treatments-xml/data/03/BB/87/03BB87AAFFAE5C52FF6EFE8EFEC312CD.xml

<document id="96B4F3ED91FA0D9B25B130F9B1FEC4CF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.178908" ID-GBIF-Dataset="423eb4f5-ae31-43ab-b82c-c7547f63121a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="178908" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459928454499" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Benine, Ricardo C. &amp; Lopes, Guilherme A. M." docDate="2007" docId="03BB87AAFFAE5C52FF6EFE8EFEC312CD" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01610p059.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1610" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hemigrammus taphorni Benine &amp; Lopes, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FF82FFD2FFAF5C57FFF9FFB9FFE01436" masterDocTitle="A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from Río Caura, Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698229707209" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7A39CDA9CE5277F4CDD1329A72CA5460">A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from Río Caura, Venezuela</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D48FB911529930C7876846DA3EC2FC40">Benine, Ricardo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB7BBE8EB2AB423961DBECE56971FA47">Lopes, Guilherme A. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E1217D3BF007C27A3A3C2C0B542563FA">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BB87AAFFAE5C52FF6EFE8EFEC312CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678517" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119374549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678517" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87AAFFAE5C52FF6EFE8EFEC312CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87AAFFAE5C52FF6EFE8EFEC312CD" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFE9D1542" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFDC71567" blockId="1.[151,551,311,372]" box="[151,551,311,337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<heading id="D0E581D0FFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFDC71567" bold="true" box="[151,551,311,337]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFDC71567" bold="true" box="[151,551,311,337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFE5B1567" ID-CoL="3KP2D" box="[151,443,311,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF6EFE8EFE5B1567" bold="true" box="[151,443,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557D5FFAE5C56FE30FE8EFDC71567" box="[457,551,311,337]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF6EFEE3FE9D1542" blockId="1.[151,551,311,372]" box="[151,381,346,372]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
(
<figureCitation id="13292A39FFAE5C56FF66FEE3FEF01542" box="[159,272,346,372]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[151,255,1411,1435]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,255,1928,1952]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1431,751,1384]" captionTargetBox-1="[379,1248,1112,1881]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[155,1431,751,1384]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[281,1307,1070,1932]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Hemigrammus taphorni, holotype, 31.1 mm SL, MCNG 55841, Venezuela, Bolivar, rio Caura." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Hemigrammus taphorni, Paratype, MCNG 55843, 40.2 mm SL, premaxillary, maxillary and dentary. Left side in lateral view (maxillary and dentary) and frontal view (premaxillary). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/178909/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/178910/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6900307FFAE5C56FEE5FEE3FE911542" box="[284,369,346,372]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1290,208,1383]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Hemigrammus taphorni sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAE5C56FF6EFE13FBB61622" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF6EFE13FBD515DA" blockId="1.[151,1437,426,692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF6EFE13FEF015F2" bold="true" box="[151,272,426,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAE5C56FF6EFE13FEEB15F2" box="[151,267,426,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAE5C56FED9FE13FE9815F2" box="[288,376,426,452]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">MCNG</collectionCode>
55841, 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FE20FE13FDA315F2" box="[473,579,426,452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="31.1">31.1 mm</quantity>
SL, Río Caura, Cano Mayor, around Salto Para, 6 31’67” N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAE5C56FAE4FE13FF5415DA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-64.809166">64º 48’33” W</geoCoordinate>
. State of Bolivar, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAE5C56FE7CFE6BFDE115DA" box="[389,513,466,492]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAE5C56FDF5FE6BFD1315DA" box="[524,755,466,492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="1982-09-28">28 September 1982</date>
. S.Reid and D. C. Taphorn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF3FFE43FBB61622" blockId="1.[151,1437,426,692]" box="[198,1110,506,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF3FFE43FEAB1622" bold="true" box="[198,331,506,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAE5C56FF3FFE43FEA61622" box="[198,326,506,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAE5C56FEABFE43FE4A1622" box="[338,426,506,532]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">MCNG</collectionCode>
55842, 8, 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FDDEFE43FD391622" box="[551,729,506,532]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.42" metricValueMin="2.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="34.2" valueMin="23.8">23.8 –34.2 mm</quantity>
SL, collected with the 
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAE5C56FC11FE43FBB21622" box="[1000,1106,506,532]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAE5C56FF6EFD9BFEA71682" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF6EFD9BFEA71682" blockId="1.[151,1437,426,692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
MCNG 55843, 22, 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FE87FD9BFDDB160A" box="[382,571,546,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="4.22" metricValueMin="2.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="33.0" valueMax="42.2" valueMin="23.8">23.8 – 42.2 mm</quantity>
SL, 2 C&amp;S, 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FD21FD9BFC63160A" box="[728,899,546,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.075" metricValueMax="4.13" metricValueMin="4.02" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="40.75" valueMax="41.3" valueMin="40.2">40.2–41.3 mm</quantity>
SL, affluent of Río Caura NE (CVG-Tecmin Grp 1-heliport) (
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FEA7FDF3FE4D1652" box="[350,429,586,612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
NE from heliport), 6 38’0” N, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAE5C56FCC9FDF3FC2F1652" box="[816,975,586,612]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" precision="15" value="-64.62334">64º 37’24”W</geoCoordinate>
. State of Bolivar, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAE5C56FB55FDF3FAC81652" box="[1196,1320,586,612]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. 0 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAE5C56FABCFDF3FF3416BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" value="1989-04-04">4 April 1989</date>
, L. Nico, L. Delgado, B. Stergios and 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAE5C56FD51FDCBFD5D16BA" box="[680,701,626,652]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Y</collectingCountry>
. Estrega. MZUSP 94720, 3, 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAE5C56FBE0FDCBFB2616BA" box="[1049,1222,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.17" metricValueMax="3.29" metricValueMin="3.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="31.7" valueMax="32.9" valueMin="30.5">30.5–32.9 mm</quantity>
SL, same data of MCNG 55843.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6D6634FFAE5C56FF6EFA3AFAF211AC" box="[151,1298,1411,1435]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178909/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[155,1431,751,1384]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF6EFA3AFAF211AC" blockId="1.[151,1298,1411,1435]" box="[151,1298,1411,1435]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF6EFA3AFEF911AD" bold="true" box="[151,281,1411,1435]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAE5C56FED9FA3AFDFF11AC" box="[288,543,1411,1434]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FED9FA3AFDFF11AC" box="[288,543,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, 31.1 mm SL, MCNG 55841, Venezuela, Bolivar, rio Caura.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAE5C56FF3FFA77FADF1286" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF3FFA77FADF1286" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF3FFA77FEA611DE" bold="true" box="[198,326,1486,1512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The combination of the following features distinguishes the new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAE5C56FB51FA77FAD011D1" box="[1192,1328,1486,1511]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FB51FA77FAD011D1" box="[1192,1328,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from all congeners: presence of an elongate dorsal fin (more evident in adult males) with an anterior dark area; concentration of dark pigments on the distal portion of the second through fourth branched anal-fin rays (resulting in a dark dash in this area); presence of a single humeral spot and caudal spot reaching the tip of the middle caudal-fin rays; premaxillary teeth of the outer row bearing only three cusps; three scale rows below the lateral-line. A detailed comparison to congeners that are more similar is provided in the Remarks below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAE5C54FF3FF907FF1117B4" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAE5C56FF3FF907FCC913C6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1486,2032]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FF3FF907FEBF12EE" bold="true" box="[198,351,1726,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAE5C56FD78F907FC7C12E1" box="[641,924,1726,1751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAE5C56FD78F907FC7C12E1" box="[641,924,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is summarized in 
<tableCitation id="C6900307FFAE5C56FB85F907FB3612EE" box="[1148,1238,1726,1752]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1290,208,1383]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Hemigrammus taphorni sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Body fusiform. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head straight or slightly concave. Dorsal profile of body convex, from posterior tip of supraoccipital spine to dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex and posteroventrally slanted along dorsal-fin base, slightly convex from posterior terminus of dorsal-fin base to end of adipose-fin origin, and concave along caudal peduncle. Ventral body profile convex from tip of lower jaw to caudal-peduncle origin, slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Prepelvic region transversally flattened, more so proximal to pelvic-fin insertion. Postpelvic region transversally flattened proximal to pelvic-fin insertion, becoming somewhat obtuse toward anal-fin origin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" ID-Table-UUID="DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" box="[151,869,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6D6634FFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[159,1290,208,1383]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFC851499" blockId="2.[151,869,151,175]" box="[151,869,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAD5C55FF6EFF2EFEE21499" bold="true" box="[151,258,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAD5C55FDF3FF21FCE91499" box="[522,777,152,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAD5C55FDF3FF21FCE91499" box="[522,777,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25557D5FFAD5C55FCE9FF2EFC851499" box="[784,869,151,175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C55FD46FF69FB1C1151" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<table id="F912C41CFFADA3A8FF66FF69FAEA1151" box="[159,1290,208,1383]" gridcols="5" gridrows="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FF69FAEA14D1" box="[159,1290,208,231]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FF69FCC214D1" box="[703,802,208,231]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Holotype</th>
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FF69FC6614D1" box="[875,902,208,231]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">N</th>
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFF69FBA214D1" box="[983,1090,208,231]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Paratypes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FF43FAEA1527" box="[159,1290,250,273]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFF43FBA21527" box="[983,1090,250,273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Limits</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FF43FAEA1527" box="[1228,1290,250,273]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Mean</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FE9CFAEA150A" box="[159,1290,293,316]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FE9CFDCA150A" box="[159,554,293,316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FE9CFCC2150A" box="[703,802,293,316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">31.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FE9CFC66150A" box="[875,902,293,316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFE9CFBA2150A" box="[983,1090,293,316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">22.8–42.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FE9CFAEA150A" box="[1228,1290,293,316]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">29.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FEE9FAEA1551" box="[159,1290,336,359]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FEE9FDCA1551" box="[159,554,336,359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Percentage of standard length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FEC3FAEA15A7" box="[159,1290,378,401]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FEC3FDCA15A7" box="[159,554,378,401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Greatest depth</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FEC3FCC215A7" box="[703,802,378,401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">38.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FEC3FC6615A7" box="[875,902,378,401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFEC3FBA215A7" box="[983,1090,378,401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">32.7–42.2</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FEC3FAEA15A7" box="[1228,1290,378,401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">37.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FE1CFAEA158A" box="[159,1290,421,444]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FE1CFDCA158A" box="[159,554,421,444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FE1CFCC2158A" box="[703,802,421,444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">51.6</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FE1CFC66158A" box="[875,902,421,444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFE1CFBA2158A" box="[983,1090,421,444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">50.6–54.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FE1CFAEA158A" box="[1228,1290,421,444]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">53.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FE69FAEA15D1" box="[159,1290,464,487]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FE69FDCA15D1" box="[159,554,464,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FE69FCC215D1" box="[703,802,464,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">28.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FE69FC6615D1" box="[875,902,464,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFE69FBA215D1" box="[983,1090,464,487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">28.7–31.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FE69FAEA15D1" box="[1228,1290,464,487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">29.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FE43FAEA1627" box="[159,1290,506,529]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FE43FDCA1627" box="[159,554,506,529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FE43FCC21627" box="[703,802,506,529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">50.2</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FE43FC661627" box="[875,902,506,529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFE43FBA21627" box="[983,1090,506,529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">49.3–53.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FE43FAEA1627" box="[1228,1290,506,529]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">51.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FD9CFAEA160A" box="[159,1290,549,572]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FD9CFDCA160A" box="[159,554,549,572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FD9CFCC2160A" box="[703,802,549,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">65.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FD9CFC66160A" box="[875,902,549,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFD9CFBA2160A" box="[983,1090,549,572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">64.3–68.5</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FD9CFAEA160A" box="[1228,1290,549,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">66.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FDE9FAEA1651" box="[159,1290,592,615]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FDE9FDCA1651" box="[159,554,592,615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FDE9FCC21651" box="[703,802,592,615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">11.4</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FDE9FC661651" box="[875,902,592,615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFDE9FBA21651" box="[983,1090,592,615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">9.1–12.5</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FDE9FAEA1651" box="[1228,1290,592,615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">10.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FDC3FAEA16A7" box="[159,1290,634,657]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FDC3FDCA16A7" box="[159,554,634,657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FDC3FCC216A7" box="[703,802,634,657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">5.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FDC3FC6616A7" box="[875,902,634,657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFDC3FBA216A7" box="[983,1090,634,657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">3.7–6.6</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FDC3FAEA16A7" box="[1228,1290,634,657]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">4.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FD1CFAEA168A" box="[159,1290,677,700]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FD1CFDCA168A" box="[159,554,677,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Pectoral fin length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FD1CFCC2168A" box="[703,802,677,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">24.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FD1CFC66168A" box="[875,902,677,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">35</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFD1CFBA2168A" box="[983,1090,677,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">21.9–27.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FD1CFAEA168A" box="[1228,1290,677,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">24.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FD69FAEA16D1" box="[159,1290,720,743]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FD69FDCA16D1" box="[159,554,720,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Pelvic fin length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FD69FCC216D1" box="[703,802,720,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">18.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FD69FC6616D1" box="[875,902,720,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFD69FBA216D1" box="[983,1090,720,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">15.8–20.5</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FD69FAEA16D1" box="[1228,1290,720,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">18.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FD43FAEA1727" box="[159,1290,762,785]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FD43FDCA1727" box="[159,554,762,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Dorsal fin length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FD43FC661727" box="[875,902,762,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FC9CFAEA170A" box="[159,1290,805,828]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FC9CFDCA170A" box="[159,554,805,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Males</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FC9CFCC2170A" box="[703,802,805,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">44.8</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FC9CFC66170A" box="[875,902,805,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">20</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFC9CFBA2170A" box="[983,1090,805,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36.2–46.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FC9CFAEA170A" box="[1228,1290,805,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">41.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FCE9FAEA1751" box="[159,1290,848,871]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FCE9FDCA1751" box="[159,554,848,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Females/immature</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FCE9FC661751" box="[875,902,848,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">10</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFCE9FBA21751" box="[983,1090,848,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">28.1–35.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FCE9FAEA1751" box="[1228,1290,848,871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">32.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FCC3FAEA17A7" box="[159,1290,890,913]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FCC3FDCA17A7" box="[159,554,890,913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Dorsal fin base</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FCC3FCC217A7" box="[703,802,890,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">15.0</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FCC3FC6617A7" box="[875,902,890,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFCC3FBA217A7" box="[983,1090,890,913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">13.4–18.0</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FCC3FAEA17A7" box="[1228,1290,890,913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">15.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FC1CFAEA178A" box="[159,1290,933,956]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FC1CFDCA178A" box="[159,554,933,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Anal fin length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FC1CFCC2178A" box="[703,802,933,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">17.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FC1CFC66178A" box="[875,902,933,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">27</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFC1CFBA2178A" box="[983,1090,933,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">16.1–24.5</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FC1CFAEA178A" box="[1228,1290,933,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">19.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FC69FAEA17D1" box="[159,1290,976,999]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FC69FDCA17D1" box="[159,554,976,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Anal fin base</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FC69FCC217D1" box="[703,802,976,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">32.4</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FC69FC6617D1" box="[875,902,976,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFC69FBA217D1" box="[983,1090,976,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">29.4–34.5</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FC69FAEA17D1" box="[1228,1290,976,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">32.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FC43FAEA1027" box="[159,1290,1018,1041]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FC43FDCA1027" box="[159,554,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Eye to dorsal fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FC43FCC21027" box="[703,802,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">34.7</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FC43FC661027" box="[875,902,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFC43FBA21027" box="[983,1090,1018,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">34.6–37.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FC43FAEA1027" box="[1228,1290,1018,1041]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FB9CFAEA100A" box="[159,1290,1061,1084]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FB9CFDCA100A" box="[159,554,1061,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Dorsal fin origin to caudal fin origin</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FB9CFCC2100A" box="[703,802,1061,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">54.8</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FB9CFC66100A" box="[875,902,1061,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFB9CFBA2100A" box="[983,1090,1061,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">50.8–61.4</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FB9CFAEA100A" box="[1228,1290,1061,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">56.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FBE9FAEA1051" box="[159,1290,1104,1127]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FBE9FDCA1051" box="[159,554,1104,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Head length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FBE9FCC21051" box="[703,802,1104,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">21.7</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FBE9FC661051" box="[875,902,1104,1127]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFBE9FBA21051" box="[983,1090,1104,1127]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">20.6–24.8</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FBE9FAEA1051" box="[1228,1290,1104,1127]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">23.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FBC3FAEA10A7" box="[159,1290,1146,1169]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FBC3FDCA10A7" box="[159,554,1146,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Head depth</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FBC3FCC210A7" box="[703,802,1146,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">20.0</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FBC3FC6610A7" box="[875,902,1146,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFBC3FBA210A7" box="[983,1090,1146,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">18.3–23.0</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FBC3FAEA10A7" box="[1228,1290,1146,1169]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">20.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FB1CFAEA108A" box="[159,1290,1189,1212]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FB1CFDCA108A" box="[159,554,1189,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Percentage of head length</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FB69FAEA10D1" box="[159,1290,1232,1255]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FB69FDCA10D1" box="[159,554,1232,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Snout length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FB69FCC210D1" box="[703,802,1232,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">29.9</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FB69FC6610D1" box="[875,902,1232,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFB69FBA210D1" box="[983,1090,1232,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">27.8–37.7</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FB69FAEA10D1" box="[1228,1290,1232,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">30.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FB43FAEA1127" box="[159,1290,1274,1297]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FB43FDCA1127" box="[159,554,1274,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Upper jaw length</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FB43FCC21127" box="[703,802,1274,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">63.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FB43FC661127" box="[875,902,1274,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFB43FBA21127" box="[983,1090,1274,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">59.2–68.3</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FB43FAEA1127" box="[1228,1290,1274,1297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">63.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FA9CFAEA110A" box="[159,1290,1317,1340]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FA9CFDCA110A" box="[159,554,1317,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Horizontal orbital diameter</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FA9CFCC2110A" box="[703,802,1317,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">51.8</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FA9CFC66110A" box="[875,902,1317,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFA9CFBA2110A" box="[983,1090,1317,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">48.9–59.1</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FA9CFAEA110A" box="[1228,1290,1317,1340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">54.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352234FEFFADA3A8FF66FAE9FAEA1151" box="[159,1290,1360,1383]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
<th id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FF66FAE9FDCA1151" box="[159,554,1360,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Least interorbital width</th>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FD46FAE9FCC21151" box="[703,802,1360,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">40.2</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC92FAE9FC661151" box="[875,902,1360,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">36</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FC2EFAE9FBA21151" box="[983,1090,1360,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">34.4–46.0</td>
<td id="76F35D82FFADA3A8FB35FAE9FAEA1151" box="[1228,1290,1360,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">41.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C55FF3FFA01FD531244" blockId="2.[151,1437,1464,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Mouth terminal. Maxilla trespassing vertical through anterior margin of orbit. Premaxillary teeth in to rows; outer tooth row with 3 (6), 4* (30) tricuspid teeth, midcentral cusps longer than others; inner tooth row with 4(1) 5*(35) tetra- to pentacuspid teeth, midcentral cusps longer than others. Maxillary with 1(3), 2*(23), 3(8), 4(2) tri- to pentacuspid teeth. Dentary with 4 pentacuspid teeth followed by a smaller tricuspid one, and a series of small teeth, with 1–3 cusps (fig. 2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C55FF3FF939FCD712F4" blockId="2.[151,1437,1464,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Nostrils closer to anterior orbital margins than to each other. Suparaoccipital process short, its tip not reaching the vertical through posterior margin of opercle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C55FF3FF969FE1A1354" blockId="2.[151,1437,1464,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Dorsal-fin rays ii, 9. Pectoral-fin rays i,10* (23), i,11 (11), i,12(1). Tip of pectoral fin slightly trespasses vertical through pelvic-fin insertion. Adipose fin well developed. Pelvic-fin rays i,7, when adpressed, its tip reaches second branched anal-fin ray. Anal-fin rays iv, 21 (2), 22* (20), 23 (11), 24 (2). Principal caudal-fin rays i,17, i. Caudal-fin forked.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAD5C54FF3FF8C9FDAC14EC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1464,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Scales cycloid, with few radii along posterior border. Lateral-line incomplete, pored scales 9(2), 10(4), 11*(9), 12(5), 13(1) 14(2). Lateral series scales including lateral-line scales 30(2), 32*(8). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral-line 5; scale rows between lateral-line and pelvic-fin origin 3. Circumpeduncular scale rows 11*(4), 12(4). Scale sheath along anal-fin base in a single series of 6–7 scales, extending posteriorly to seventh branched anal-fin ray.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF3FFF51FC41151C" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">First gill arch with 10(2), 11*(21), 12(12) gill rakers on ventral limb and 5(5), 6* (24), 7(6) on dorsal limb. Precaudal vertebrae 15, caudal vertebrae 19. Supraneurals 4.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF3FFE8EFB4715FC" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FF3FFE8EFE211567" bold="true" box="[198,449,311,337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Adult males with very small hooks on the first five to seven branched anal-fin rays. The hooks are located on the last basal segments and on the segments of the posterior branch of each hooked ray. All hooks are backward pointed and varying in number from two to four per ray segment. Adult males also present a more elongate dorsal fin as a secondary sexually dimorphic feature (fig 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF3FFE6EFF1117B4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FF3FFE6EFE7A15C7" bold="true" box="[198,410,471,497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Overall coloration yellowish tan. Mid-dorsal line darker. Humeral region with a dark spot located on second to third lateral line scales, extending 2–3 horizontal series of scales, including lateralline. Dark chromatophores scattered on infraorbitals and opercle. A dark thin stripe extending along septum horizontal, more evident on posterior half of body. A three-scale deep band of sparsely scattered dark chromatophores extending along midlateral body. Limits of posterior hypoaxial myomeres enhanced by dark pigments. Caudal peduncle with a faint horizontal oval-shaped spot. Dorsal fin with scattered dark pigments, more concentrated on anterior half. Anal fin with scattered dark pigments, more concentrated along its proximal and distal extension, resulting in a clearer medial area. Tip of anterior anal-fin rays densely pigmented by dark chromatophores resulting in a dark dash in this area. Paired fins hyaline with scattered dark pigments, more concentrated on unbranched rays. Caudal fin with a narrow field of dark chromatophores on its distal margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAC5C54FF3FFC36FF0F17E4" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF3FFC36FF0F17E4" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FF3FFC36FEBF179F" bold="true" box="[198,351,911,937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known only from the 
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAC5C54FD84FC29FD50179C" box="[637,688,912,938]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Río Caura, a tributary of Río Orinoco, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAC5C54FADAFC29FA7B179C" box="[1315,1435,912,938]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(fig. 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAC5C54FF3FFC66FC221014" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF3FFC66FC221014" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1058]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FF3FFC66FEAB17CF" bold="true" box="[198,331,991,1017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named after Donald C. Taphorn, collector of our new species and whose work has greatly contributed to our knowledge of Neotropical ichthyology.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6D6634FFAC5C54FF6EF831FB6B13F4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178910/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[379,1248,1112,1881]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAC5C54FF6EF831FB6B13F4" blockId="3.[151,1435,1928,1986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FF6EF831FEFA1396" bold="true" box="[151,282,1928,1952]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAC5C54FEDAF831FDC413A9" box="[291,548,1928,1951]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAC5C54FEDAF831FDC413A9" box="[291,548,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Paratype, MCNG 55843, 40.2 mm SL, premaxillary, maxillary and dentary. Left side in lateral view (maxillary and dentary) and frontal view (premaxillary). Scale bar = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6D6634FFAB5C53FF6EFCE4FCE017A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178911/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[312,1251,195,827]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAB5C53FF6EFCE4FCE017A1" blockId="4.[151,1436,861,919]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FF6EFCE4FEF91743" bold="true" box="[151,281,861,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FED9FCE4FDFF1742" box="[288,543,861,884]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FED9FCE4FDFF1742" box="[288,543,861,884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsal-fin length as function of standard length by sex and maturity. Open squares = adult males; full circles = females/immature specimens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6D6634FFAB5C53FF6EF98AFC6E127D" box="[151,910,1587,1611]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[190,1350,982,1586]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAB5C53FF6EF98AFC6E127D" blockId="4.[151,910,1587,1611]" box="[151,910,1587,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FF6EF98AFEF9127D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1587,1611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Map showing the type locality of 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FD7EF98DFC67127D" box="[647,903,1588,1611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD7EF98DFC67127D" box="[647,903,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAB5C52FF3FF922FC231124" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAB5C53FF3FF922FB011363" blockId="4.[151,1436,1691,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FF3FF922FED81283" bold="true" box="[198,312,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAB5C53FEBEF922FE381283" author="Gery" box="[327,472,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Gery, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. THF publications, Neptune City, NJ, 672 pp." type="book" year="1977">Géry (1977)</bibRefCitation>
proposed five artificial 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FD08F925FC7D1283" box="[753,925,1692,1717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD08F925FC7D1283" box="[753,925,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
groups based basically on the color pattern of its species. These were: (a) 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FE00F97DFD9F12EB" box="[505,639,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. gracilis-</emphasis>
group – species without black markings; (b) 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FB73F97DFAEA12EB" box="[1162,1290,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. bellotti-</emphasis>
group – species with one (or two) humeral spot(s) and no caudal spot; (c) 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FC97F955FC0D1333" box="[878,1005,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. tridens-</emphasis>
group – species with caudal spot and no humeral spot (for example the Costello tetra); (d) 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD06F8ADFC6E131B" box="[767,910,1812,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. ocellifer-</emphasis>
group – species with both a humeral (eventually two) and a caudal spot; (e) 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FDF0F885FD591363" box="[521,697,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. unilineatus-</emphasis>
group – species with a black spot on dorsal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAB5C52FF3EF8DAFD3115FC" blockId="4.[151,1436,1691,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,1787]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAB5C53FF3EF8DAFEB8134B" author="Gery" box="[199,344,1891,1917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="59" refString="Gery, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. THF publications, Neptune City, NJ, 672 pp." type="book" year="1977">Géry (1977)</bibRefCitation>
listed 13 species in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FD8DF8DDFD1A134B" box="[628,762,1891,1917]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifer">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD8DF8DDFD69134B" box="[628,649,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD60F8DDFD1A134B" box="[665,762,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">ocellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, including those with one humeral spot (
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FAD7F8DDFF2B1393" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaceps">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FAD7F8DDFF2B1393" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. megaceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FF1AF835FE4E1393" box="[227,430,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudovittatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FF1AF835FE4E1393" box="[227,430,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. caudovittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FE3FF835FD961393" box="[454,630,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrigonae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FE3FF835FD961393" box="[454,630,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. barrigonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FD76F835FCDE1393" box="[655,830,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD76F835FCDE1393" box="[655,830,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. guyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FCAFF835FC501393" box="[854,944,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iota">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FCAFF835FC501393" box="[854,944,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. iota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FC30F835FB951393" box="[969,1141,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FC30F835FB951393" box="[969,1141,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. boulengeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FB74F835FA871393" box="[1165,1383,1932,1957]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vorderwinkleri">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FB74F835FA871393" box="[1165,1383,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. vorderwinkleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FA86F835FEF613FB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FA86F835FEF613FB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. schmardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FEACF80DFDFE13FB" box="[341,542,1972,1997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochrous">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FEACF80DFDFE13FB" box="[341,542,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. melanochrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and with two humeral spots (
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FC78F80DFBC313FB" box="[897,1059,1972,1997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pretoensis">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FC78F80DFBC313FB" box="[897,1059,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. pretoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FBC8F80DFB4E13FB" box="[1073,1198,1972,1997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luelingi">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FBC8F80DFB4E13FB" box="[1073,1198,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. luelingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FB45F80DFAA013FB" box="[1212,1344,1972,1997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifer">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FB45F80DFAA013FB" box="[1212,1344,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. ocellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FA86F80DFF1113C3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FA86F80DFF1113C3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. pulcher</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FEF0F865FDC213C3" box="[265,546,2012,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FEF0F865FDC213C3" box="[265,546,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Hemigrammus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FD47F865FCB613C3" box="[702,854,2012,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaceps">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FD47F865FCB613C3" box="[702,854,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. megaceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FC9CF865FBC813C3" box="[869,1064,2012,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudovittatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FC9CF865FBC813C3" box="[869,1064,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. caudovittatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAB5C53FB90F865FAF113C3" box="[1129,1297,2012,2037]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrigonae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAB5C53FB90F865FAF113C3" box="[1129,1297,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">H. barrigonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting a longitudinal faint stripe extending from the humeral spot to caudal spot, which is not observed in the latter. 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FF31FF79FEB714EF" box="[200,343,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF31FF79FEB714EF" box="[200,343,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD8AFF79FCFE14EF" box="[627,798,192,217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD8AFF79FCFE14EF" box="[627,798,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. guyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking the iridescent spots flanking the caudal peduncle posteriorly (vs. present in the latter). 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD2AFF51FC801537" box="[723,864,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD2AFF51FC801537" box="[723,864,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is promptly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FB13FF51FAA01537" box="[1258,1344,232,257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iota">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FB13FF51FAA01537" box="[1258,1344,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. iota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FA86FF51FEA4151F" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vorderwinkleri">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FA86FF51FA741537" box="[1407,1428,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF6EFEA9FEA4151F" box="[151,324,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">vorderwinkleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting 21–24 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 15–17 and 18 anal-fin rays, respectively). 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FA86FEA9FF1C1567" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FA86FEA9FF1C1567" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDA8FE81FD151567" box="[593,757,312,337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDA8FE81FD151567" box="[593,757,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. schmardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing up to three maxillary teeth with five cusps (vs. one or two maxillary teeth conical or with three cusps in the latter). The rare species from rio Madeira, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FA86FED9FEDC1597" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanochrous">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FA86FED9FEDC1597" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. melanochrous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, presents only 17 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 21– 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAA5C52FC6FFE31FC341594" box="[918,980,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FC27FE31FB8B1597" box="[990,1131,392,417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FC27FE31FB8B1597" box="[990,1131,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and has a greatest body depth of 24.0% (vs. 32.7–42.2% in 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDCEFE09FD2015FF" box="[567,704,432,457]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDCEFE09FD2015FF" box="[567,704,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAA5C52FF3FFE61FC44168C" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
More recently, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FE87FE61FD2815C4" author="Bertaco" box="[382,712,472,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Bertaco, V. A. &amp; Carvalho, T. P. (2005) New characid fish, Hemigrammus skolioplatus (Characiformes: Characidae) from upper rio Tapajs drainage, Central Brazil. Comunicaes do Museu de Cincias e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Srie Zoolgica, 18 (2), 141 - 150." type="journal article" year="2005">Bertaco &amp; Carvalho (2005)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FCB4FE61FC1315C7" box="[845,1011,472,497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skoliplatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FCB4FE61FC1315C7" box="[845,1011,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. skoliplatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from rio Tapajós, and treated their new species as belonging to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDE8FDB9FD76162F" box="[529,662,512,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifer">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDE8FDB9FD76162F" box="[529,662,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. ocellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. The higher number of branched anal-fin rays (21–24) also distinguishes 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FECFFD91FE5F1677" box="[310,447,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FECFFD91FE5F1677" box="[310,447,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDFCFD91FD561677" box="[517,694,552,577]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skolioplatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDFCFD91FD561677" box="[517,694,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. skolioplatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which bears 14–16 branched anal-fin rays. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FB40FD91FA7C1674" box="[1209,1436,552,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Zarske, A., Le Bail, P. - Y. &amp; Gery, J. (2006) New and poorly known Characiform fishes from French Guiana. 1. Two new Tetras of the genera Hemigrammus and Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Zoologische Abhandlungen, 55, 17 - 30." type="journal article">Zarske et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FEF6FDE9FEBD165F" box="[271,349,592,617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ora">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FEF6FDE9FEBD165F" box="[271,349,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. ora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also included in 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDC8FDE9FD58165F" box="[561,696,592,617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifer">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDC8FDE9FD58165F" box="[561,696,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. ocellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, which is easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FB4DFDE9FADF165F" box="[1204,1343,592,617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FB4DFDE9FADF165F" box="[1204,1343,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presenting an edentulous maxilla. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD95FDC1FD1716A7" box="[620,759,632,657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD95FDC1FD1716A7" box="[620,759,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly distinguished from species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FAF2FDC1FA7216A7" box="[1291,1426,632,657]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellifer">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FAF2FDC1FA7216A7" box="[1291,1426,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. ocellifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group with two humeral spots by presenting a single humeral spot.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAA5C52FF3FFD71FC231124" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FEB5FD71FE1416D7" box="[332,500,712,737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unilineatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FEB5FD71FE1416D7" box="[332,500,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. unilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDABFD71FD3D16D7" box="[594,733,712,737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDABFD71FD3D16D7" box="[594,733,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar in its color pattern to 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FB5BFD71FAC116D7" box="[1186,1313,712,737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FB5BFD71FAC116D7" box="[1186,1313,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species originally described from rio Tapajós basin. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FD4FFD49FC91173C" author="Taphorn" box="[694,881,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Taphorn, D. C. (1992) The Characiform Fishes of the Apure River Drainage, Venezuela. Biollania - Edicion Especial - N o 4, Caracas. 537 pp." type="book" year="1992">Taphorn (1992)</bibRefCitation>
tentatively identified 
<specimenCount id="9D14FD35FFAA5C52FB86FD49FAC2173C" box="[1151,1314,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
from Río Orinoco drainages as 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE61FCA1FE551707" box="[408,437,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H.</emphasis>
aff. e 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE01FCA1FDA41707" box="[504,580,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">legans</emphasis>
. The examination of images of the 
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAA5C52FC13FCA1FBB11704" box="[1002,1105,792,818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FB83FCA1FA7C1707" box="[1146,1436,792,817]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FB83FCA1FA7C1707" box="[1146,1436,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Tetragonopterus elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FF42FCF9FEDB176F" box="[187,315,832,857]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF42FCF9FEDB176F" box="[187,315,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and its original (
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FDE4FCF9FCE4176C" author="Steindachner" box="[541,772,832,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Steindachner, F. (1882) Beitragre zur Kenntniss der Flussfische Sudamerika's. IV. Denkschriften der Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 46, 1 - 44, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1882">Steindachner, 1882</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequent descriptions (
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FB8FFCF9FAAD176C" author="Eigenmann" box="[1142,1357,832,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1918) The American Characidade. Part II. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 43 (2), 103 - 208. 22 pls." type="journal article" year="1918">Eigenmann, 1918</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FAA5FCF9FF3317B4" author="Gery" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Gery, J. (1977) Characoids of the World. THF publications, Neptune City, NJ, 672 pp." type="book" year="1977">Géry, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) demonstrated that 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FE42FCD1FDA417B7" box="[443,580,872,897]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE42FCD1FDA417B7" box="[443,580,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is promptly distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FC47FCD1FBDB17B7" box="[958,1083,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FC47FCD1FBDB17B7" box="[958,1083,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of three horizontal scale rows below the lateral-line (vs. four or five in 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FCAEFC29FC35179F" box="[855,981,912,937]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FCAEFC29FC35179F" box="[855,981,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by the presence of premaxillary teeth bearing only three cusps (vs. premaxillary teeth bearing five cusps in 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FBFAFC01FB9F17E7" box="[1027,1151,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FBFAFC01FB9F17E7" box="[1027,1151,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). An elongate dorsal fin has not been mentioned or illustrated in the available descriptions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FC2AFC59FBB117CF" box="[979,1105,992,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FC2AFC59FBB117CF" box="[979,1105,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or detected in the analyzed 
<typeStatus id="54A9881EFFAA5C52FF6EFBB1FEE21014" box="[151,258,1032,1058]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. The shared color pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDA8FBB1FD3A1017" box="[593,730,1032,1057]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDA8FBB1FD3A1017" box="[593,730,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FCEAFBB1FC701017" box="[787,912,1032,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FCEAFBB1FC701017" box="[787,912,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be an indicative of a close relationship, but there is presently no cladistic evidence supporting 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FCECFB89FC21107F" box="[789,961,1072,1097]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FCECFB89FC21107F" box="[789,961,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a monophyletic unit. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF834B4DFFAA5C52FB18FB89FEA01044" author="Weitzman" pageId="5" pageNumber="59" refString="Weitzman, S. H. &amp; Palmer, L. (1997) A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Teleostei: Characidae) from the Neblina region of Venezuela and Brazil, with comments on the putative ' rosy tetra clade'. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 7, 209 - 242." type="journal article" year="1997">Weitzman &amp; Palmer (1997)</bibRefCitation>
discussed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FE09FBE1FD771047" box="[496,663,1112,1137]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unilineatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE09FBE1FD771047" box="[496,663,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. unilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and similar relatives may belong to their rosy tetra clade based on certain aspects of their color pattern, such as a darkened dorsal-fin blotch or area, and supplementary anatomical evidence, such as the sexually dimorphic elongate dorsal fin, both of which are present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FAF3FB11FA7510F7" box="[1290,1429,1192,1217]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FAF3FB11FA7510F7" box="[1290,1429,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FF1AFB69FE8E10DF" box="[227,366,1232,1257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF1AFB69FE8E10DF" box="[227,366,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FDF8FB69FD6110DF" box="[513,641,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Anthribidae" genus="Tetragonopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDF8FB69FD6110DF" box="[513,641,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">H. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, should be added to Weitzman &amp; Palmer’s (1997) list of putative members of the rosy tetra clade in future phylogenetic investigations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3086537FFAA5C52FF3FFAA6FEC312CD" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAD36BCFFAA5C52FF3FFAA6FEC312CD" blockId="5.[151,1436,152,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF3FFAA6FDBB110F" bold="true" box="[198,603,1311,1337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Comparative material examined</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD93FA99FC54110F" box="[618,948,1312,1338]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD93FA99FCF6110F" box="[618,790,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FCBBFA99FC54110F" box="[834,948,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">coeruleus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FC45FA99FBFE110C" box="[956,1054,1312,1338]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
85674 (1 ex. 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAA5C52FB47FA99FAC7110C" box="[1214,1319,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="26.8">26.8 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FA91FA99FF551152" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Rio Preto da Eva, Igapó in pousada do paraíso, near to igarapé do Tauari, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FAFFFAF3FA781152" box="[1286,1432,1352,1380]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-2.7903333">2o47’25,2”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FF6EFACBFEA011BA" box="[151,320,1394,1420]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-59.636333">59º38’10,8”W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FEB5FACBFE4E11BA" box="[332,430,1394,1420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FE4EFACBFE0C11BA" box="[439,492,1394,1420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hb24-jpsb" name="University of the South Pacific" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">USP</collectionCode>
, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FE0EFACBFD6011BA" box="[503,640,1394,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2003-07-05">05/07/2003</date>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD75FACAFC2411BA" box="[652,964,1395,1420]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrigonae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD75FACAFC2411BA" box="[652,964,1395,1420]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus barrigonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FC32FACBFBCD11BA" box="[971,1069,1394,1420]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
85018, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FB75FACBFAE311BA" box="[1164,1283,1394,1420]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Colômbia</collectingCountry>
, Vaupés, Rio Negro, Rio Tiquié, Porto 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FE2AFA27FDA6118E" box="[467,582,1438,1464]" name="Colombia" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Colômbia</collectingCountry>
community (=Pupunha) e abaixo, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FC0DFA27FB6A118E" box="[1012,1162,1435,1464]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="0.23183334">0o13’54,6”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FB62FA27FAA5118E" box="[1179,1349,1438,1464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-70.07992">70º04’47,7”W</geoCoordinate>
, F.C.T. Lima, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FF1DFA7FFE8D11D6" box="[228,365,1478,1504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2004-06-23">23/06/2004</date>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FE83FA7FFD5011E9" box="[378,688,1478,1503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unilineatus">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE83FA7FFD5011E9" box="[378,688,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus unilineatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FD41FA7FFCFA11D6" box="[696,794,1478,1504]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
30323 (1 ex. 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAA5C52FC46FA7FFBC811D6" box="[959,1064,1478,1504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="33.6">33.6 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FB92FA7FFB5411D6" box="[1131,1204,1478,1504]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Rio Branco, Cachoeira Bem Querer, M. Goulding, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FDC5FA57FD25123E" box="[572,709,1518,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1984-01-08">08/01/1984</date>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FD2FFA57FBDE1231" box="[726,1086,1518,1544]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guyanensis">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FD2FFA57FC621231" box="[726,898,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FC45FA57FBDE1231" box="[956,1086,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">guyanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FBB5FA57FB4E123E" box="[1100,1198,1518,1544]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
35033 (1 ex. 23.6 mmSL), 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FF06F9AFFEA81206" box="[255,328,1558,1584]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Rio Negro, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FD9FF9AFFD741206" box="[614,660,1558,1584]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Ilha</collectingCountry>
de Tamaquaré, downstream Rio Daraá, M. Goulding, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FAF6F9AFFA781206" box="[1295,1432,1558,1584]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1980-02-07">07/02/1980</date>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FF6EF987FDCD1261" box="[151,557,1598,1624]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vorderwinkleri">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FF6EF987FEA41261" box="[151,324,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE79F987FDCD1261" box="[384,557,1598,1623]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">vorderwinkleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FDC5F987FD7E126E" box="[572,670,1598,1624]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
84986 (1 ex. 
<quantity id="4CEA9B59FFAA5C52FCA6F987FC2F126E" box="[863,975,1598,1624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="27.8">27.8 mm</quantity>
SL), 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FBD8F987FB8A126E" box="[1057,1130,1598,1624]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Rio Tiquié, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FF6EF9D0FEFE12B5" box="[151,286,1637,1667]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="0.2678889">0o16’4,4”N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE26507BFFAA5C52FED5F9D0FE3512B5" box="[300,469,1641,1667]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-69.97264">69º58’21,5”W</geoCoordinate>
, Flávio C. T. Lima, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FD33F9D0FCB312B5" box="[714,851,1641,1667]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2004-06-21">21/06/2004</date>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FC98F9D0FB5D12B4" box="[865,1213,1641,1667]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmardae">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FC98F9D0FBED12B4" box="[865,1037,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FBC4F9D0FB5D12B4" box="[1085,1213,1641,1666]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">schmardae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FB3FF9D0FAC812B5" box="[1222,1320,1641,1667]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MZUSP</collectionCode>
92141 (1 ex. 18.0 mm SL), 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FE97F928FE57129D" box="[366,439,1681,1707]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Rio Tiquié, Serra do Mucura community, Flávio C. T. Lima et al., 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FF1BF900FE8B12E5" box="[226,363,1721,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2006-09-10">10/09/2006</date>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C124D3FFFAA5C52FE81F900FD4F12E4" box="[376,687,1721,1747]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Hemigrammus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FE81F900FDC512E4" box="[376,549,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Hemigrammus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B966EAAEFFAA5C52FDACF900FD4F12E4" box="[597,687,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectionCode id="ED03AE79FFAA5C52FD41F900FD1612E5" box="[696,758,1721,1747]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/bqgs-f9q8" name="Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MCP</collectionCode>
15315, 
<collectingCountry id="F305762CFFAA5C52FCA0F900FC4212E5" box="[857,930,1721,1747]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brasil</collectingCountry>
, Pará, Rio Tapajós, Itaituba, C.A. Lucena, 
<date id="FFAC107CFFAA5C52FF6EF958FEFF12CD" box="[151,287,1761,1787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1991-12-11">11/12/1991</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>