396 lines
48 KiB
XML
396 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-ISSN="2305-2562" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683582641946" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="de Winter, A. J. & Vastenhout, N." docDate="2013" docId="03BB8789FF885E1DCC9EFB00FD67C4C1" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.54.2.605-663.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 54 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Avakubia acuminata de Winter & Vastenhout 2013, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="623" masterDocId="FF82FFF1FF855E0FCD0BFFA4FFE3C24B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Afrotropical land snail genus Avakubia Pilsbry, 1919, with description of Pseudavakubia gen. n. and eleven new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)" masterLastPageNumber="663" masterPageNumber="605" pageNumber="618" updateTime="1683648228792" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Afrotropical land snail genus Avakubia Pilsbry, 1919, with description of Pseudavakubia gen. n. and eleven new species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>de Winter, A. J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vastenhout, N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>54</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>605</mods:start>
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<mods:end>663</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB8789FF885E1DCC9EFB00FD67C4C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB8789FF885E1DCC9EFB00FD67C4C1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<subSubSection box="[405,918,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[405,918,1188,1214]" box="[405,918,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<heading box="[405,918,1188,1214]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7Q9GK" authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[405,804,1188,1214]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" status="comb. n.">
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<emphasis box="[405,634,1188,1214]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Avakubia acuminata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[649,796,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,918,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[816,918,1188,1214]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[508,814,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1039,1230,1293]" box="[508,814,1230,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<figureCitation box="[508,580,1230,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[142,175,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-110@14.[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933): (A–C) holotype, ZMB 72855: apertural (A), lateral (B) and umbilical (C) views; (D–G) shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.42795: apertural (D), lateral (E, F), and apical (G) views. Scale bar = 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[592,660,1230,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[181,214,1534,1556]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-143@15.[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Apertural dentition in Avakubia species: (A–E) A. acuminata (Thiele, 1933), series of longitudinal slice images acquired by a MicroCT scanner through a shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH. MOL.42795, illustrating the arrangement of internal shell structures; (F–H) SEM photographs of body whorl fragments showing deep-set palatal fold and columellar lamella: (F) A. acuminata, (G) A. subacuminata sp. n., (H) A. fruticicola sp. n. Abbreviations: a – angular lamella, c – columellar lamella, p – palatal fold." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">5A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[672,688,1230,1256]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[143,176,1508,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-107@16.[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933), genital anatomy of specimens from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A, B) RMNH.MOL.330317, (C–E) RMNH.MOL.330318, opened distal penis with spermatophore. Abbreviations:A – genital atrium,AG – albumen gland, BC – bursa copulatrix,BD – bursal duct, P – penis,PA – penial apex,PD – penial diverticulum,PR – penial retractor muscle,SOD – spermoviduct, SP – spermatophore, U – (remains of) dilated free oviduct (uterus – embryo removed), V – vagina, VD – vas deferens.Scale bar = 0.5 mm.(Drawn by Bas Blankenvoort from photographs of genitalia preparations)" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[700,716,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[181,214,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[188,1133,865,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-248@17.[188,1133,865,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933), radula of specimen from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A) central tooth and marginals; (B) entire half row; (C) marginal teeth; (D) lateral teeth.Arrows indicate central tooth." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">7</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[728,814,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[181,214,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[227,1089,204,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-9@21.[227,1089,204,874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig.10. SEM photographs of shell sculpture of Avakubia species: (A–D) A.acuminata (Thiele, 1933) from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.330324: (A) entire protoconch, (B) tip of apex, (C) sculpture on first protoconch whorl, (D) sculpture on second protoconch whorl; (E–H) A. avakubiensis (Pilsbry, 1919), juvenile specimen from Kibale forest, Uganda (ZMH 52709): (E) protoconch and transition to teleoconch, (F) first protoconch whorl, (G) second protoconch whorl, (H) detail of second protoconch whorl sculpture." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">10A–D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection box="[181,1039,1271,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1039,1230,1293]" box="[181,1039,1271,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[181,1039,1271,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<treatmentCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[181,624,1271,1293]" page="316" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" year="1933">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="7RGCC" authority=": Thiele 1933: 316" authorityName="Thiele" authorityPageNumber="316" authorityYear="1933" box="[181,624,1271,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata" subGenus="Avakubia">
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<emphasis box="[181,456,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Gulella (Avakubia) acuminata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[467,624,1271,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele 1933: 316</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 61; de
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<treatmentCitation author="WINTER, A. J. DE & GITTENBERGER, E." box="[730,1035,1271,1293]" page="239" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation author="WINTER, A. J. DE & GITTENBERGER, E." box="[730,1035,1271,1293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" pagination="231 - 250" refId="ref28000" refString="WINTER, A. J. DE & GITTENBERGER, E. 1998. The land snail fauna of a square kilometer patch of rainforest in southwestern Cameroon: high species richness, low abundance, and seasonal fluctuations. Malacologia 40: 231 - 250." type="journal article" year="1998">Winter & Gittenberger 1998: 239</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1310,1369]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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Diagnosis: Differs from other
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<taxonomicName box="[526,719,1310,1336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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<emphasis box="[526,630,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Avakubia</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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by the comparatively large (>
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<quantity box="[1066,1134,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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) shell with tapering spire and strongly acuminate apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1385,1679]" box="[181,321,1385,1411]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Description:</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,1385,1679]" lastBlockId="15.[181,1142,204,518]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="620" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">
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||
<emphasis box="[181,237,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Shell</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation box="[251,323,1426,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[142,175,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-110@14.[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933): (A–C) holotype, ZMB 72855: apertural (A), lateral (B) and umbilical (C) views; (D–G) shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.42795: apertural (D), lateral (E, F), and apical (G) views. Scale bar = 1 mm." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation box="[334,402,1426,1453]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[181,214,1534,1556]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-143@15.[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Apertural dentition in Avakubia species: (A–E) A. acuminata (Thiele, 1933), series of longitudinal slice images acquired by a MicroCT scanner through a shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH. MOL.42795, illustrating the arrangement of internal shell structures; (F–H) SEM photographs of body whorl fragments showing deep-set palatal fold and columellar lamella: (F) A. acuminata, (G) A. subacuminata sp. n., (H) A. fruticicola sp. n. Abbreviations: a – angular lamella, c – columellar lamella, p – palatal fold." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">5A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[412,501,1426,1452]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[181,214,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[227,1089,204,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-9@21.[227,1089,204,874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig.10. SEM photographs of shell sculpture of Avakubia species: (A–D) A.acuminata (Thiele, 1933) from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.330324: (A) entire protoconch, (B) tip of apex, (C) sculpture on first protoconch whorl, (D) sculpture on second protoconch whorl; (E–H) A. avakubiensis (Pilsbry, 1919), juvenile specimen from Kibale forest, Uganda (ZMH 52709): (E) protoconch and transition to teleoconch, (F) first protoconch whorl, (G) second protoconch whorl, (H) detail of second protoconch whorl sculpture." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">10A–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation box="[511,593,1426,1452]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[563,634,204,225]" captionText="TABLE 1 (continued) Conchometric data for 87 adult Avakubia shells. Measurements and abbreviations are explained in Fig. 1. Measurements of holotype of A.avakubiensis are taken from available illustrations (see species description), as far as possible (* – holotype excluded,? – character not observable in available illustrations)." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Table 1</tableCitation>
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):
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<materialsCitation country="Philippines" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="620" location="PH" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" specimenCount="7" typeStatus="holotype">
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Large for the genus (mean H
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<quantity box="[940,1029,1426,1453]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="618" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
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), elongate (H:D 1.88–2.1, median 1.97, in
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<typeStatus box="[537,635,1458,1484]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">holotype</typeStatus>
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2.01), biconical, spire tapering. Coiling tightness 3.7–4.1, median 3.9, in
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<typeStatus box="[508,606,1490,1516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">holotype</typeStatus>
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4.0. Whorls moderately convex. Apex strongly acuminate. Protoconch comparatively high-spired, consisting of 2¼–2.5 whorls. Protoconch sculpture (
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<figureCitation box="[388,527,1554,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[181,214,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[227,1089,204,1502]" captionTargetId="figure-9@21.[227,1089,204,874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig.10. SEM photographs of shell sculpture of Avakubia species: (A–D) A.acuminata (Thiele, 1933) from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.330324: (A) entire protoconch, (B) tip of apex, (C) sculpture on first protoconch whorl, (D) sculpture on second protoconch whorl; (E–H) A. avakubiensis (Pilsbry, 1919), juvenile specimen from Kibale forest, Uganda (ZMH 52709): (E) protoconch and transition to teleoconch, (F) first protoconch whorl, (G) second protoconch whorl, (H) detail of second protoconch whorl sculpture." pageId="13" pageNumber="618">Figs 10A–D</figureCitation>
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) consists of comparatively regularly spaced spiral cords, 10–12 on second whorl, each 6.6–8.5 µm wide. Cords composed of series of 13–22 µm long, elongate-rounded particles, that are individually just separated. Spiral sculpture starts
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<emphasis box="[247,273,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="618">ca</emphasis>
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¼ whorl from nucleus. Teleoconch sculpture consists of slightly oblique, prosocline axial ribs, 6.4–9.2 ribs/mm on penultimate whorl, median 8 ribs/mm, in
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<typeStatus pageId="14" pageNumber="619">holotype</typeStatus>
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7.8 ribs/mm. Interstices with fine, solid, more or less irregular spiral lines. Body whorl proportionally small, BWH 41–47 % of H, median 44 %, in
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<typeStatus box="[877,975,269,295]" pageId="14" pageNumber="619">holotype</typeStatus>
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42%. Peristome complete in most specimens; some otherwise fully developed specimens with incompletely developed parietal-angular margin are probably subadult. Peristome somewhat higher than wide,
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<collectingCountry box="[441,478,236,262]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">PH</collectingCountry>
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:PW 1.08–1.24, median 1.18, in
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<typeStatus box="[835,933,236,262]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">holotype</typeStatus>
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1.19.
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<collectingCountry box="[1001,1037,236,262]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">PH</collectingCountry>
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29–34 % of H, median 33%, in
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<typeStatus box="[444,542,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">holotype</typeStatus>
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31%. PW 49–60% of D, median 55%, in
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<typeStatus box="[1044,1142,268,294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">holotype</typeStatus>
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52 %. Apertural lip expanded and flaring, not strongly incrassate. Two apertural barriers visible in frontal view: a more or less pointed, tooth-like, thickening on mid-palatal wall and a conspicuous, somewhat projecting angular tooth that extends inwards as a deeply entering lamella. Internal wall of body whorl with a deep-set palatal fold (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[181,214,1534,1556]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-143@15.[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Apertural dentition in Avakubia species: (A–E) A. acuminata (Thiele, 1933), series of longitudinal slice images acquired by a MicroCT scanner through a shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH. MOL.42795, illustrating the arrangement of internal shell structures; (F–H) SEM photographs of body whorl fragments showing deep-set palatal fold and columellar lamella: (F) A. acuminata, (G) A. subacuminata sp. n., (H) A. fruticicola sp. n. Abbreviations: a – angular lamella, c – columellar lamella, p – palatal fold." pageId="15" pageNumber="620">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), not visible in the aperture, but discernable in translucent specimens as short pale stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[258,383,460,486]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[142,175,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-110@14.[148,1093,372,1584]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 4. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933): (A–C) holotype, ZMB 72855: apertural (A), lateral (B) and umbilical (C) views; (D–G) shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.42795: apertural (D), lateral (E, F), and apical (G) views. Scale bar = 1 mm." pageId="15" pageNumber="620">Figs 4D, E</figureCitation>
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||
). Short, little conspicuous lamella present on columella (
|
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<figureCitation box="[1017,1084,459,486]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[181,214,1534,1556]" captionTargetBox="[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-143@15.[189,1134,561,1511]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 5. Apertural dentition in Avakubia species: (A–E) A. acuminata (Thiele, 1933), series of longitudinal slice images acquired by a MicroCT scanner through a shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH. MOL.42795, illustrating the arrangement of internal shell structures; (F–H) SEM photographs of body whorl fragments showing deep-set palatal fold and columellar lamella: (F) A. acuminata, (G) A. subacuminata sp. n., (H) A. fruticicola sp. n. Abbreviations: a – angular lamella, c – columellar lamella, p – palatal fold." pageId="15" pageNumber="620">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), but not visible in aperture. Umbilicus open but rather narrow
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="619" startId="14.[142,175,1607,1629]" targetBox="[148,1093,372,1584]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[142,1103,1607,1678]" pageId="14" pageNumber="619">
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Fig. 4.
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<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[210,539,1607,1629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="14" pageNumber="619" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
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<emphasis box="[210,397,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="619">Avakubia acuminata</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[411,532,1607,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="619" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A–C) holotype, ZMB 72855: apertural (A), lateral (B) and umbilical (C) views; (D– G) shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH.MOL.42795: apertural (D), lateral (E, F), and apical (G) views. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="620" startId="15.[181,214,1534,1556]" targetBox="[189,1134,561,1511]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[181,1143,1534,1676]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">
|
||
Fig. 5. Apertural dentition in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[448,607,1534,1556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,532,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">Avakubia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A–E)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[681,940,1534,1556]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[681,802,1534,1556]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[814,933,1534,1556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, series of longitudinal slice images acquired by a MicroCT scanner through a shell from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon, RMNH. MOL.42795, illustrating the arrangement of internal shell structures; (F–H) SEM photographs of body whorl fragments showing deep-set palatal fold and columellar lamella: (F)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[978,1099,1607,1628]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[978,1099,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (G)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[245,398,1630,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subacuminata" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,398,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">A. subacuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[405,455,1631,1652]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, (H)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[503,623,1630,1652]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fruticicola" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,623,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="620">A. fruticicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[629,679,1631,1652]" pageId="15" pageNumber="620" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Abbreviations: a – angular lamella, c – columellar lamella, p – palatal fold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="621" startId="16.[143,176,1508,1530]" targetBox="[149,1101,204,1474]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[143,1105,1508,1674]" pageId="16" pageNumber="621">
|
||
Fig. 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[208,532,1508,1530]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="16" pageNumber="621" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,394,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="621">Avakubia acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[406,525,1508,1530]" pageId="16" pageNumber="621" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, genital anatomy of specimens from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A, B) RMNH.MOL.330317, (C–E) RMNH.MOL.330318, opened distal penis with spermatophore. Abbreviations:A – genital atrium,AG – albumen gland, BC – bursa copulatrix, BD – bursal duct, P – penis, PA – penial apex, PD – penial diverticulum, PR – penial retractor muscle, SOD – spermoviduct, SP – spermatophore, U – (remains of) dilated free oviduct (uterus – embryo removed), V – vagina, VD – vas deferens. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (Drawn by Bas Blankenvoort from photographs of genitalia preparations)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[181,1142,203,824]" box="[181,931,203,229]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,319,203,229]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Body colour</emphasis>
|
||
: Live animal cream-whitish, without reddish pigment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[181,1142,203,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,281,243,269]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Anatomy</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[297,367,243,269]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[143,176,1508,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-107@16.[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933), genital anatomy of specimens from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A, B) RMNH.MOL.330317, (C–E) RMNH.MOL.330318, opened distal penis with spermatophore. Abbreviations:A – genital atrium,AG – albumen gland, BC – bursa copulatrix,BD – bursal duct, P – penis,PA – penial apex,PD – penial diverticulum,PR – penial retractor muscle,SOD – spermoviduct, SP – spermatophore, U – (remains of) dilated free oviduct (uterus – embryo removed), V – vagina, VD – vas deferens.Scale bar = 0.5 mm.(Drawn by Bas Blankenvoort from photographs of genitalia preparations)" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount box="[380,547,243,269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
dissected, including two with fully grown shells but still poorly developed genitalia): Atrium mostly longer than wide, thin-walled. Penis more or less elongate, with a short apical caecum as well as a more conspicuous lateral diverticulum. In some (juvenile or contracted?) specimens diverticulum appears subapically, nearby apical caecum, giving penis a bifid appearance. Vas deferens in some specimens coiled around vagina. Vas deferens abruptly widens close to upper penis into a muscular terminal portion that enters upper penis laterally, cutting off a short apical caecum. Penis retractor muscle long and twisted, originating from columella muscle and inserting on penial caecum, extending under widened terminal vas deferens. Interior of penis distally without strong pilasters, internal wall with small irregular tissue pads. No chitinous spines were found inside penis.A pale, elongate spindle-shaped spermatophore-like structure (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[343,427,595,621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[143,176,1508,1530]" captionTargetBox="[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-107@16.[149,1101,204,1474]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933), genital anatomy of specimens from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A, B) RMNH.MOL.330317, (C–E) RMNH.MOL.330318, opened distal penis with spermatophore. Abbreviations:A – genital atrium,AG – albumen gland, BC – bursa copulatrix,BD – bursal duct, P – penis,PA – penial apex,PD – penial diverticulum,PR – penial retractor muscle,SOD – spermoviduct, SP – spermatophore, U – (remains of) dilated free oviduct (uterus – embryo removed), V – vagina, VD – vas deferens.Scale bar = 0.5 mm.(Drawn by Bas Blankenvoort from photographs of genitalia preparations)" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with yellow content was encountered inside lower penis of
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="17" pageNumber="622" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
. Bursa copulatrix arises from oviduct, cutting off short but distinct vagina, consisting of long narrow bursal duct with roundish oval sac. Free oviduct narrow, in
|
||
<specimenCount box="[181,347,691,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
strongly inflated to form a pouchlike uterus containing single, shelled, embryo. Hermaphrodite duct with long, tube-like, convolute talon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[181,1142,203,824]" lastBlockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="623" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[181,262,763,789]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Radula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limida" pageId="17" pageNumber="622" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,262,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Radula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[277,346,763,789]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[181,214,1607,1629]" captionTargetBox="[188,1133,865,1582]" captionTargetId="figure-248@17.[188,1133,865,1582]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933), radula of specimen from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A) central tooth and marginals; (B) entire half row; (C) marginal teeth; (D) lateral teeth.Arrows indicate central tooth." pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
): Ribbon very long and narrow. Row formula 16-C-16, number of rows not counted (n=2). Central tooth distinctly smaller than laterals. Distinction between laterals and marginals gradual, latter appearing more slender. Viewed from above, mesocone of lateral and marginal teeth appear as elongate, sharply pointed, curved blades; in other views, endocone becomes visible as a lateral dilatation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="622" startId="17.[181,214,1607,1629]" targetBox="[188,1133,865,1582]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[181,1142,1607,1677]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">
|
||
Fig. 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[245,568,1607,1629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="622" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[245,431,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="622">Avakubia acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[442,560,1607,1629]" pageId="17" pageNumber="622" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, radula of specimen from S of Lolodorf, Cameroon: (A) central tooth and marginals; (B) entire half row; (C) marginal teeth; (D) lateral teeth.Arrows indicate central tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="623" startId="18.[144,177,674,696]" targetBox="[151,1097,204,648]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[144,1104,674,720]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Fig. 8. Distribution records of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Thiele, 1933)" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[427,752,674,696]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[427,615,674,695]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Avakubia acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[628,746,674,696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(dot with question mark indicates the uncertain type locality),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[429,550,698,719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="biokoensis" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[429,550,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. biokoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[555,605,698,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="de Winter & Vastenhout, 2013" authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[647,840,698,719]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ortizdezarateorum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[647,840,698,719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. ortizdezarateorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[846,895,698,719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="ZMB" country="Cameroon" location="Conradt" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" specimenCode="ZMB 72855" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[143,227,868,890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(examined):
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[347,480,868,889]" name="Cameroon" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
|
||
: “Kamerun, wahrscheinlich [probably] Johann Albrechtshöhe”,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB8789FF885E1DCC9EFB00FD67C4C1:8ECD6044FF975E1DC929FCC0FF51C1D9" country="Cameroon" name="Conradt" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Conradt</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[190,307,891,913]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="Museum">ZMB 72855</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Other material examined:
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="viii - x. 1995 and iii - iv. 1996" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="A. J. de Winter & E. J. Semengue" country="Cameroon" elevation="450" latitude="3.1" location="Sud Prov." longLatPrecision="784" longitude="10.73" municipality="Minwo area" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" specimenCount="46">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[384,517,924,945]" name="Cameroon" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,617,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB8789FF885E1DCC9EFB00FD67C4C1:8ECD6044FF975E1DCF04FC38FD8AC1FA" box="[527,617,924,945]" country="Cameroon" latitude="3.1" longLatPrecision="784" longitude="10.73" municipality="Minwo area" name="Sud Prov." pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Sud Prov.</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[629,739,924,946]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Minwo area</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<emphasis box="[746,767,924,945]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">ca</emphasis>
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[774,921,924,946]" location="Ebom" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<quantity box="[774,821,924,946]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
NE Ebom
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[932,1100,923,946]" location="Lolodorf" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<quantity box="[932,990,923,946]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
|
||
S Lolodorf
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[143,208,948,969]" degrees="3.10" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" precision="555" value="3.1">3.10°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[212,288,948,969]" degrees="10.73" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" precision="555" value="10.73">10.73°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[296,400,947,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[296,400,947,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">400–500 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, all collected within a single square kilometre of near-primary evergreen forest, from
|
||
<quantity box="[195,254,972,993]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[195,254,972,993]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
high understorey vegetation, except for three rather eroded empty shells (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[944,998,972,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="generic">2 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1044,1093,972,994]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="generic">1 ad.</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingDate box="[143,393,995,1018]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
<date box="[143,247,995,1017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" value="1995-08" valueMax="1995-10-31" valueMin="1995-08-00">viii–x.1995</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date box="[293,393,996,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" value="1996-03" valueMax="1996-04-31" valueMin="1996-03-00">iii–iv.1996</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[402,535,996,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A.J. de Winter</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName box="[566,701,996,1017]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">E.J. Semengue</collectorName>
|
||
(16 samples containing
|
||
<specimenCount box="[927,985,996,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="generic">20 ad.</specimenCount>
|
||
&
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1015,1068,996,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="generic">6 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
dry and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[182,238,1020,1042]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="generic">17 ad.</specimenCount>
|
||
in alcohol, of which 5 were dissected;
|
||
<collectionCode box="[591,663,1020,1041]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[289,354,1056,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[144,177,674,696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1097,204,648]" captionTargetId="figure-400@18.[151,1097,204,648]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Distribution records of Avakubia acuminata (Thiele, 1933) (dot with question mark indicates the uncertain type locality), A. biokoensis sp. n. and A. ortizdezarateorum sp. n." pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): For a long time
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[541,686,1056,1082]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[541,686,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only known by the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[943,1039,1056,1082]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
shell, until the species was rediscovered near Lolodorf in Southwest
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[835,952,1088,1114]" name="Cameroon" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="WINTER, A. J. DE & GITTENBERGER, E." pageId="18" pageNumber="623" pagination="231 - 250" refId="ref28000" refString="WINTER, A. J. DE & GITTENBERGER, E. 1998. The land snail fauna of a square kilometer patch of rainforest in southwestern Cameroon: high species richness, low abundance, and seasonal fluctuations. Malacologia 40: 231 - 250." type="journal article" year="1998">Winter & Gittenberger 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The type locality is uncertain [“Wahrscheinlich (probably) Johann Albrechtshöhe” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[334,474,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), presently Kumba,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[703,783,1152,1178]" degrees="4.63" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" precision="555" value="4.63">4.63°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[791,873,1152,1179]" degrees="9.45" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" precision="555" value="9.45">9.45°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], which actually lies more than
|
||
<quantity box="[266,352,1184,1210]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
NW of Lolodorf. Although the occurrence of the species near the surmised type locality cannot be disproved, it may well be that the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[865,962,1216,1242]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was actually found closer to the second locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="THIELE, J." box="[551,706,1248,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" pagination="280 - 323" refId="ref27748" refString="THIELE, J. 1933. Die von Oskar Neumann in Abessinien gesammelten und einige andere afrikanische Landschnecken. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1933: 280 - 323." type="journal article" year="1933">Thiele (1933)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned Conradt as collector. It appears that Leopold Conradt, who collected especially insects, not only visited the surmised type locality, but also the Lolodorf area where he might have collected the type specimen while capturing, for example, stingless bees using a sweep net (as indicated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="EARDLEY, C. D." box="[172,327,1376,1402]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" pagination="63 - 96" refId="ref27047" refString="EARDLEY, C. D. 2004. Taxonomic revision of the African stingless bees (Apoidea: Apidae: Apinae: Meliponini). African Plant Protection 10: 63 - 96." type="journal article" year="2004">Eardley 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Habitat: Found in a near-primary rainforest at
|
||
<quantity box="[666,795,1416,1443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="450.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="400.0">400–500 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation. Specimens were collected alive from
|
||
<quantity box="[373,443,1448,1475]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
|
||
high understorey vegetation, except for three rather eroded empty shells. The species lives syntopically with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[696,845,1480,1506]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="semenguei">
|
||
<emphasis box="[696,845,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. semenguei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" box="[900,1048,1480,1506]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fruticicola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,1048,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. fruticicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[143,1104,768,1674]" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">
|
||
Remarks:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Winter & Vastenhout" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Thiele" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[255,401,1520,1546]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,401,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1919" box="[662,765,1520,1546]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[662,765,1520,1546]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Avakubia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is readily recognizable by its characteristic elongate shell with tapering spire and acuminate apex. Its attribution to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pilsbry" authorityYear="1919" box="[172,276,1584,1610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Avakubia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,276,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">Avakubia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by a number of shell characters shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Pilsbry" authorityYear="1919" box="[920,1097,1584,1610]" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Gulella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="18" pageNumber="623" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="avakubiensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,1097,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="623">A. avakubiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, some of which may be synapomorphies, notably the beaded spiral sculpture on the protoconch, and the deep-set palatal lamella.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |