175 lines
19 KiB
XML
175 lines
19 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="184D08AFCC0D839548B4EF361EC0DDD4">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416215594734BDDF3037FC29FEFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273892" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212450107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416215594734BDDF3037FC29FEFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416215594734BDDF3037FC29FEFE" lastPageId="259" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BDDF3037FE18F9FE" box="[151,469,1611,1638]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BDDF3037FE18F9FE" blockId="257.[151,469,1611,1638]" box="[151,469,1611,1638]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BDDF3037FE18F9FE" bold="true" box="[151,469,1611,1638]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715594736BDA63037FE18F9FE" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" box="[238,469,1611,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BDA63037FEB7F9FD" bold="true" box="[238,378,1611,1638]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Singhikalia</emphasis>
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Kapur
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A15594736BDDF30ECFB00F933" box="[151,1229,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BDDF30ECFE0AF933" box="[151,455,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BDDF30ECFE0AF933" blockId="257.[151,1229,1680,1704]" box="[151,455,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515594736BDDF30ECFE0EF933" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[151,451,1680,1704]" page="16" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" year="1963">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715594736BDDF30ECFE0EF933" authority="Kapur, 1963 a: 16" authorityName="Kapur" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,451,1680,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BDDF30ECFEC7F933" box="[151,266,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Singhikalia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515594736BC5930ECFE0EF933" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[273,451,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref115380" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1963 a) The Coccinellidae of the third Mount Everest expedition, 1924 (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 14, 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8780" type="journal article" year="1963">Kapur, 1963a: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BC8530ECFB00F933" box="[461,1229,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BC8530ECFB00F933" blockId="257.[151,1229,1680,1704]" box="[461,1229,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<typeStatus id="54D54ED615594736BC8530ECFE32F933" box="[461,511,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66515594736BF1430ECFC1CF933" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[604,977,1680,1704]" page="17" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" year="1963">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715594736BF1430ECFC1CF933" authority="Kapur, 1963 a: 17" authorityName="Kapur" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1963" box="[604,977,1680,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BF1430ECFCD7F93C" box="[604,794,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Singhikalia ornata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8515594736BE5730ECFC1CF933" author="Kapur, A. P." box="[799,977,1680,1704]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref115380" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1963 a) The Coccinellidae of the third Mount Everest expedition, 1924 (Coleoptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 14, 1 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8780" type="journal article" year="1963">Kapur, 1963a: 17</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BDDF30AAFBC7F853" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BDDF30AAFBC7F853" blockId="257.[151,1437,1750,2028]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BDDF30AAFEDFF96B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1750,1776]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Form broad oval, dorsum convex and densely pubescent. General appearance with red and black coloration and dorsal pubescence suggestive of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF715594736BFF43086FC8CF88F" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[700,833,1786,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epilachnini">Epilachnini</taxonomicName>
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. Lateral antennal insertions much closer to the eyes. Mandibles apically bifid. Labial terminal palpomere about as broad as penultimate one. Mesoventrite anteriorly strongly emarginate medially. Elytral lateral margins without marginal bead. Middle and hind tibia without apical spurs. Hind margin of ventrite
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<quantity id="4C965D9115594736BCBD311AFDECF81B" box="[501,545,1894,1921]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
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female sinuate and produced medially backwards. Tarsal claws appendiculate. Male genitalia with penis having more than one sclerite that are distinctly separated by a membrane. Infundibulum in the form of at least lightly sclerotized piece of bursa at origin of sperm duct.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF15594736BD8F31AEFDABF877" box="[199,614,2002,2028]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07415594736BD8F31AEFDABF877" blockId="257.[151,1437,1750,2028]" box="[199,614,2002,2028]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C6615594736BD8F31AEFEACF877" bold="true" box="[199,353,2002,2028]" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415594736BC2F31AEFE6EF877" box="[359,419,2002,2028]" name="India" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415594736BCE731AEFE38F877" box="[431,501,2002,2028]" name="China" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E415594736BF4831AEFDAEF877" box="[512,611,2002,2028]" name="Pakistan" pageId="257" pageNumber="258">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF11A0FC155A4735BDDF3173FB52F8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262155" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8262155" box="[151,1183,1807,1832]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262155/files/figure.png" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" startId="258.[151,250,1807,1831]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1783]" targetPageId="258" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074155A4735BDDF3173FB52F8BC" blockId="258.[151,1183,1807,1832]" box="[151,1183,1807,1832]" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155A4735BDDF3173FEE0F8BC" bold="true" box="[151,301,1807,1831]" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">FIGURE 185.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155A4735BC7B3173FD52F8BC" authority="(Mulsant)" baseAuthorityName="Mulsant" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[307,671,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Psyllobora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisoctonotata">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155A4735BC7B3173FDFFF8BC" box="[307,562,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">Psyllobora bisoctonotata</emphasis>
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(Mulsant)
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</taxonomicName>
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, life stages: a. eggs; b. larva; c, d. pupa; e–j. adult.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF155A4734BD8F3105FA55FE86" lastPageId="259" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074155A4734BD8F3105FA55FE86" blockId="258.[151,1437,1913,2012]" lastBlockId="259.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="259" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155A4735BD8F3105FEF0F808" bold="true" box="[199,317,1913,1939]" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">Affinities.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155A4735BC0D3106FE08F80F" box="[325,453,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155A4735BC0D3106FE08F80F" box="[325,453,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="258" pageNumber="259">Singhikalia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is most unusual in
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155A4735BFEF3106FCFDF80F" box="[679,816,1914,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
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because it is the only genus of the Indian region with distinct dorsal pubescence and outwardly resembles members of the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155A4735BE8531E2FB9FF823" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[973,1106,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epilachnini">Epilachnini</taxonomicName>
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. It probably mimics members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155A4735BDFF31BEFEF5F847" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[183,312,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="258" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Epilachnini">Epilachnini</taxonomicName>
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because “both are often found in the same series in museum collections, suggesting that they may co-occur in the same area and host plants” (Escalona
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BFB436EBFCE2FF2A" box="[764,815,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
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. 2017). Only
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734BE9836EBFAF4FF2A" authority="Bielawski, 1963 b" authorityName="Bielawski" authorityYear="1963" box="[976,1337,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Subepilachna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BE9836EBFBA5FF2A" box="[976,1128,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Subepilachna</emphasis>
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Bielawski, 1963b
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4155B4734BC5336C7FE3AFF4E" box="[283,503,187,213]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, is comparable to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734BF8D36C7FC88FF4E" box="[709,837,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BF8D36C7FC88FF4E" box="[709,837,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Singhikalia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734BE8636C7FB9AFF4E" box="[974,1111,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
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in having dorsal pubescence and it was synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734BC9336A3FD96FF62" box="[475,603,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BC9336A3FD96FF62" box="[475,603,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Singhikalia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by Jadwiszczak (1990). However,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D85155B4734BE92369CFB04FF62" author="Slipinski, A. & Li, J. & Pang, H." box="[986,1225,223,251]" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. & Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
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Ślipiński
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734B90B36A3FBBFFF62" box="[1091,1138,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020)
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</bibRefCitation>
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recognized both as valid genera on the basis of “pronounced differences in the male and female terminalia and external morphology”.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF155B4734BD8F375BFC29FEFE" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" type="taxon_list">
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<paragraph id="8BD1F074155B4734BD8F375BFC29FEFE" blockId="259.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">
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<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BD8F375BFE59FEDB" bold="true" box="[199,404,294,321]" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Included species.</emphasis>
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||
Two species are known from the Indian subcontinent-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734B944375BFAFFFEDA" authority="Kapur" authorityName="Kapur" box="[1036,1330,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734B944375BFB2CFEDB" box="[1036,1249,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Singhikalia ornata</emphasis>
|
||
Kapur
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D54ED6155B4734B824375BFA51FEDA" box="[1388,1436,295,321]" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF7155B4734BC6D3737FDF6FEFE" authority="Xiao" authorityName="Xiao (BMNH" authorityYear="1992" box="[293,571,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Singhikalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="259" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="duodecimguttata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91A2C66155B4734BC6D3737FE30FEFE" box="[293,509,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">S. duodecimguttata</emphasis>
|
||
Xiao
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(newly recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E4155B4734BE753737FC51FEFE" box="[829,924,331,357]" name="Pakistan" pageId="259" pageNumber="260">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
here).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |