treatments-xml/data/03/CC/FC/03CCFC19FFA8AC3AFEC3F9C6FD47FACF.xml

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<mods:title id="46178111CCA92494598F3ED69D7D8407">Revision of the systematic status of Helminthoglypta walkeriana morroensis (Hemphill, 1911) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EABDB45E81D9AF6865FA8C22D12A5BD9">2004</mods:date>
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<heading id="D092FA63FFA8AC3FFEC3F9C6FC3EF9BF" bold="true" box="[264,990,1620,1646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F9C6FC3EF9BF" authority="Hemphill, 1911" authorityName="Hemphill" authorityYear="1911" box="[264,990,1620,1646]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis" subGenus="Charodotes">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F9C6FC3EF9BF" bold="true" box="[264,990,1620,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F9C6FCE7F9BF" bold="true" box="[264,775,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) morroensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFCDDF9C6FC37F9BF" author="Hemphill" box="[790,983,1620,1646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Hemphill, H. (1911) Descriptions of some varieties of shells, with short notes on the geographical range and means of distribution of land shells. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1 (3), 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Hemphill, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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(
<figureCitation id="135E518AFFA8AC3FFEDBF9E5FE7DF940" box="[272,413,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 12" captionStartId="18.[264,383,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,626,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[271,1315,626,1663]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 12. Shells of Helminthoglypta morroensis and H. walkeriana. Figures 5 – 8. Helminthoglypta morroensis, BR 2571, Highway 1 at Stenner Road, San Luis Obispo; top, side, and basal views of shell and detail of papillose sculpture (scored as Ppl = 3, see Methods section) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls. Shell diameter 23.1 mm. Figures 9 – 12. Helminthoglypta walkeriana, BR 2568, Elfin Forest; detail of papillose sculpture (Ppl = 1) and spiral grooves (Grv = 2) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls, top, side, and basal views of shell. Shell diameter 22.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169319/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figures 5–8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFA8AC3FFEC3F925FD2AF91C" blockId="17.[264,1322,1718,1902]" box="[264,714,1718,1742]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F925FEA2F91F" ID-CoL="7P4YB" box="[264,322,1719,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F925FEA2F91F" box="[264,322,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFE82F924FD26F91C" authority="Hemphill 1911:103" authorityName="Hemphill" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1911" box="[329,710,1718,1742]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="walkeriana" variety="morroensis">
var. 
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEBDF925FE0DF91F" box="[374,493,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">morroensis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFE3FF924FD26F91C" author="Hemphill" box="[500,710,1718,1741]" page="103" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1911">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFE3FF924FD78F91C" author="Hemphill" box="[500,664,1718,1741]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Hemphill, H. (1911) Descriptions of some varieties of shells, with short notes on the geographical range and means of distribution of land shells. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 1 (3), 99 - 108." type="journal article" year="1911">Hemphill 1911</bibRefCitation>
:103
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB756A21FFA8AC3FFEC3F945FB35F93C" box="[264,1237,1750,1774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F945FC65F93C" authority="Hemphill" authorityName="Hemphill" box="[264,901,1750,1774]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana" subGenus="Helminthoglypta">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F945FCE5F93F" box="[264,773,1751,1774]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helminthoglypta (Helminthoglypta) walkeriana</emphasis>
(Hemphill)
</taxonomicName>
, in part, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFC29F944FB79F93C" author="Pilsbry" box="[994,1177,1750,1773]" page="128" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFC29F944FB8DF93C" author="Pilsbry" box="[994,1133,1750,1773]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Pilsbry, H. A. (1939) Land Mollusca of North America (north of Mexico). Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia Monograph 3, 1 (1), i - xvii, 1 - 573, i - ix." type="journal article" year="1939">Pilsbry 1939</bibRefCitation>
:128
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–129.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB756A21FFA8AC3FFEC3F965FC86F8FC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F965FCD6F8DC" authority="Hemphill" authorityName="Hemphill" box="[264,822,1782,1806]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="walkeriana" subSpecies="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F965FD56F8DF" box="[264,694,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helminthoglypta walkeriana morroensis</emphasis>
(Hemphill)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFC8BF964FC0BF8DC" author="Wilcox" box="[832,1003,1782,1805]" page="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFC8BF964FC39F8DC" author="Wilcox" box="[832,985,1782,1805]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Wilcox, E. N. (1950 a) Conchology in my own backyard. Minutes of the Conchological Club of Southern California, no. 100, 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1950" yearSuffix="a">Wilcox 1950a</bibRefCitation>
:2
</treatmentCitation>
(as &quot; 
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFBEBF965FB41F8DF" box="[1056,1185,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">morrosensis</emphasis>
&quot;). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFB16F964FE40F8FC" author="Wilcox" page="23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFB16F964FE60F8FC" author="Wilcox" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Wilcox, E. N. (1950 b) Conchology in my own backyard. American Malacological Union News Bulletin and Annual Report, 1950 [16], 23." type="journal article" year="1950" yearSuffix="b">Wilcox 1950b</bibRefCitation>
:23
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFE0EF884FD86F8FC" author="Smith" box="[453,614,1814,1837]" page="41" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1970">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFE0EF884FDA6F8FC" author="Smith" box="[453,582,1814,1837]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Smith, A. G. (1970) American Malacological Union Symposium: Rare and endangered mollusks. 6. Western land snails. Malacologia, 10, 39 - 46." type="journal article" year="1970">Smith 1970</bibRefCitation>
:41
</treatmentCitation>
. — 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFD40F884FCCAF8FC" author="Roth" box="[651,810,1814,1837]" page="149" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFD40F884FD1DF8FC" author="Roth" box="[651,765,1814,1837]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Roth, B. (1973) The systematic position of Helminthoglypta traskii fieldi Pilsbry, 1930 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 72 (3), 148 - 155." type="journal article" year="1973">Roth 1973</bibRefCitation>
:149
</treatmentCitation>
–153.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFA8AC3FFEC3F8A5FAC0F89C" blockId="17.[264,1322,1718,1902]" box="[264,1312,1846,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB756A21FFA8AC3FFEC3F8A5FAC0F89C" box="[264,1312,1846,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F8A5FBE3F89C" authority="Hemphill" authorityName="Hemphill" box="[264,1027,1846,1870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="walkeriana" subGenus="Helminthoglypta" subSpecies="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F8A5FC64F89F" box="[264,900,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helminthoglypta (Helminthoglypta) walkeriana morroensis</emphasis>
(Hemphill)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFBC6F8A4FAFDF89C" author="Coan" box="[1037,1309,1846,1869]" page="331" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFBC6F8A4FB0EF89C" author="Coan" box="[1037,1262,1846,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Coan, E. V. &amp; Roth, B. (1987) The malacological taxa of Henry Hemphill. The Veliger, 29 (3), 322 - 339." type="journal article" year="1987">Coan and Roth 1987</bibRefCitation>
:331
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB756A21FFA8AC3FFEC3F8C5FAF2F8BC" box="[264,1298,1878,1902]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFA8AC3FFEC3F8C5FC2BF8BC" authority="Hemphill" authorityName="Hemphill" box="[264,971,1878,1902]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="walkeriana" subGenus="Charodotes" subSpecies="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFA8AC3FFEC3F8C5FCABF8BF" box="[264,843,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) walkeriana morroensis</emphasis>
(Hemphill)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<treatmentCitation id="0AC46B1EFFA8AC3FFC1DF8C4FAEEF8BC" author="Roth" box="[982,1294,1878,1901]" page="25" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFA8AC3FFC1DF8C4FB0EF8BC" author="Roth" box="[982,1262,1878,1901]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" refString="Roth, B. &amp; Sadeghian, P. S. (2003) Checklist of the land snails and slugs of California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Contributions in Science, 3, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="2003">Roth and Sadeghian 2003</bibRefCitation>
:25
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFEC3FE89FE54FEE4" bold="true" box="[264,436,283,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="54DEF3ADFFABAC3CFEC3FE89FEA3FEE4" box="[264,323,283,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
: 
<typeStatus id="54DEF3ADFFABAC3CFE07FE8EFDD7FEE7" box="[460,567,284,310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED74D5CAFFABAC3CFDF4FE8EFD98FEE7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[575,632,284,310]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">CAS</collectionCode>
0 58820 (11), 
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33934 (6), 
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20179 (4), 
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174683 (2), 
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17684 (2) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFABAC3CFDBDFED6FC4BFE8F" author="Roth" box="[630,939,324,350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="23" refString="Roth, B. &amp; Sadeghian, P. S. (2003) Checklist of the land snails and slugs of California. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Contributions in Science, 3, 1 - 81." type="journal article" year="2003">Roth and Sadeghian 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F1E84FFABAC3CFEF3FEF9FC4CFDF7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFABAC3CFEF3FEF9FC4CFDF7" blockId="18.[264,1323,283,550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFEF3FEF9FE50FE54" bold="true" box="[312,432,363,389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFE04FEFEFDB6FE54" box="[463,598,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Charodotes</emphasis>
with moderately large, depressed­helicoid shell, papillation strong, in roughly collabral trend; most papillae longer in axial dimension than spiral; incised spiral grooves weak or absent; penis cylindrical, of about same diameter as epiphallus, not markedly thin­walled, with 7–10 anastomosing, crenulated pilasters, grading into inner chamber of epiphallus without interruption.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A1D87FFABAC3CFEC3F915FE8EF8BF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169319/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[271,1315,626,1660]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFABAC3CFEC3F915FE8EF8BF" blockId="18.[264,1323,1671,1902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFEC3F915FE23F94E" bold="true" box="[264,451,1671,1695]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURES 5–12.</emphasis>
Shells of 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFABAC3CFDF7F915FC8FF94F" box="[572,879,1671,1694]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFDF7F915FC8FF94F" box="[572,879,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Helminthoglypta morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFABAC3CFC6DF915FBA1F94F" box="[934,1089,1671,1694]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFC6DF915FBA1F94F" box="[934,1089,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">H. walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Figures 5–8. 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFABAC3CFB23F915FDE2F910" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFB23F915FDE2F910" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Helminthoglypta morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, BR 2571, Highway 1 at Stenner Road, San Luis Obispo; top, side, and basal views of shell and detail of papillose sculpture (scored as Ppl = 3, see Methods section) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls. Shell diameter 23.1 mm. Figures 9–12. 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFABAC3CFBBCF97DFE60F8F8" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFABAC3CFBBCF97DFE60F8F8" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Helminthoglypta walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, BR 2568, Elfin Forest; detail of papillose sculpture (Ppl = 1) and spiral grooves (Grv = 2) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls, top, side, and basal views of shell. Shell diameter 22.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F1E84FFAAAC3AFEF3FE89FD47FACF" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFAAAC3DFEF3FE89FB77FCEF" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFEF3FE89FE32FEE4" bold="true" box="[312,466,283,309]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description:</emphasis>
Adult shell height 
<quantity id="4C9DE0EAFFAAAC3DFD08FE8EFC92FEE7" box="[707,882,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="1.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="13.95" valueMax="17.4" valueMin="10.5">10.5–17.4 mm</quantity>
, diameter 
<quantity id="4C9DE0EAFFAAAC3DFC24FE8EFB7EFEE7" box="[1007,1182,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.53" metricValueMin="1.5699999999999998" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="20.5" valueMax="25.3" valueMin="15.7">15.7–25.3 mm</quantity>
; height 62– 73% of diameter. Shell solid, depressed­helicoid, with 4.8–6.0 whorls; coiling tightness (number of whorls divided by natural logarithm of shell diameter) 1.7–1.9. Spire lowdomed; suture moderately to strongly impressed, whorls somewhat flattened. Periphery broadly rounded. Embryonic whorls 1.5–1.6. Post­embryonic sculpture of convex­forward collabral rugae, and strong papillation over entire surface including base of body whorl and umbilicus. Papillae aligning with a roughly collabral trend; most longer in axial dimension than spiral. Incised spiral grooves usually absent or only weakly evident on shoulder of body whorl; rarely clearly evident or strong. Body whorl inflated, last one third­ to one quarter­turn gently descending. Base tumid; umbilicus contained 11.5–12.2 times in diameter, 20–100% covered by inner lip. Aperture broadly ear­shaped; lip narrowly turned outward, not strongly thickened. Shell pinkish tan under a medium to dark brown periostracum when fresh, weathering to tan, then white; aperture interior of fresh shells purplish; lip purplish tan to white. Luster matte to silky, glossy on base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFAAAC3DFEF3FCDEFE56FB87" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Skin of animal blackish in life; in alcohol gray, grading to cream color on body stalk; lighter mid­dorsal row of tubercles present or absent. Sole of foot pale grayish tan or cream­colored, sometimes darker and grayer along margins. External genital pore a prominent vertical slit with white border. Mantle collar pale cream­colored, grading to light purplish gray at edge, with three prominent lappets. Mantle over lung clear buff, with about 40–60% of surface covered by network of black pigment, densest mid­dorsally, sparse in umbilical area.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFAAAC3DFEF3FBF6FC27FACF" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mucous membrane envelope enclosing much of lower genitalia. Dart sac spherical. Common duct of mucus bulbs robust. Atrium short; atrial sac massive, roughly conical. Vagina short, less than half length of free oviduct. Spermathecal duct diverticulum long, capacious, almost twice diameter of spermathecal duct, with longitudinal pilasters and ridges internally. Spermatheca spherical or teardrop­shaped.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFAAAC3DFEF3FABEFD14F957" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1870]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Epiphallic caecum very long and slender, convoluted in lower portion. Penial retractor muscle strap­like, inserting variably on medial crook in epiphallus. Epiphallus cylindrical for most of its length; lower, double­walled section is about 40 percent of total length; internal tube of double­walled section mostly cylindrical, slightly expanded near middle, with 5–10 longitudinal, anastomosing, crenulated pilasters internally. Penis about 
<quantity id="4C9DE0EAFFAAAC3DFB2AFA5EFAC8FA37" box="[1249,1320,1484,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
long, cylindrical, of about same diameter as epiphallus, broadening slightly above insertion on atrium. Walls of penial sac not markedly thin, internally bearing 7–10 longitudinal, anastomosing, crenulated pilasters, grading into inner chamber of lower, double­walled section of epiphallus without interruption.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFAAAC3AFEF3F906FE5AFD4F" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1870]" lastBlockId="20.[264,1324,284,1310]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFEF3F906FE3EF97F" bold="true" box="[312,478,1684,1710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Comparisons</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFAAAC3DFE30F906FCADF97C" box="[507,845,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFE30F906FCADF97C" box="[507,845,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Helminthoglypta morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFAAAC3DFC3AF906FB7CF97C" box="[1009,1180,1684,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFC3AF906FB7CF97C" box="[1009,1180,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135E518AFFAAAC3DFB65F906FEC6F907" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 12" captionStartId="18.[264,383,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,626,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[271,1315,626,1663]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 12. Shells of Helminthoglypta morroensis and H. walkeriana. Figures 5 – 8. Helminthoglypta morroensis, BR 2571, Highway 1 at Stenner Road, San Luis Obispo; top, side, and basal views of shell and detail of papillose sculpture (scored as Ppl = 3, see Methods section) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls. Shell diameter 23.1 mm. Figures 9 – 12. Helminthoglypta walkeriana, BR 2568, Elfin Forest; detail of papillose sculpture (Ppl = 1) and spiral grooves (Grv = 2) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls, top, side, and basal views of shell. Shell diameter 22.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169319/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figures 9­ 12</figureCitation>
) as documented in the main body of results of this study. In terms of characters most useful for ready identification, 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFAAAC3DFD49F976FCCEF92C" box="[642,814,1764,1789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFD49F976FCCEF92C" box="[642,814,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more globose, usually more tightly coiling shell (coiling tightness 1.8–2.1) with more whorls at maturity. The adult shell height of 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFAAAC3DFE4AF8A6FDCDF89C" box="[385,557,1844,1869]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFAAAC3DFE4AF8A6FDCDF89C" box="[385,557,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">H. walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 73–87% of the diameter. The umbilicus is contained 12­18 times in the shell diameter. The post­embryonic sculpture consists of irregular collabral rugae, most of them cut into elongated granules by spiral grooves, especially on the shoul­ der of the penult and body whorl (
<figureCitation id="135E518AFFADAC3AFD5CFEFEFD1EFE57" box="[663,766,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 12" captionStartId="18.[264,383,1671,1695]" captionTargetBox="[271,1315,626,1660]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[271,1315,626,1663]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 12. Shells of Helminthoglypta morroensis and H. walkeriana. Figures 5 – 8. Helminthoglypta morroensis, BR 2571, Highway 1 at Stenner Road, San Luis Obispo; top, side, and basal views of shell and detail of papillose sculpture (scored as Ppl = 3, see Methods section) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls. Shell diameter 23.1 mm. Figures 9 – 12. Helminthoglypta walkeriana, BR 2568, Elfin Forest; detail of papillose sculpture (Ppl = 1) and spiral grooves (Grv = 2) on shoulder of penultimate and body whorls, top, side, and basal views of shell. Shell diameter 22.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169319/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figure 9</figureCitation>
). Papillation ranges from absent to clearly evident, but is most commonly absent or visible only with close inspection. Even in fully adult shells, the outer lip is often very narrowly turned outward. 
<collectingCountry id="F3720D9FFFADAC3AFBC3FE2EFBC9FE07" box="[1032,1065,444,470]" name="American Samoa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">As</collectingCountry>
noted above, the skin of 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFEE3FE76FE30FE2C" box="[296,464,484,509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="walkeriana">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFEE3FE76FE30FE2C" box="[296,464,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. walkeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is lighter colored, the mantle over the lung is less extensively covered by dark pigment, and the penis is slender, hourglass­shaped, with simple, smooth pilasters rather than the crenulated, anastomosing pilasters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFCBAFDA6FBF7FD9C" box="[881,1047,564,589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFCBAFDA6FBF7FD9C" box="[881,1047,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFBEEFDA6FEBAFDA4" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFBEEFDA6FEBAFDA4" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Helminthoglypta morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks any tongue­like protuberance or other structure at the junction of penial sac and epiphallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFADAC3AFEF3FD3EFBBCFCEF" blockId="20.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFEF3FD3EFD07FD14" box="[312,743,684,709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fieldi" subGenus="Charodotes">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFEF3FD3EFD07FD14" box="[312,743,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) fieldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs farther south in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Counties, from Pismo Beach to Surf, mainly along the coast (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFADAC3AFB3AFD46FEA6FCC7" author="Roth" pageId="20" pageNumber="22" refString="Roth, B. (1973) The systematic position of Helminthoglypta traskii fieldi Pilsbry, 1930 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 72 (3), 148 - 155." type="journal article" year="1973">Roth 1973</bibRefCitation>
), differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFE3FFD6EFD7DFCC4" box="[500,669,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFE3FFD6EFD7DFCC4" box="[500,669,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a broadly conic spire and papillae generally absent from body whorl except behind the outer lip and in the umbilicus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFADAC3AFEF3FCDEFD43FBAF" blockId="20.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFEF3FCDEFC2BFCB7" authority="Willett, 1932" authorityName="Willett" authorityYear="1932" box="[312,971,844,870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="reediana" subGenus="Charodotes">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFEF3FCDEFCFAFCB4" box="[312,794,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Helminthoglypta (Charodotes) reediana</emphasis>
Willett, 1932
</taxonomicName>
, which in San Luis Obispo County occurs from Lowe and Ranchito canyons in the northern part of the county to Chalk Mountain, near Atascadero, differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFCF0FC0EFC02FC64" box="[827,994,924,949]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFCF0FC0EFC02FC64" box="[827,994,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a complex sculpture of incised spiral grooves, low, smooth collabral rugae, and dense, irregularly shaped papillae over entire surface. The papillae are spirally elongated, in spiral trends on the spire, more irregular in shape and spacing on the penult and body whorl. Black spots cover about 60% of the surface of the mantle over the lung. The atrial sac bears a distinctive glandular collar below the dart sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDA4D0FFFADAC3AFEF3FB1EFD47FACF" blockId="20.[264,1324,284,1310]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFEF3FB1EFDEFFB77" bold="true" box="[312,527,1164,1190]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vernacular name</emphasis>
: For purposes of the American Fisheries Society list of the common names of mollusks (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF430FEFFADAC3AFE36FB26FD0EFB1F" author="Turgeon" box="[509,750,1204,1230]" pageId="20" pageNumber="23" refString="Turgeon, D. D., Quinn, J. F. Jr., Bogan, A. E., Coan, E. V., Hochberg, F. G. Jr., Lyons, W. G., Mikkelsen, P. M., Neves, R. J., Roper, C. F. E., Rosenberg, G., Roth, B., Scheltema, A., Thompson, F. G., Vecchione, M., &amp; Williams, J. D. (1998) Common and Scientific Names of Aquatic Invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2 nd edition. American Fisheries Society Special Publication, 26, i - x, 1 - 526." type="journal article" year="1998">Turgeon et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
) and other administrative uses, we propose the name &quot;Chorro shoulderband&quot; for 
<taxonomicName id="4C65368CFFADAC3AFD5FFB4EFCDCFB24" box="[660,828,1244,1269]" class="Gastropoda" family="Helminthoglyptidae" genus="Helminthoglypta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="morroensis">
<emphasis id="B911911DFFADAC3AFD5FFB4EFCDCFB24" box="[660,828,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H. morroensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with reference to Chorro Valley, a major component of its geographic range.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>