398 lines
44 KiB
XML
398 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6643504" approvalRequired="21" approvalRequired_for_document="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1654106955118" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Bybee, Seth M., Kalkman, Vincent J., Erickson, Robert J., Frandsen, Paul B., Breinholt, Jesse W., Suvorov, Anton, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Abbott, John C., Herrera, Melissa Sanchez, Lemmon, Alan R., Lemmon, Emily Moriarty & Ware, Jessica L." docDate="2021" docId="039687E7A862FFDCE433AF2FFAD3E8E6" docLanguage="en" docName="MolPhylogenetEvol.160.107115.pdf" docOrigin="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160" docTitle="Libelluloidea Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFAFFF9FA869FFD7E457AC3AFFA9EC75" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics" masterLastPageNumber="107115" masterPageNumber="107115" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1655236780830" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bybee, Seth M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kalkman, Vincent J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erickson, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Frandsen, Paul B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breinholt, Jesse W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suvorov, Anton</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Abbott, John C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herrera, Melissa Sanchez</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lemmon, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lemmon, Emily Moriarty</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ware, Jessica L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>160</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>107115</mods:start>
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<mods:end>107115</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107115</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6643504</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6604219" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6604219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687E7A862FFDCE433AF2FFAD3E8E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687E7A862FFDCE433AF2FFAD3E8E6" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection box="[100,303,788,808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" box="[100,303,788,808]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading box="[100,303,788,808]" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[100,303,788,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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4.1.12.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[179,303,788,808]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Libelluloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Libelluloidea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[310,653,789,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" box="[310,653,789,809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[310,343,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(BS</emphasis>
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=
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[374,446,789,809]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">100, PP</emphasis>
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=
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[477,527,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1, QS</emphasis>
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=
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[558,653,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">0.81/0/1)</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[132,254,817,836]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Libelluloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Libelluloidea</taxonomicName>
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traditionally includes
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1911" box="[480,627,817,836]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Synthemistidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[640,766,817,836]" class="Insecta" family="Macromiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macromiidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[100,210,845,864]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corduliidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="(Fraser, 1957)" baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[263,520,845,864]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Libellulidae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Fraser, F. C." box="[390,511,845,864]" journalOrPublisher="R. zool. Soc. N. S. W., Sydney" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17492" refString="Fraser, F. C., 1957. A reclassification of the order Odonata. R. zool. Soc. N. S. W., Sydney." title="A reclassification of the order Odonata" type="book" year="1957">Fraser, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and is extremely species rich (~1,500 species). We recover this as a well-supported monophyletic group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Tillyard described
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1911" box="[314,461,929,948]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Synthemistidae</taxonomicName>
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, which were united by synapomorphies both in the nymphal stage (e.g., premental shape, antennal segment number, tibial morphology) and adult stage (e.g., wing venation, male secondary genitalic morphology). However, the family was considered to be variable. Molecular phylogenies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H. & Gottsberger, B. & Ware, J. L." box="[571,743,1040,1060]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Ecol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1340 - 1353" part="25" refId="ref18605" refString="Letsch, H., Gottsberger, B., Ware, J. L., 2016 a. Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification. Mol. Ecol. 25 (6), 1340 - 1353." title="Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification" type="journal article" year="2016">Letsch et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
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ab;
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<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H." box="[100,222,1068,1087]" journalOrPublisher="Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18573" refString="Letsch, H., 2007. Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD). Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn." title="Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD)" type="book" year="2007">Letsch, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Ware, J. & May, M. & Kjer, K." box="[233,396,1068,1088]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="289 - 310" part="45" refId="ref20606" refString="Ware, J., May, M., Kjer, K., 2007. Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 289 - 310." title="Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies" type="journal article" year="2007">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware, 2021" authorityName="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware" authorityYear="2021" box="[233,282,1069,1088]" family="Ware" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="family" status="fam.n.">Ware</taxonomicName>
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et al., 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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) have suggested that the family should be split, with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1959" box="[232,349,1096,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Archaeophya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[232,349,1096,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Archaeophya</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[361,524,1096,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Gomphomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[361,524,1096,1115]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Gomphomacromia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1870" box="[537,628,1096,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synthemis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1917" box="[639,765,1096,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synthemiopsis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1903" box="[100,209,1124,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Eusynthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusynthemis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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often recovered as a clade, with
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1909" box="[519,652,1124,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Austrocordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrocordulia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1959" box="[662,766,1124,1143]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Micromidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micromidia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1911" box="[100,233,1152,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Lathrocordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lathrocordulia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1907" box="[249,358,1152,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Macromidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macromidia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1870" box="[374,487,1152,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Cordulephya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cordulephya</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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recovered either as a paraphyletic group or a separate clade. Here, we recover a fully supported grouping of
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[232,657,1207,1226]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brauer" authorityYear="1864" box="[232,396,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Gomphomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gomphomacromia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1903" box="[415,526,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Eusynthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eusynthemis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1910" box="[544,657,1207,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Choristhemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Choristhemis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Carle" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Parasynthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parasynthemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as clade also recovered by (
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<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H." box="[464,585,1236,1255]" journalOrPublisher="Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18573" refString="Letsch, H., 2007. Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD). Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn." title="Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD)" type="book" year="2007">Letsch, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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) and (
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<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H. & Gottsberger, B. & Ware, J. L." journalOrPublisher="Mol. Ecol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1340 - 1353" part="25" refId="ref18605" refString="Letsch, H., Gottsberger, B., Ware, J. L., 2016 a. Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification. Mol. Ecol. 25 (6), 1340 - 1353." title="Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification" type="journal article" year="2016">Letsch et al., 2016a</bibRefCitation>
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,b).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,421,1263,1282]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1870" box="[195,309,1263,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Cordulephya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cordulephya</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1959" box="[319,421,1263,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Micromidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micromidia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1909" box="[465,596,1263,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Austrocordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[465,596,1263,1282]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Austrocordulia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are also recovered as a monophyletic clade (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1), sister to the remaining libelluloids. Our findings strongly support the idea of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tillyard" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Synthemistidae</taxonomicName>
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as a complex group deserving of extensive data collection, but are unclear regarding the number and arrangement of taxa in this group; hence we await further taxon sampling before naming additional clades in this complex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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We recover
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[249,477,1458,1478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[249,373,1458,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Epophthalmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epophthalmia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1834" box="[386,477,1459,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Macromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macromia</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1878" box="[528,672,1458,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Phyllomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,672,1458,1477]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllomacromia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in a fully supported group (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[642,766,1486,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Epophthalmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epophthalmia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[100,189,1514,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Didymops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Didymops</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pictet" authorityYear="1834" box="[199,290,1514,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Macromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macromia</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1878" box="[335,479,1514,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Phyllomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[335,479,1514,1533]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllomacromia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have routinely been recovered as a monophyletic
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[285,411,1542,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Macromiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macromiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, first by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gloyd, L. K." box="[501,629,1542,1561]" journalOrPublisher="Entomol. News" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="197 - 205" part="70" refId="ref17634" refString="Gloyd, L. K., 1959. Elevation of the Macromia group to family status (Odonata). Entomol. News 70, 197 - 205." title="Elevation of the Macromia group to family status (Odonata)" type="journal article" year="1959">Gloyd (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and again by several molecular studies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bybee, S. M. & Ogden, T. H. & Branham, M. A. & Whiting, M. F." box="[348,516,1570,1590]" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="477 - 514" part="24" refId="ref16610" refString="Bybee, S. M., Ogden, T. H., Branham, M. A., Whiting, M. F., 2008. Molecules, morphology and fossils: a comprehensive approach to odonate phylogeny and the evolution of the odonate wing. Cladistics 24, 477 - 514." title="Molecules, morphology and fossils: a comprehensive approach to odonate phylogeny and the evolution of the odonate wing" type="journal article" year="2008">Bybee et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carle, F. L. & Kjer, K. M. & May, M. L." box="[525,685,1570,1590]" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Syst. Phylogeny" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="281 - 301" part="73" refId="ref16803" refString="Carle, F. L., Kjer, K. M., May, M. L., 2015. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Anisoptera (Odonata). Arthropod Syst. Phylogeny 73, 281 - 301." title="A molecular phylogeny and classification of Anisoptera (Odonata)" type="journal article" year="2015">Carle et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dumont, H. J. & Vierstraete, A. & Vanfleteren, J. R." journalOrPublisher="Syst. Entomol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="6 - 18" part="35" refId="ref17305" refString="Dumont, H. J., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J. R., 2010. A molecular phylogeny of the Odonata (Insecta). Syst. Entomol. 35, 6 - 18." title="A molecular phylogeny of the Odonata (Insecta)" type="journal article" year="2010">Dumont et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H. & Gottsberger, B. & Ware, J. L." box="[224,403,1598,1618]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Ecol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1340 - 1353" part="25" refId="ref18605" refString="Letsch, H., Gottsberger, B., Ware, J. L., 2016 a. Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification. Mol. Ecol. 25 (6), 1340 - 1353." title="Not going with the flow: a comprehensive time-calibrated phylogeny of dragonflies (Anisoptera: Odonata: Insecta) provides evidence for the role of lentic habitats on diversification" type="journal article" year="2016">Letsch et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
ab;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Letsch, H." box="[437,560,1598,1617]" journalOrPublisher="Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18573" refString="Letsch, H., 2007. Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD). Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit¨at Bonn." title="Phylogeny of Anisoptera (Insecta: Odonata): Promises and limitations of a new alignment approach (PhD)" type="book" year="2007">Letsch, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ware, J. & May, M. & Kjer, K." box="[571,738,1598,1618]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="289 - 310" part="45" refId="ref20606" refString="Ware, J., May, M., Kjer, K., 2007. Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 289 - 310." title="Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware, 2021" authorityName="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware" authorityYear="2021" box="[571,620,1599,1618]" family="Ware" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="family" status="fam.n.">Ware</taxonomicName>
|
|
et al., 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, in prep.). Nymphal synapomorphies include the shape and dentition of the prementum, the relative length of the hind legs to body size (giving them a “spider-like” appearance), and a frontal horn between their eyes; adult synapomorphies include the shape and size of the anal loop in the hindwing, eyes with a small protuberance on the lateral edge, and secondary penile characters.
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tillyard" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[350,473,1766,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Macromiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Macromiidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
adults are fast fliers known to patrol long stretches of mainly lotic habitats.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1878" box="[577,721,1793,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Phyllomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[577,721,1793,1812]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phyllomacromia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[100,222,1821,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Epophthalmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[100,222,1821,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Epophthalmia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are recovered as sister taxa; this relationship was suggested by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="May, M. L." box="[196,307,1849,1869]" journalOrPublisher="Odonatologica" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="405 - 414" part="26" refId="ref18728" refString="May, M. L., 1997. Reconsideration of the status of the genera Phyllomacromia and Macromia (Anisoptera: Corduliidae). Odonatologica 26, 405 - 414." title="Reconsideration of the status of the genera Phyllomacromia and Macromia (Anisoptera: Corduliidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">May (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
based on male penile morphology.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="11.[100,770,788,1980]" lastBlockId="11.[818,1488,147,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Even with a limited sampling of corduliids we demonstrate the complexity of the phylogenetic relationships of this group. Nymphs of the family
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[199,309,1933,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corduliidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are difficult to distinguish from
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[608,721,1933,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Libellulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, save for a small number of premental characters (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Tennessen, K. J." box="[596,766,1961,1980]" journalOrPublisher="Springer" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref20190" refString="Tennessen, K. J., 2019. Dragonfly Nymphs of North America. An Identification Guide. Springer." title="Dragonfly Nymphs of North America. An Identification Guide" type="book" year="2019">Tennessen, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Theischinger, G. & Fleck, G." box="[818,1098,148,167]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Soc. Entomol. France" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="409 - 412" part="108" refId="ref20246" refString="Theischinger, G., Fleck, G., 2003. A new character useful for taxonomy and phylogeny of Anisoptera (Odonata). Bull. Soc. Entomol. France 108, 409 - 412." title="A new character useful for taxonomy and phylogeny of Anisoptera (Odonata)" type="journal article" year="2003">Theischinger and Fleck, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ware, J. & May, M. & Kjer, K." box="[1127,1292,148,167]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="289 - 310" part="45" refId="ref20606" refString="Ware, J., May, M., Kjer, K., 2007. Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 289 - 310." title="Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware, 2021" authorityName="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware" authorityYear="2021" box="[1127,1176,148,167]" family="Ware" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="family" status="fam.n.">Ware</taxonomicName>
|
|
et al., 2007
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) recovered
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Aeschnosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aeschnosoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[892,999,175,194]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Pentathemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[892,999,175,194]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pentathemis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
as sister to the remaining
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1248,1360,176,195]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corduliidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; these genera have remarkably similar looking nymphs, with long spines on segment nine, despite having ranges in South America and eastern
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1396,1483,231,250]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
|
, respectively.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fleck, G. & Legrand, J." box="[944,1192,259,278]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="579 - 586" part="3745" refId="ref17346" refString="Fleck, G., Legrand, J., 2013. Notes on the genus Libellulosoma Martin, 1906, and related genera (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae). Zootaxa 3745, 579 - 586." title="Notes on the genus Libellulosoma Martin, 1906, and related genera (Odonata: Anisoptera: Corduliidae)" type="journal article" year="2013">Fleck and Legrand (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
hypothesize that
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1907" box="[1366,1487,259,278]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Libellulosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1366,1487,259,278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Libellulosoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
forms a clade with
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1870" box="[1017,1137,287,306]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Aeschnosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1017,1137,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aeschnosoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[1194,1301,287,306]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Pentathemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1194,1301,287,306]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pentathemis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Here, we recover
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1890" box="[818,925,315,334]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Pentathemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,925,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pentathemis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as sister to the
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1072,1185,315,334]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Libellulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but with low bootstrap support (96%) and among the poorest of QC values (-0.76), suggesting that this relationship needs further investigation before confirmation of this grouping. In the absence of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1882" box="[1088,1196,398,417]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Neocordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1088,1196,398,417]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Neocordulia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Geijskes" authorityYear="1970" box="[1209,1350,399,418]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Lauromacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1209,1350,399,418]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lauromacromia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" box="[1364,1483,398,417]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Idomacromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Idomacromia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1882" box="[818,934,426,445]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Nesocordulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesocordulia</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and other taxa of
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1104,1221,426,446]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
|
, we cannot yet address with confidence the broader composition of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1188,1301,455,474]" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Corduliidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="11.[818,1488,147,1171]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[849,960,482,501]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Libellulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is recovered with full support. However, there is a great amount of discord within the group demonstrated by both the highest concentration and lowest nodal supports across the topology. We recover three extremely poorly supported clades suggesting instead a polytomy among the taxa included in our analyses. However, there are clades within the libellulids that are well supported. The Libellulinae (BS = 100, PP = 0.95, QS = 1/NA/1), a large subfamily is recovered in our analyses and has been consistently recovered in past molecular work.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1875" box="[878,1001,705,724]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[878,1001,705,724]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nannophlebia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1867" box="[1050,1126,706,725]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Zygonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1050,1126,706,725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zygonyx</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
were recovered in a clade previously, and here we find support for their sister relationship (BS = 100, PP = 0.96, QS = 0.92/0/1).
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Ware, J. & May, M. & Kjer, K." box="[1041,1219,761,781]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="289 - 310" part="45" refId="ref20606" refString="Ware, J., May, M., Kjer, K., 2007. Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 289 - 310." title="Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware, 2021" authorityName="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware" authorityYear="2021" box="[1041,1090,762,781]" family="Ware" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="family" status="fam.n.">Ware</taxonomicName>
|
|
et al. (2007)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
found
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1798" box="[1289,1358,761,780]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Pantala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1289,1358,761,780]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Pantala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to be closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1867" box="[922,998,790,809]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Zygonyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[922,998,790,809]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zygonyx</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1875" box="[1053,1176,789,808]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Nannophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1053,1176,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nannophlebia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; here a clade comprising these three taxa is recovered with low QS values (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = -0.46/0/0.97). Past studies have recovered
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1867" box="[1233,1336,845,864]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Rhyothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1233,1336,845,864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhyothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a clade with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sulzer" authorityYear="1776" box="[818,918,873,892]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Sympetrum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,918,873,892]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sympetrum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ware, J. & May, M. & Kjer, K." box="[981,1150,873,892]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Phylogenet. Evol." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="289 - 310" part="45" refId="ref20606" refString="Ware, J., May, M., Kjer, K., 2007. Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 289 - 310." title="Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies" type="journal article" year="2007">
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<taxonomicName authority="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware, 2021" authorityName="Bybee & Kalkman & Erickson & Frandsen & Breinholt & Suvorov & Dijkstra & Cordero-Rivera & Skevington & Abbott & Herrera & Lemmon & Lemmon & Ware" authorityYear="2021" box="[981,1030,873,892]" family="Ware" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="family" status="fam.n.">Ware</taxonomicName>
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|
et al., 2007
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|
</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Herein we also recover this relationship but with the inclusion of never before sequenced
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ris" authorityYear="1909" box="[1372,1487,900,919]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" genus="Austrothemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1372,1487,900,919]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Austrothemis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(BS = 56, PP = 0.75, QS = 0.17/0.33/0.86). The family
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fraser" baseAuthorityYear="1957" box="[1355,1466,929,948]" class="Insecta" family="Libellulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Libellulidae</taxonomicName>
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|
is extremely species rich, comprising well over 1,000 species. Many of the members of this family have an elongated, bisected anal loop in their hind wing, and an oblique vein immediately following the nodus. Their secondary penile characters, and general adult and nymphal morphology strongly support the monophyly of this family. Afurther look at this family with a much expanded taxon sampling is necessary to better understand the complex evolutionary history that certainly represents one of the most rapidly radiating lineages in
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|
<taxonomicName box="[1315,1398,1152,1171]" class="Odonata" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Odonata</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |