B097CFD7DFB75FC1070D0" box="[759,938,1172,1198]" collectionCode="DBUA-F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">DBUA-F 829-1</specimenCode>
(1)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C2B097CFC54FB75FEDC70AF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111353" collectionCode="LNEG" collectorName="Ponta dos Frades" county="Ponta do Norte" location="Lower Pliocene" municipality="Ponta do Castelo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="DBUA-F 829-1, DBUA-F 830" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acores">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDACF02C2B097CFC54FB75FB1E70D3" box="[990,1188,1171,1198]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ponta do Castelo</collectingMunicipality>
; 
<specimenCode id="DBC09EF12C2B097CFB38FB75FAF470D0" box="[1202,1358,1172,1198]" collectionCode="DBUA-F" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">DBUA-F 830</specimenCode>
-D (1), 
<collectorName id="2693535C2C2B097CFF1DFB59FED870AF" box="[151,354,1207,1234]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ponta dos Frades</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C2B097CFEF8FB59FDD2708B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111348" collectionCode="LNEG" collectorName="Ponta dos Cedros &amp; Island &amp; Touril Complex" county="Ponta do Norte" location="Lower Pliocene" municipality="Ponta do Castelo" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="DBUA-F 829-1, DBUA-F 830" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acores">
<specimenCount id="9D60FD032C2B097CFEF8FB59FDB570AF" box="[370,527,1207,1234]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
from 
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C2B097CFDD1FB59FD1C70AC" box="[603,678,1208,1234]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">LNEG</collectionCode>
collection (unnumbered), 
<collectorName id="2693535C2C2B097CFC51FB59FB1070AF" box="[987,1194,1207,1234]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ponta dos Cedros</collectorName>
, Santa Maria 
<collectorName id="2693535C2C2B097CFADBFB56FA2270AF" box="[1361,1432,1207,1233]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Island</collectorName>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C2B097CFF1DFB3DFF537088" box="[151,233,1244,1270]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Azores</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectorName id="2693535C2C2B097CFF7EFB3AFE13708B" box="[244,425,1243,1269]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Touril Complex</collectorName>
, 
<location id="8EB960512C2B097CFE3EFB3DFDD2708B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C2A097FFF1DF8F2FDF077B7:8EB960512C2B097CFE3EFB3DFDD2708B" box="[436,616,1243,1270]" county="Ponta do Norte" municipality="Ponta do Castelo" name="Lower Pliocene" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" stateProvince="Acores">Lower Pliocene</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C2B097CFF4DFB1EFD08734B" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF4DFB1EFD08734B" blockId="57.[151,1437,1135,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF4DFB1EFD987167" bold="true" box="[199,546,1279,1305]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
Description. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFEEBFB1EFE767167" bold="true" box="[353,460,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFEEDFB1EFE767167" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[359,460,1279,1305]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">coriacea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
form’:
</emphasis>
“ 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFDBDFB1EFEC9734B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Shell medium-sized, solid, fusiform, slightly dorsoventrally compressed, with an elevated, scalate spire. Protoconch dome-shaped, of 3.25 smooth convex whorls, diameter 2.0 mm, height 1.83 mm, with small nucleus, diameter 0.29 mm, suture impressed. Junction with teleoconch sharply delimited, prosocline. Teleoconch of five angular whorls separated by superficial, linear suture. Spire whorls with very broad, concave sutural ramp, delimited by rounded spiral cord forming periphery, and by narrow concave abapical potion. Axial sculpture of 11-12 almost obsolete ribs, developed only on spiral sculpture, where small, rounded nodules are formed. Entire teleoconch surface covered in fine spiral sculpture of horizontally elongate granules. Varices present on all whorls at intervals of c.190º. Last whorl approximately 70% total height, convex, slightly angled at shoulder just above mid-whorl, rounded at base. Last whorl bears four subobsolete nodular cords, adapical cord most strongly developed and most nodular; cords weaken abapically. Aperture ovate, approximately 50% total height. Outer lip convex, thickened by prominent labial varix, deticulate within, with four to five sets of denticles, each set consisting of two or, in a few specimens, three denticles. Anal canal shallow, narrow; siphonal canal short, narrow, strongly adaxially recurved. Columella concave, with narrow parietal fold, below which entire columella bears numerous irregular elongate ridges. Parietal and columellar callus thickened, weakly expanded, sharply delimited. Columellar callus slightly detached over neck. Siphonal fasciole very short, bearing eight to ten finely beaded secondary spiral cords</emphasis>
”. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFE1FF8FAFD1C734B" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[405,678,1819,1845]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFE78F8FDFD90734B" box="[498,554,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
2004b: 67
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C2B097FFF4DF8DEFB61751B" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097CFF4DF8DEFD7D73DC" blockId="57.[151,1437,1135,2026]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFF4DF8DEFEF67327" bold="true" box="[199,332,1855,1881]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Discussion.</emphasis>
In their molecular phylogeny of frog shells, Sanders 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFC23F8A1FC617327" box="[937,987,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al</emphasis>
. (2020) found the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFB72F8A1FA817327" authorityName="Roding" authorityYear="1798" box="[1272,1339,1856,1881]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFB72F8A1FA817327" box="[1272,1339,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Bursa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R̂ding, 1798 to be polyphyletic, and resurrected the monotypic genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFCDEF882FBDE7300" authority="de Folin, 1887" authorityName="de Folin" authorityYear="1887" box="[852,1124,1891,1918]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFCDEF882FC007303" box="[852,954,1891,1917]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Talisman</emphasis>
de Folin, 1887
</taxonomicName>
for the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFECBF869FD7973DC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[321,707,1927,1954]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFECBF869FDB173DF" box="[321,523,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Murex scrobilator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFD99F866FD7973DC" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[531,707,1927,1954]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C2B097FFF4DF84DFB61751B" blockId="57.[151,1437,1135,2026]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
As discussed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFEF5F84AFD2D73BB" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[383,663,1963,1989]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFE53F84DFDAA73BB" box="[473,528,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(2004b: 67)
</bibRefCitation>
two forms occur, the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFC05F84AFC5A73BB" authority="Borson, 1825" authorityName="Borson" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[911,992,1963,1989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFC05F84AFC5A73BB" box="[911,992,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C2B097CFC67F84DFB3873B8" author="Borson, S." box="[1005,1154,1963,1990]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="251 - 318" refId="ref95354" refString="Borson, S. (1825) Saggio di orittografia piemontese. Memorie della Reale Academia di Scienze di Torino, 29, 251 - 318." type="journal article" year="1825">Borson, 1825</bibRefCitation>
and the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFB6DF84DFAF373BB" authority="Reeve 1844" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[1255,1353,1964,1989]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFB6DF84DFAF373BB" box="[1255,1353,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ Reeve 1844. As suggested by the name, the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C2B097CFDC2F82EFD237397" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[584,665,1999,2025]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C2B097CFDC2F82EFD237397" box="[584,665,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">nodosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ form has larger and fewer tubercles placed at the shoulder than the typical Mediterranean form of 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFE79FF76FC1E74CF" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[499,932,150,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFE79FF76FD6674CF" box="[499,732,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Talisman scrobilator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFD61FF76FC2174CF" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[747,923,150,177]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFB85FF76FBCB74CE" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[1039,1137,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFB85FF76FBCB74CE" box="[1039,1137,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ form is relatively smooth compared to typical present-day Mediterranean form. Those authors considered these forms to represent extreme morphotypes of a single species. The specimen from the Azores is juvenile but suggests that it belongs to the ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFAF2FF3EFF657562" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFAF2FF3EFF657562" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ form which today occurs along the west coast of Africa, from 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFC2CFEE2FBB17563" box="[934,1035,259,285]" name="Morocco" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Morocco</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFBA4FEE2FB397563" box="[1070,1155,259,285]" name="Angola" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Angola</collectingCountry>
, including the Azores. In fact, those authors stressed that in the Azores the typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFC96FEC6FC2D753F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[796,919,295,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC96FEC6FC2D753F" box="[796,919,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">scrobilator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFC50FEC6FB86753E" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[986,1084,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC50FEC6FB86753E" box="[986,1084,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ forms coexist, suggesting that they do indeed represent a single species. For further discussion, see 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFC11FEAAFB3D751B" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[923,1159,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC7CFEAAFB95751B" box="[1014,1071,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
(2004 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFBF3FEAAFB3D751B" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G." box="[1145,1159,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="61 - 109" refId="ref111318" refString="Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109." type="journal article" year="2009">b</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2009).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C28097FFF4DFE8FFDF077B7" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFE8FFCA875F6" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,786,366,393]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFF4DFE8FFCA875F6" bold="true" box="[199,786,366,393]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Distribution. 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFEEDFE8FFD0475F7" bold="true" box="[359,702,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFEEDFE8FFDEF75F7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[359,597,366,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">Talisman scrobilator</taxonomicName>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFDE2FE8FFD0475F7" baseAuthorityName="Borson" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[616,702,366,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Bursa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nodosa">nodosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
form’:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFE72FB5675D3" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,1260,402,431]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Middle Miocene: Paratethys 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFD80FE72FDE575D3" box="[522,607,403,429]" name="Austria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Austria</collectingCountry>
, (Ĥrnes 1856; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFC98FE72FC5275D3" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G." box="[786,1000,403,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="61 - 109" refId="ref111318" refString="Landau, B. M., Harzhauser, M. &amp; Beu, A. G. (2009) A revision of the Tonnoidea (Caenogastropoda, Gastropoda) from the Miocene Paratethys and their palaeobiogeographic implications. Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt, 149 (1), 61 - 109." type="journal article" year="2009">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFCE7FE72FC2475D3" box="[877,926,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFC76FE72FBF075D3" box="[1020,1098,403,429]" name="Poland" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Poland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFBD2FE72FB5A75D3" author="Baluk, W." box="[1112,1248,402,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref92700" refString="Baluk, W. (1995) Middle Miocene (Badenian) gastropods from Korytnica, Poland. 2. Acta Geologica Polonica, 45, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1995">Bałuk 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFE56FBC8758B" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Upper Miocene: Proto-Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFD0AFE56FD0975AF" box="[640,691,439,465]" name="Italy" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFD49FE56FCD875AF" author="Bellardi, L." box="[707,866,439,465]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref93411" refString="Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269" type="book" year="1873">Bellardi 1873</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFCE5FE56FC4C75AF" author="Sacco, F." box="[879,1014,439,465]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref123454" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFB80FE56FBEC75AF" box="[1034,1110,439,465]" name="France" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">France</collectingCountry>
(Cossmann &amp; Peyrot 1924). Lower Pliocene: central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFDD1FE3AFD34758B" box="[603,654,475,501]" name="Italy" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFD17FE3AFC81758B" author="Bellardi, L." box="[669,827,475,501]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref93411" refString="Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269" type="book" year="1873">Bellardi 1873</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFCCDFE3AFC6F758B" author="Pavia, G." box="[839,981,475,501]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="145 - 158" refId="ref119071" refString="Pavia, G. (1976 b) I tipi di alcuni gasteropodi terziari di Stefano Borson. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 15, 145 - 158." type="journal article" year="1976">Pavia 1976b</bibRefCitation>
; Chirli 2008).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFE1EFBAA7643" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFCD8FE1EFC287667" box="[850,914,511,537]" name="Spain" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFC2BFE1EFB307667" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[929,1162,511,537]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC75FE1EFB8B7667" box="[1023,1073,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2004b
</bibRefCitation>
); central Mediterranean, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFF1DFDC2FF707643" box="[151,202,547,573]" name="Italy" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFF53FDC2FECD7643" author="Bellardi, L." box="[217,375,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref93411" refString="Bellardi, L. (1873) I molluschi dei terreni terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. 1. Cephalopoda, Pteropoda, Heteropoda, Gasteropoda (Muricidae e Tritonidae). Stamperia Reale, Torino, 261 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12269" type="book" year="1873">Bellardi 1873</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFE09FDC2FDAE7643" author="Glibert, M." box="[387,532,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref105099" refString="Glibert, M. (1963) Les Mesogastropoda fossiles du Cenozoique etranger des collections de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Deuxieme partie: Fossaridae a Ficidae (inclus). Memoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Series 2, 73, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1963">Glibert 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFDAAFDC2FD1F7643" author="Sacco, F." box="[544,677,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref123454" refString="Sacco, F. (1904) I Molluschi dei terreni terziari del Piemonte e della Liguria. 30. Aggiunte e correzioni. Considerazioni generali. Indice generale dell'opera (con 1400 figure). Carlo Clausen, Torino, xxxvi + 203 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1904">Sacco 1904</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFD3BFDC2FCF47643" author="Caprotti, E." box="[689,846,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="121 - 187" refId="ref97236" refString="Caprotti, E. (1970) Mesogastropoda della stratotipo piacenziano (Castell'Arquato, Piacenza). Natura, Atti della Societa`Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 61, 121 - 187." type="journal article" year="1970">Caprotti 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFCD0FDC2FBBE7643" author="Damarco, P." box="[858,1028,547,573]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="74 - 76" refId="ref99971" refString="Damarco, P. (1993) The paleontological reserve of the Andona and Botto valleys. 2. World Shells, 4, 74 - 76." type="journal article" year="1993">Damarco 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFDA6FF5A76FB" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Lower Pleistocene: Agaete, Gran Canaria, 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C28097FFD28FDA6FCF2761F" box="[674,840,583,609]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFCDCFDA6FBA3761F" author="Meco, J. &amp; Gillou, H. &amp; Carracedo, J. C. &amp; Lomoschitz, A. &amp; Ramos, A. J. G. &amp; Rodriguez-Yanez, J. J." box="[854,1049,583,609]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="197 - 210" refId="ref114718" refString="Meco, J., Gillou, H., Carracedo, J. C., Lomoschitz, A., Ramos, A. J. G. &amp; Rodriguez-Yanez, J. J. (2002) The maximum warmings of the Pleistocene world climate recorded in the Canary Islands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 185, 197 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (02) 00300 - 0" type="journal article" year="2002">
Meco 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC14FDA6FC6C761F" box="[926,982,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C28097FFBA1FDA6FB64761F" box="[1067,1246,583,609]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFB66FDA6FF6976FB" author="Cuerda Barcelo, J." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref99763" refString="Cuerda Barcelo, J. (1987) Molluscos marinos y salobres del Pleistoceno Balear. Caja de Baleares ' Sa Nostra', Palma de Mallorca, 421 pp." type="book" year="1987">Cuerda Barceló 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFD6FFD3B76D6" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,641,654,681]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFF4DFD6FFD3B76D6" bold="true" box="[199,641,654,681]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFF4DFD6FFD9676D7" bold="true" box="[199,556,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFF4DFD6FFE0F76D7" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,437,654,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">Talisman scrobilator</taxonomicName>
, ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFE4DFD6EFD9676D7" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[455,556,655,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">coriacea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
form’:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFD52FB0E768F" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria Island, Azores (this paper); Guadalquivir Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFB39FD52FB4976B3" box="[1203,1267,691,717]" name="Spain" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFA89FD52FF69768F" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref111893" refString="Landau, B. M., Silva, C. M. da &amp; Mayoral, E. (2011) The lower Pliocene gastropods of the Huelva Sands Formation, Guadalquivir Basin, southwestern Spain. Palaeofocus, 4, 1 - 90." type="journal article" year="2011">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFAE8FD52FA2F76B3" box="[1378,1429,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
). Upper Pliocene: western Mediterranean, Estepona Basin, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFCE6FD36FC16768F" box="[876,940,727,753]" name="Spain" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFC31FD36FB12768F" author="Landau, B. M. &amp; Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R." box="[955,1192,727,753]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="35 - 102" refId="ref110943" refString="Landau, B. M., Beu, A. &amp; Marquet, R. (2004 b) The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona, southern Spain. 5. Tonnoidea, Ficoidea. Palaeontos, 5, 35 - 102." type="journal article" year="2004">
Landau 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFB9DFD36FBF3768F" box="[1047,1097,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al</emphasis>
., 2004b
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C28097FFF4DFD1AFDF077B7" blockId="58.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
Lower Pleistocene boundary: Caribbean, Moin Formation, 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFCF9FD1AFC4A776B" authority="Rica" authorityName="Rica. Pleistocene" authorityYear="1778" box="[883,1008,763,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calyptraeidae" genus="Dyspotaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costa">Costa Rica</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFB89FD1AFB37776B" author="Gabb, W. M." box="[1027,1165,763,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="349 - 380" refId="ref104213" refString="Gabb, W. M. (1881) Descriptions of new species of fossils from the Pliocene clay beds between Limon and Moen, Costa Rica, together with notes on previously known species from there and elsewhere in the Caribbean area. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Series 2, 8, 349 - 380." type="journal article" year="1881">Gabb, 1881</bibRefCitation>
; BLP coll.; Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, many localities; Tulane University collections, now in USNM and IGNS). Present-day: Mediterranean, Straits of 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFE4BFCA2FD927723" box="[449,552,835,861]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFDBDFCA2FD2C7723" box="[567,662,835,861]" name="Portugal" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Portugal</collectingCountry>
and Canaries (Hernández 
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFC44FCA2FBB07723" box="[974,1034,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011), and northern 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFA81FCA2FACA7723" box="[1291,1392,835,861]" name="Morocco" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFA0EFCA2FEA877FF" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Gastropoda" family="Bursidae" genus="Talisman" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scrobilator">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFA0EFCA2FEA877FF" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">B. scrobilator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (“typical” form); southwards along the West African coast, Madeira, 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFB94FC86FB1A77FF" box="[1054,1184,871,897]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Cabo Verde</collectingCountry>
Islands and Selvagens Islands (Rolán, 2005) to 
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C28097FFE27FC6AFE4577DB" box="[429,511,907,933]" name="Angola" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Angola</collectingCountry>
(“ 
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C28097FFD96FC6AFDC477DA" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1844" box="[540,638,907,932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Ranella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriacea">
<emphasis id="B912EA982C28097FFD96FC6AFDC477DA" box="[540,638,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">coriacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” form); the two forms intergrade at the Azores. Lives on rocky shores, 
<quantity id="4C9E9B6F2C28097FFF1DFC4EFF4777B7" box="[151,253,943,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="10.0">10-100m</quantity>
depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C28097FFEDAFC4EFD8477B7" author="Poppe, G. T. &amp; Goto, Y." box="[336,574,943,969]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref120385" refString="Poppe, G. T. &amp; Goto, Y. (1991) European seashells. 1. Polyplacophora, Caudofoveata, Solenogastra, Gastropoda. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, 352 pp." type="book" year="1991">Poppe &amp; Goto, 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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