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<mods:title id="4C485DD8B4EB1C16800043772DD87FE3">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBDDF353EFD66FCC7" blockId="250.[151,683,834,897]" box="[151,683,834,861]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<heading id="D099471814A246CDBDDF353EFD66FCC7" bold="true" box="[151,683,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A246CDBDDF353EFD66FCC7" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,683,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBDDF353EFD66FCC7" bold="true" box="[151,683,834,861]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBDDF353EFDD1FCC6" bold="true" box="[151,540,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Propylea quatuordecimpunctata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBDDF351BFECAFC1A" box="[151,263,871,897]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBDDF351BFECAFC1A" blockId="250.[151,683,834,897]" box="[151,263,871,897]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
(
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A246CDBDD7351BFF32FC1A" box="[159,255,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 180" captionStartId="251.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,182,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@251.[211,1376,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="251" captionText="FIGURE 180. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus): a. adult, dorsal view; b. variant, dorsal view (BMNH); c. abdomen, male; dg. male genitalia: d. tegmen, lateral view; e. tegmen, ventral view; f. penis; g. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262139/files/figure.png" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Fig. 180</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBDDF35D7FEF2FB9A" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBDDF35D7FCAEFC58" blockId="250.[151,1436,939,1025]" box="[151,867,939,963]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A246CDBDDF35D7FCAEFC58" box="[151,867,939,963]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A246CDBDDF35D7FDA7FC58" ID-CoL="9G22G" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 366" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="366" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,618,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBDDF35D7FEF0FC58" box="[151,317,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Coccinella 14—</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A246CDBC7535D7FDA7FC58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3912400" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3912400" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA2DF23C-32B6-42C4-A9BA-C36B8687225F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[317,618,939,963]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2CC45B5E42B50E0AAB29825B72C6BBC5" page="366" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" year="1758">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBC7535D7FE59FC58" box="[317,404,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">punctata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBCD235D7FDA7FC58" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[410,618,939,963]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref116876" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 10 th Edition. L. Salvius, Stockholm, 826 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758: 366</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614A246CDBF3F35D7FD66FC58" box="[631,683,939,963]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Type</typeStatus>
locality: Europe).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBDDF35B6FEF2FB9A" blockId="250.[151,1436,939,1025]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7ED75A14A246CDBDDF35B6FEF2FB9A" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A246CDBDDF35B6FD65FC79" author="Mulsant, E." box="[151,680,970,994]" page="152" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" year="1846">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A246CDBDDF35B6FD65FC79" authority=": Mulsant 1846: 152" authorityName=": Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,680,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBDDF35B6FE11FC79" box="[151,476,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Propylea quatuordecimpunctata</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBCA035B6FD65FC79" author="Mulsant, E." box="[488,680,970,994]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref117813" refString="Mulsant, E. (1846) Securipalpes. Vol. 4. Histoire Naturelle des Coleopteres de France, Paris, 380 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1846">Mulsant 1846: 152</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
; Mader 1933: 253262;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A246CDBED335B6FB89FC79" author="Sasaji, H." box="[923,1092,970,994]" page="264" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBED335B6FB89FC79" author="Sasaji, H." box="[923,1092,970,994]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref121158" refString="Sasaji, H. (1971) Fauna Japonica. Coccinellidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Academic Press of Japan, Tokyo, 340 pp." type="book" year="1971">Sasaji 1971: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A246CDB90435B6FA89FC79" author="Sasaji, H. &amp; Yahara, R. &amp; Saito, M." box="[1100,1348,970,994]" page="13" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDB90435B6FA89FC79" author="Sasaji, H. &amp; Yahara, R. &amp; Saito, M." box="[1100,1348,970,994]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="13 - 34" refId="ref121445" refString="Sasaji, H., Yahara, R. &amp; Saito, M. (1975) Reproductive isolation and species specificity in two ladybirds of the genus Propylea (Coleoptera). Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Fukui University, Series II (Natural Sciences), 25, 13 - 34." type="journal article" year="1975">
Sasaji
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDB9C635B7FB72FC79" box="[1166,1215,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">et al.</emphasis>
1975: 1334
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFD66514A246CDB80535B6FEF6FB9A" author="Poorani, J." page="341" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDB80535B6FEF6FB9A" author="Poorani, J." pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref118931" refString="Poorani, J. (2002 a) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002a: 341</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBDDF3252FDFBFB42" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBDDF3252FDFBFB42" blockId="250.[151,1437,1070,1637]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBDDF3252FEDFFBD3" bold="true" box="[151,274,1070,1096]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Length: 3.00 mm; width:
<quantity id="4C965D9114A246CDBF653252FD5FFBD2" box="[557,658,1070,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.50 mm</quantity>
. Form elongate oval, dorsum moderately convex and glabrous. Ground colour pale creamy yellow, pronotum with 57 black maculae, often interconnected and forming a larger macula; elytra with the characteristic checkerboard or anchor-shaped pattern (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A246CDBEE6320BFBF1FB0A" box="[942,1084,1143,1169]" captionStart="FIGURE 180" captionStartId="251.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,182,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@251.[211,1376,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="251" captionText="FIGURE 180. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus): a. adult, dorsal view; b. variant, dorsal view (BMNH); c. abdomen, male; dg. male genitalia: d. tegmen, lateral view; e. tegmen, ventral view; f. penis; g. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262139/files/figure.png" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Fig. 180a, b</figureCitation>
). Ventral side largely blackish, abdominal ventrites medially black and laterally yellowish. Abdominal postcoxal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A246CDB91732E7FB07FB2E" box="[1119,1226,1179,1205]" captionStart="FIGURE 180" captionStartId="251.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,182,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@251.[211,1376,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="251" captionText="FIGURE 180. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus): a. adult, dorsal view; b. variant, dorsal view (BMNH); c. abdomen, male; dg. male genitalia: d. tegmen, lateral view; e. tegmen, ventral view; f. penis; g. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262139/files/figure.png" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Fig. 180c</figureCitation>
) incomplete. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114A246CDBC4F32C3FE5CFB42" box="[263,401,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 180" captionStartId="251.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,182,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-15@251.[211,1376,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="251" captionText="FIGURE 180. Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus): a. adult, dorsal view; b. variant, dorsal view (BMNH); c. abdomen, male; dg. male genitalia: d. tegmen, lateral view; e. tegmen, ventral view; f. penis; g. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8262139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8262139/files/figure.png" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Fig. 180dg</figureCitation>
) as illustrated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBD8F329EFB9AFABA" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBD8F329EFB9AFABA" blockId="250.[151,1437,1070,1637]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBD8F329EFEACFB67" bold="true" box="[199,353,1250,1276]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBC21329FFE6AFB66" box="[361,423,1251,1277]" name="India" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">India</collectingCountry>
: Appears to be confined to the colder parts of northwestern Indian Himalayas (Jammu &amp; Kashmir;
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A246CDBC4E337BFE5BFABA" box="[262,406,1287,1313]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBCE1337BFDC1FABA" box="[425,524,1287,1313]" name="Pakistan" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBF5F337BFD50FABA" box="[535,669,1287,1313]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBFE0337BFD26FABA" box="[680,747,1287,1313]" name="Japan" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Japan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBFBF337BFCF0FABA" box="[759,829,1287,1313]" name="China" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">China</collectingCountry>
; Europe; North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBD8F3356FE15FA4E" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBD8F3356FEFEFA16" blockId="250.[151,1437,1070,1637]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBD8F3356FE29FADF" bold="true" box="[199,484,1322,1348]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Prey/associated habitat.</emphasis>
Collected on peach and willow in Jammu &amp; Kashmir (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDB9053357FB27FADE" author="Kundoo, A. A." box="[1101,1258,1323,1349]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref116519" refString="Kundoo, A. A. (2019) Taxonomic studies on Coccinellidae in agro-ecosystems of Kashmir and Ladakh. Ph. D. Thesis, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &amp; Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, 87 + xvii pp." type="book" year="2019">Kundoo 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and on custard apple in
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBDB43333FE96FAF2" box="[252,347,1359,1385]" name="Pakistan" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBC243333FDF7FAF2" author="Hayat, A. &amp; Khan, M. R. &amp; Naz, F." box="[364,570,1359,1385]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="12 - 66" refId="ref113416" refString="Hayat, A., Khan, M. R. &amp; Naz, F. (2017) Subfamilies Coccinellinae and Coccidullinae (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) with New Records from AJK, Pakistan. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 7 (4), 12 - 66." type="journal article" year="2017">
Hayat
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBCF13333FE20FAF2" box="[441,493,1359,1385]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Associated with powdery mildew infesting mulberry in Kashmir (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDB8773333FEEBFA16" author="Khan, M. A. &amp; Nighat" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="8 - 10" refId="ref115896" refString="Khan, M. A. &amp; Nighat (1991) Insect pest complex of mulberry (Morus spp.) in Kashmir. Journal of Tree Sciences, 10 (1), 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1991">Khan &amp; Nighat 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBD8F33EAFE15FA4E" blockId="250.[151,1437,1070,1637]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBD8F33EAFE0EFA2A" bold="true" box="[199,451,1430,1457]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
Found during JuneJuly in Jammu &amp; Kashmir (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBEB933EBFB5EFA2A" author="Kundoo, A. A." box="[1009,1171,1431,1457]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref116519" refString="Kundoo, A. A. (2019) Taxonomic studies on Coccinellidae in agro-ecosystems of Kashmir and Ladakh. Ph. D. Thesis, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences &amp; Technology of Kashmir, Sopore, 87 + xvii pp." type="book" year="2019">Kundoo 2019</bibRefCitation>
); AugustSeptember in
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDBDDF33C7FF3BFA4E" box="[151,246,1467,1493]" name="Pakistan" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBC4D33C7FE01FA4E" author="Hayat, A. &amp; Khan, M. R. &amp; Naz, F." box="[261,460,1467,1493]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" pagination="12 - 66" refId="ref113416" refString="Hayat, A., Khan, M. R. &amp; Naz, F. (2017) Subfamilies Coccinellinae and Coccidullinae (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) with New Records from AJK, Pakistan. Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences, 7 (4), 12 - 66." type="journal article" year="2017">
Hayat
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBC1833C7FE4CFA4E" box="[336,385,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14A246CDBD8F33A3FEEEF9FE" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414A246CDBD8F33A3FEEEF9FE" blockId="250.[151,1437,1070,1637]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBD8F33A3FEDCFA62" bold="true" box="[199,273,1503,1529]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A246CDBC5033A3FD4CFA62" authorityName=": Mulsant" authorityYear="1846" box="[280,641,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quatuordecimpunctata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBC5033A3FD4CFA62" box="[280,641,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Propylea quatuordecimpunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar in general appearance to
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714A246CDB90E33A3FB09FA63" baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1094,1220,1503,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Propylea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDB90E33A3FB09FA63" box="[1094,1220,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its distribution in the Indian mainland appears to be restricted to the coldest parts of northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F379B0E414A246CDB939307FFB66F986" box="[1137,1195,1539,1565]" name="India" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">India</collectingCountry>
(Jammu &amp; Kashmir and
<collectingRegion id="49AA3E9614A246CDBD83305BFE9AF9DA" box="[203,343,1575,1601]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
) and it is seldom collected in large numbers. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDBEE6305BFBB5F9DA" author="Ren, S. X. &amp; Wang, X. M. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T." box="[942,1144,1575,1601]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref120760" refString="Ren, S. X., Wang, X. M., Pang, H., Peng, Z. Q. &amp; Zeng, T. (2009) Colored pictorial handbook of ladybird beetles in China. Science Press, Beijing, 336 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2009">
Ren
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614A246CDBEAE305BFBD1F9DA" box="[998,1052,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="250" pageNumber="251">et al</emphasis>
. (2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514A246CDB9FE305BFAE1F9DA" author="Yu, G." box="[1206,1324,1575,1601]" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" refId="ref124811" refString="Yu, G. (2010) Chinese Lady Beetles (The Subfamily Coccinellinae). China Scientific Press, Beijing, 180 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2010">Yu (2010)</bibRefCitation>
for more illustrations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>