treatments-xml/data/03/BB/87/03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="801b0a36-49de-4823-8d53-05f52b1f0cc9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7746357" checkinTime="1679055307018" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jiang, Wei, Zhou, Tingting, Wang, Hongzhu, Erséus, Christer &amp; Cui, Yongde" docDate="2023" docId="03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhyacodrilus tanggulaensis Jiang &amp; Zhou &amp; Wang &amp; Erséus &amp; Cui 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="131" masterDocId="FF82FFB9FFE24518FFABFFCD6C6DFFDC" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy of a new species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) from Tibet Plateau rivers, with a preliminary assessment of its phylogenetic position" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1679070889842" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Integrative taxonomy of a new species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) from Tibet Plateau rivers, with a preliminary assessment of its phylogenetic position</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China &amp; jiangwei 312123 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2867 - 908</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Zhou, Tingting</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China &amp; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China &amp; ttzhou 319 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7429 - 6751</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Hongzhu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China &amp; wanghz @ ihb. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7386 - 7022</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9251-4046</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden christer. erseus @ bioenv. gu. se; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9251 - 4046</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">christer.erseus@bioenv.gu.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Cui, Yongde</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,757,1290,1317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName authority="Jiang &amp; Cui" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Zhou &amp; Wang &amp; Erséus &amp; Cui" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,650,1290,1317]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tanggulaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,488,1290,1317]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Rhyacodrilus tanggulaensis</emphasis>
Jiang &amp; Cui
</taxonomicName>
, 
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<materialsCitation box="[151,1249,1357,1384]" collectionCode="IHB" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="TTH20170720" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1357,1383]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<typeStatus box="[151,262,1357,1383]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[274,322,1358,1384]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">IHB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[329,499,1357,1383]" collectionCode="TTH" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">TTH20170720</specimenCode>
a, mature specimen, stained and whole-mounted in 
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balsam.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1357,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,357,1391,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-07-20" country="China" county="Tingting Zhou" elevation="4077" latitude="34.1084" location="Tongtian River" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="95.7199" municipality="Yongde Cui" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Qinghai">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFEC0FABD6E7FFA56" box="[363,530,1392,1418]" country="China" county="Tingting Zhou" latitude="34.1084" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="95.7199" municipality="Yongde Cui" name="Tongtian River" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Qinghai">Tongtian River</location>
(
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, 
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), 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFC85FABD6FC6FA56" box="[814,939,1392,1418]" country="China" county="Tingting Zhou" latitude="34.1084" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="95.7199" municipality="Yongde Cui" name="Yushu City" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Qinghai">Yushu City</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[950,1148,1392,1418]" country="China" name="Qinghai" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Qinghai province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[1158,1229,1392,1418]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">China</collectingCountry>
. 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFB7DFABD692CFA56" box="[1238,1345,1392,1418]" country="China" county="Tingting Zhou" latitude="34.1084" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="95.7199" municipality="Yongde Cui" name="Elevation" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" stateProvince="Qinghai">Elevation</location>
<quantity box="[1352,1436,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.077" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="4077.0">
<elevation box="[1352,1436,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.077" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="4077.0">4077 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l, water temperature 15.3 °C, pH 8.3, dissolved oxygen 
<quantity box="[805,885,1426,1452]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="mg" value="7.1">7.1 mg</quantity>
. 
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, conductivity 801 μS/cm. Collected by 
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and 
<collectingCounty box="[246,407,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Tingting Zhou</collectingCounty>
on 
<date box="[449,598,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" value="2017-07-20">
<collectingDate box="[449,598,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" value="2017-07-20">20 July 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-09-09" collectionCode="IHB" country="Canada" county="Wei Jiang" elevation="4586" latitude="31.6574" location="Nagqu river" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="92.0219" municipality="Tingting Zhou" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="XZ20200903" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,326,1496,1522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<typeStatus box="[199,321,1496,1522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode box="[335,383,1496,1522]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">IHB</collectionCode>
<specimenCode box="[393,545,1496,1522]" collectionCode="IHB" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35160" name="Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">XZ20200903</specimenCode>
b, 1 mature specimen whole-mounted in 
<collectingCountry box="[1013,1097,1496,1522]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Canada</collectingCountry>
balsam, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFB19FA156956FA2E" box="[1202,1339,1496,1522]" country="Canada" county="Wei Jiang" latitude="31.6574" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="92.0219" municipality="Tingting Zhou" name="Nagqu river" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Nagqu river</location>
in 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFAC9FA1569F1FA2E" box="[1378,1436,1496,1522]" country="Canada" county="Wei Jiang" latitude="31.6574" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="92.0219" municipality="Tingting Zhou" name="Tibet" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Tibet</location>
(
<geoCoordinate box="[159,283,1530,1557]" degrees="31.6574" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" precision="5" value="31.6574">31.6574 N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[295,415,1530,1556]" degrees="92.0219" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" precision="5" value="92.0219">92.0219 E</geoCoordinate>
). 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFE18FA376E73F9C8" box="[435,542,1530,1556]" country="Canada" county="Wei Jiang" latitude="31.6574" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="92.0219" municipality="Tingting Zhou" name="Elevation" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Elevation</location>
<elevation box="[551,698,1530,1557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.586" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="4586.0">
<quantity box="[551,637,1530,1557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.586" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="4586.0">4586 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, water temperature 12.3 °C, pH 8.7, dissolved oxygen 
<quantity box="[1322,1404,1530,1556]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="mg" value="6.1">6.1 mg</quantity>
. 
<superScript attach="left" box="[1408,1429,1530,1556]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">l-1</superScript>
, and conductivity 485 μS/cm. Collected by 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87C1FFE7451EFF3CFAC768CCFC31:8ECD600CFFE7451DFDDEF9D06E90F9EB" box="[629,765,1565,1591]" country="Canada" county="Wei Jiang" latitude="31.6574" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="92.0219" municipality="Tingting Zhou" name="Yongde Cui" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Yongde Cui</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[776,938,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Tingting Zhou</collectingMunicipality>
and 
<collectingCounty box="[992,1102,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Wei Jiang</collectingCounty>
on 
<date box="[1144,1366,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" value="2020-09-09">
<collectingDate box="[1144,1366,1565,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" value="2020-09-09">09 September 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1357,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,387,1599,1625]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Other material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[396,535,1600,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
from the Nagqu River for scanning electron microscopy. The species was also observed, but not studied in detail, in Za’gya Zangbo River.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="130" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1357,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1669,1695]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jiang &amp; Zhou &amp; Wang &amp; Erséus &amp; Cui" authorityYear="2023" box="[425,581,1669,1695]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tanggulaensis">
<emphasis box="[425,581,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">tanggulaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after the Tanggula Mountains. The rivers where the specimens were collected are all related to the Tanggula Mountains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1357,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,341,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Description.</emphasis>
Length about 
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, width at genital segments X–XI about 
<quantity box="[1087,1227,1738,1765]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.6 mm</quantity>
. Segments 35–45. Prostomium round. Coelomocytes large, abundant, granulated, diameter 8–16μm. Clitellum extending over 1/2X–XI.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1357,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">
Dorsal and ventral bundles with 4–5 bifid chaetae, 75–90 μm long, 2–3 μm wide, distal tooth 2–3 times longer than proximal (
<figureCitation box="[322,422,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,1375,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-466@1.[151,1437,1373,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae. B. Spermathecal chaeta. C. Ventral view of male genitalia in segments X–XI. pch, penial chaetae; ad, atrial duct; at, atrium; pr, prostate gland; vd, vas deferens; spa, spermathecal ampulla; spp, spermathecal pore; sch, spermathecal chaeta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746361/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[433,502,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). B. Dorsal chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). C. Penial chaetae, distal tips focused. D. Modified chaeta in X. E. Spermatheca. F. Distal end of atrium. G. Atrial duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Hair chaetae absent. Modified spermathecal chaetae in segment X (
<figureCitation box="[1276,1373,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,1375,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-466@1.[151,1437,1373,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae. B. Spermathecal chaeta. C. Ventral view of male genitalia in segments X–XI. pch, penial chaetae; ad, atrial duct; at, atrium; pr, prostate gland; vd, vas deferens; spa, spermathecal ampulla; spp, spermathecal pore; sch, spermathecal chaeta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746361/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[1386,1423,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). B. Dorsal chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). C. Penial chaetae, distal tips focused. D. Modified chaeta in X. E. Spermatheca. F. Distal end of atrium. G. Atrial duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">2D</figureCitation>
), 1–2 per bundle, 75–100 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, bifid with very long, sharply-pointed distal tooth and rounded proximal end. The same kind of chaetae present in IX and XII. Penial chaetae in XI, 4 per bundle, 75–100 μm long, 4–5 μm wide, single-pointed with slightly curved tips (
<figureCitation box="[781,872,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@2.[246,1342,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). B. Dorsal chaetae in anteclitellar region (SEM). C. Penial chaetae, distal tips focused. D. Modified chaeta in X. E. Spermatheca. F. Distal end of atrium. G. Atrial duct." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="130">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Male pores paired, close to the mid-ventral line of the body, immediately anterior to penial chaetae in XI. Spermathecal pores paired, in line with ventral chaetae, immediately anterior to spermathecal chaetae in X.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
Male genitalia paired in X–XI (
<figureCitation box="[561,650,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[158,1431,1375,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-466@1.[151,1437,1373,1919]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Rhyacodrilus tangulaensis n. sp. A. Ventral chaetae. B. Spermathecal chaeta. C. Ventral view of male genitalia in segments X–XI. pch, penial chaetae; ad, atrial duct; at, atrium; pr, prostate gland; vd, vas deferens; spa, spermathecal ampulla; spp, spermathecal pore; sch, spermathecal chaeta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746361/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Sperm funnel cup-shaped. Vas deferens 
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long, 13–15 μm wide, joining the atrial ampulla subapically. Atrium elongated, 
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long, 70–82 μm wide, roughly tubular, covered by a continuous thick layer of prostatic cells. Atrial duct 300–400 μm long, 25–30 μm wide, with a tortuous lumen. Spermathecae 250–300 μm long, 100–110 μm wide, with short ducts; large masses of randomly arranged sperm in lumina.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,499,330,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Known only from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in rivers&gt; 
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above sea level. Some rivers are at the foot of snow mountain (
<figureCitation box="[602,671,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,2016,2040]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1029,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-399@6.[151,1436,1029,1993]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Za’gya Zangbo river near Tangulashan mountains." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746365/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The sampling area is surrounded by natural plateau grassland. The collection site is a shallow permanent stream with gravel and cobbles sediment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,473,438,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Remarks. Genus level.</emphasis>
Morphologically, the new species belongs to the genus 
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<emphasis box="[1130,1279,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the presence of spermathecal and penial chaetae, the rich occurrence of coelomocytes, the vas deferens being longer than the atrium and joining it subapically, and the continuous coverage of the atrium with a layer of prostate cells (Brinkhurst &amp; Jamison 1971).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,359,582,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Species level.</emphasis>
In 
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<emphasis box="[405,554,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Rhyacodrilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are currently 11 species which possess both spermathecal and penial chaetae; they are listed in 
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez, P. &amp; Fend, S. V." box="[439,721,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref8822" refString="Rodriguez, P. &amp; Fend, S. V. (2013) New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879). Zootaxa, 3664 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Rodríguez &amp; Fend (2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<tableCitation box="[731,812,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,459,485]" captionTargetBox="[165,2016,572,1690]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. List of specimens and taxa (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae) included in the molecular analyses, with their collection site, collector, specimen ID and GenBank acces- sion numbers. I: Ingroup. O: Outgroup. *: No DNA sequences available. Nai: Naidinae. Lim: Limnodriloidinae. Opi, Opistocystinae. Pha: Phallodrilinae. Pri: Pristininae. Rhy: Rhyacodrilinae. Tui: Tubificinae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D665FFFE1451BFF3CFE066D97FDF1" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" tableUuid="DF6D665FFFE1451BFF3CFE066D97FDF1">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Among them, three species are devoid of hair chaetae, 
<taxonomicName authority="Kosel, 1980" authorityName="Kosel" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,443,655,681]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carsticus">
<emphasis box="[151,288,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. carsticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Kosel, V." box="[300,443,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="609 - 612" refId="ref7968" refString="Kosel, V. (1980) Rhyacodrilus carsticus sp. n. (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) from the Slovakian Karst. Biologia 35, 609 - 612." type="journal article" year="1980">Košel, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Giani &amp; Rodriguez, 1988" authorityName="Giani &amp; Rodriguez" authorityYear="1988" box="[459,936,655,681]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gernikensis">
<emphasis box="[459,623,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. gernikensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Giani, N. &amp; Rodriguez, P." box="[634,936,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="122 - 137" refId="ref7612" refString="Giani, N. &amp; Rodriguez, P. (1988) Description de quelques especes nouvelles de Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) de grottes et de sources karstiques de la peninsule iberique. Stygologia, 4, 122 - 137." type="journal article" year="1988">Giani &amp; Rodriguez, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName authority="Lafont &amp; Juget, 1993" authorityName="Lafont &amp; Juget" authorityYear="1993" box="[1004,1403,655,681]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ardierae">
<emphasis box="[1004,1134,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. ardierae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Lafont, M. &amp; Juget, J." box="[1147,1403,655,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="115 - 123" refId="ref8168" refString="Lafont, M. &amp; Juget, J. (1993) Rhyacodrilus ardierae n. sp., a new species of Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) from the River Ardieres (France, tributary of the River Saone). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 118, 115 - 123." type="journal article" year="1993">Lafont &amp; Juget, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. A comparison of these species with 
<taxonomicName authority="Jiang &amp; Zhou &amp; Wang &amp; Erséus &amp; Cui, 2023" authorityName="Jiang &amp; Zhou &amp; Wang &amp; Erséus &amp; Cui" authorityYear="2023" box="[524,835,691,717]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tanggulaensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[524,835,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Rhyacodrilus tanggulaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[841,927,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is given in 
<tableCitation box="[1053,1137,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,747,773]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Rhyacodrilus spp., comparison of species without hair chaetae and with both spermathecal and penial chaetae." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D665FFFE5451FFF3CFD2669C7FCD9" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" tableUuid="DF6D665FFFE5451FFF3CFD2669C7FCD9">Table 3</tableCitation>
. Some obvious differences are as follows: 
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<emphasis box="[321,452,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. carsticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lafont &amp; Juget" authorityYear="1993" box="[506,632,727,753]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ardierae">
<emphasis box="[506,632,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. ardierae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have globular to oval atria (elongate-tubular in the new species), and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Giani &amp; Rodriguez" authorityYear="1988" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gernikensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. gernikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has unmodified genital chaetae and a pear-shaped atrium (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Giani, N. &amp; Rodriguez, P." box="[993,1277,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="122 - 137" refId="ref7612" refString="Giani, N. &amp; Rodriguez, P. (1988) Description de quelques especes nouvelles de Tubificidae (Oligochaeta) de grottes et de sources karstiques de la peninsule iberique. Stygologia, 4, 122 - 137." type="journal article" year="1988">Giani &amp; Rodríguez 1988</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez, P. &amp; Fend, S. V." pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref8822" refString="Rodriguez, P. &amp; Fend, S. V. (2013) New species of Rhyacodrilus (Annelida: Clitellata: Rhyacodrilinae) of North America, with re-description of R. sodalis (Eisen, 1879). Zootaxa, 3664 (1), 1 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3664.1.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Rodríguez &amp; Fend 2013</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Achurra, A. &amp; Rodriguez, P." box="[283,595,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref6844" refString="Achurra, A. &amp; Rodriguez, P. (2016) Syntopy in subterranean fauna: trophic specialisation in two new species of Rhyacodrilus Bretscher, 1901 (Annelida, Clitellata, Rhyacodrilinae). Zoologischer Anzeiger - A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 261, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jcz. 2016.02.001" type="journal article" year="2016">Achurra &amp; Rodríguez 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,520,834,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[529,810,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lafont &amp; Juget" authorityYear="1993" box="[529,661,835,861]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ardierae">R. ardierae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kosel" authorityYear="1980" box="[675,810,835,860]" class="Clitellata" family="Naididae" genus="Rhyacodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplotaxida" pageId="6" pageNumber="131" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carsticus">R. carsticus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
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<emphasis box="[870,1032,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="131">R. gernikensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only known from groundwater habitats at a few sites in western to central Europe (
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). The new species described here is only distributed in rivers above 
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elevation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this area the river sediments are mainly composed of clean sand and gravel. It is worth noting that the highest distribution is 
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above sea level, a locality near Tanggula Mountain, the source of Za’gya Zangbo, Tibet's largest inland river.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>