702 lines
120 KiB
XML
702 lines
120 KiB
XML
<document id="5B3152FD3A7E7E7E4FDD2C23074B1515" ID-DOI="10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12" ID-ISSN="1639-4798" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8006364" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1685974026623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pace, Marcelo R., Marcati, Carmen R., Lohmann, Lúcia G. & Angyalossy, Veronica" docDate="2023" docId="039687DCFFD9911D8F22C51FFAE4AEA2" docLanguage="en" docName="Adansonia.45.12.167-210.pdf" docOrigin="Adansonia (3) 45 (12)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648.8:Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="2FE19AC740987067EC2A6C89A85F9648" docStyleName="Adansonia.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Adenocalymma" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="196" masterDocId="FFAFFFA4FFC7913D8E1CC261FFBBA94E" masterDocTitle="Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="167" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1686164729893" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="50AF1E0D1DC40A847BEC83115ADB0E8E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D19DC58E00D489E045FEA696165FFE4D">
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<mods:title id="D3F4F5FD61C43597D4F24881355E008A">Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3A7AA7110C7366B247F72F33E932EB75" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CFFD7A2E70C15F4AB0817EEC0E937638">Pace, Marcelo R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9C8375D95D70E5CDFBC8DF75E0ACAA42">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B81A7E22114C7AC72483BADE9CAA9D87">Marcati, Carmen R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="14F3ECA72B33AAA0A79982B17443E8C6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="29D292622577344B126FF47226A540A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="943FEE784F381E4EED217B9A9DE47593">Lohmann, Lúcia G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="E63B15317A5243DB09B113A8B939104B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3DA30FF9411A62D95CCEA924C29E446A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="885FD747FE76FFA678B01231EB44AB4F">Angyalossy, Veronica</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="936C3123CF249425016BB18C3820E4D8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C39E1DEF5E03C6BD9953AF292E33E84">
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<mods:title id="2238328ADA34C19E009BAC8D27D3849A">Adansonia</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="220E72C84B634F2CA4EE2B2FC1A28729">
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<mods:date id="2C9FE331E472C2D755634D290365AC23">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="34271310DE4D0D59E5EC83EA581D17D8" type="series">
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<mods:title id="F826338ADD010680035AAD7F38E16059">3</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="0BA41717F619E283C40FF951AD279B50" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="51E98CF3778AF94990A4E060609F8897">2023-05-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="8DE6536FC0CA2D9E3424F08FD856CD35" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="18F88F4451EF478E9F63D1C307444B93">45</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="15C191630F04025CEF863AEAC05BA70E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="7C40B7E297EE63DA93D984234AC8EA2C">12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="2C6461E97F823012036922A1AAFB1825" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="CCBE41D61EB3F17D4F18A20F09A02B8B">167</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="9B14D403BAF71B4001209E75FFADA52E">210</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7CF563C5B94240352728D8F67513579B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8E99D3A5A14836A01872C0E92DDC8CCA" type="DOI">10.5252/adansonia2023v45a12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="26A050ECC6CC45ED85BFB21A17A6FCD6" type="ISSN">1639-4798</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C58035F9893B28CDA4EDB839E7CE4DDD" type="Zenodo-Dep">8006364</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039687DCFFD9911D8F22C51FFAE4AEA2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687DCFFD9911D8F22C51FFAE4AEA2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687DCFFD9911D8F22C51FFAE4AEA2" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD991238F22C51FFDF0AED6" box="[318,587,1918,1944]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238F22C51FFDF0AED6" blockId="30.[318,587,1918,1944]" box="[318,587,1918,1944]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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XV.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238F6CC51FFDB6AED6" ID-CoL="99JT4" box="[368,525,1918,1944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238F6CC51FFDB6AED6" box="[368,525,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3256541FFD9911D8E98C5D8FAE4AEA2" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238E98C5D8FC45ADD8" blockId="30.[132,775,1977,2027]" lastBlockId="30.[811,1457,1044,1507]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238E98C5D8FF44AE81" baselines="1994,1995" box="[132,255,1977,2000]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Taxonomic" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">TAXONOMIC</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238F19C5DFFE35AE81" baselines="1995" box="[261,398,1982,1999]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="information" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">INFORMATION</smallCapsWord>
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. — This clade contains a single genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238E98C5B2FEA8AEA5" box="[132,275,2003,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238E98C5B2FEA8AEA5" box="[132,275,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with four to multiples of four phloem wedges in transversal section. In the most recent circumscription of the genus (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD991238D29C64EFBFEAD09" author="FONSECA L. H. M. & LOHMANN L. G." box="[821,1093,1070,1095]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" pagination="893 - 912" refId="ref28495" refString="FONSECA L. H. M. & LOHMANN L. G. 2019. - An updated synopsis of Adenocalymma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae): New combinations, synonyms, and lectotypifications. Systematic Botany 44 (4): 893 - 912. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 03636441 9 X 15710776741341" type="journal article" year="2019">Fonseca & Lohmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A47C64FFB50AD08" box="[1115,1259,1070,1094]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A47C64FFB50AD08" box="[1115,1259,1070,1094]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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houses four genera recognized in previous classification systems (see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD991238B32C628FCDBAD35" author="FISCHER E. & THEISEN I. & LOHMANN L. G." pageId="30" pageNumber="195" pagination="9 - 38" refId="ref28319" refString="FISCHER E., THEISEN I. & LOHMANN L. G. 2004. - Bignoniaceae. in KUBITZKI K. & KADEREIT J. K. (eds), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. VII. Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg: 9 - 38." type="book chapter" year="2004">
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Fischer
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B61C62BFA0BAD2F" box="[1405,1456,1097,1121]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFD991238D77C602FC09AD35" box="[875,946,1123,1147]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="4.[132,143,220,237]" captionTargetId="graphics-462@4.[132,1455,417,1315]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. — Past and present taxonomic circunscription of the genera in Bignonieae according to Lohmann (2006). *, Species segregated from Tanaecium to a monophyletic Bignonia; **, species segregrated from Pyrostegia to a monophyletic Cuspidaria." pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Table 1</tableCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238DD5C602FBECAD35" box="[969,1111,1123,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238DD5C602FBECAD35" box="[969,1111,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A79C602FAEBAD35" authority="Sandwith" authorityName="Sandwith" box="[1125,1360,1123,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Gardnerodoxa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A79C602FB51AD35" box="[1125,1258,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Gardnerodoxa</emphasis>
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Sandwith
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B46C605FA0BAD35" box="[1370,1456,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B46C605FA10AD35" box="[1370,1451,1124,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Memora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Memora</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238D4BC61FFC45ADD8" authority="Baill." box="[855,1022,1150,1174]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Neojobertia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238D4BC61FFC7FADD8" box="[855,964,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Neojobertia</emphasis>
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Baill.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C6CFFC6FAD91" blockId="30.[811,1457,1044,1507]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238D31C6CFFCD5AD8A" baselines="1215,1216" box="[813,878,1198,1221]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Total" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">TOTAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238D6FC6D2FC78AD8D" baselines="1215" box="[883,963,1203,1219]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="number" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">NUMBER</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238DD4C6D2FC5AAD8A" baselines="1216" box="[968,993,1203,1220]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD991238DD4C6D2FC5AAD8A" box="[968,993,1203,1220]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">OF</collectionCode>
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</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238DFAC6D2FB97AD8A" baselines="1216" box="[998,1068,1203,1220]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238A2CC6D2FBFEAD8D" baselines="1215" box="[1072,1093,1203,1219]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="in" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">IN</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238A56C6D2FBCEAD8A" baselines="1216" box="[1098,1141,1203,1220]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="this" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">THIS</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238A65C6D2FB0DAD8A" baselines="1216" box="[1145,1206,1203,1220]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="clade" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">CLADE</smallCapsWord>
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. — 76 species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B3BFFD991238B56C6CFFC7DADAE" author="FONSECA L. H. M. & LOHMANN L. G." pageId="30" pageNumber="195" pagination="893 - 912" refId="ref28495" refString="FONSECA L. H. M. & LOHMANN L. G. 2019. - An updated synopsis of Adenocalymma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae): New combinations, synonyms, and lectotypifications. Systematic Botany 44 (4): 893 - 912. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 03636441 9 X 15710776741341" type="journal article" year="2019">Fonseca & Lohmann 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C699FB6FACAD" blockId="30.[811,1457,1044,1507]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238D31C699FC33AC43" baselines="1290,1289" box="[813,904,1272,1296]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Studied" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">STUDIED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D66A016FFD991238D8CC69CFC60AC40" baselines="1290" box="[912,987,1277,1294]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="species" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
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. — 13 species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A96C696FB89AC64" authority="(Sandwith) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Sandwith" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophorum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A96C696FA0BAC41" box="[1162,1456,1271,1295]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma adenophorum</emphasis>
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(Sandwith) L.G.Lohmann
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A27C773FBD3AC0A" authority="(Faria & Proenca) L. H. Fonseca & L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. H. Fonseca & L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Faria & Proenca" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alboaurantiacum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A27C773FB43AC64" box="[1083,1272,1298,1322]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. alboaurantiacum</emphasis>
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(Faria & Proença) L.H.Fonseca & L.G. Lohmann
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A69C74CFA34AC0B" authority="(Cham.) DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Cham." box="[1141,1423,1324,1349]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Amphilophium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A69C74CFB46AC0A" box="[1141,1277,1324,1348]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. bracteatum</emphasis>
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(Cham.) DC.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B87C74CFBF8AC11" authority="(Cham.) Miers." authorityName="Miers." baseAuthorityName="Cham." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acutissimum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B87C74CFC1AAC11" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. acutissimum</emphasis>
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(Cham.) Miers.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A50C726FA99AC11" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[1100,1314,1351,1375]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A50C726FB60AC11" box="[1100,1243,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
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Miers.
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B37C726FBBAAC37" authority="(Miq.) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Miq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B37C726FA14AC11" box="[1323,1455,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
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(Miq.) L.G.Lohmann
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A1BC703FA2BAC37" authority="(A. Samp.) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="A. Samp." box="[1031,1424,1377,1401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longilineum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A1BC703FB2BAC37" box="[1031,1168,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. longilineum</emphasis>
|
|
(A. Samp.) L.G.Lohmann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B86C703FAB3ACDA" authority="(Sandiwth) L. H. Fonseca & L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. H. Fonseca & L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Sandiwth" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B86C703FCC1ACDA" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
|
(Sandiwth) L.H.Fonseca & L.G.Lohmann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B12C71DFBBDACE0" authority="(Silva Manso) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Silva Manso" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B12C71DFACEACDA" box="[1294,1397,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
(Silva Manso) L.G.Lohmann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A10C7F6FAD6ACE0" authority="(Miers.) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="Miers." box="[1036,1389,1430,1454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A10C7F6FB37ACE0" box="[1036,1164,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
(Miers.) L.G.Lohmann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B69C7F6FC51AC87" authority="J. C. Gomes" authorityName="J. C. Gomes" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B69C7F6FCC7AC86" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
J.C.Gomes
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238DEEC7D0FA11AC87" authority="(A. H. Gentry) L. G. Lohmann" authorityName="L. G. Lohmann" baseAuthorityName="A. H. Gentry" box="[1010,1450,1457,1481]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tanaeciicarpum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238DEEC7D0FB2DAC86" box="[1010,1174,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. tanaeciicarpum</emphasis>
|
|
(A.H.Gentry) L.G.Lohmann
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238D4BC7AAFB6FACAD" authority="(K. Schum.) L. G. Lohmann." box="[855,1236,1483,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238D4BC7AAFC7AACAD" box="[855,961,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
(K.Schum.) L.G.Lohmann.
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C472FC77AF63" blockId="30.[811,1455,1555,1677]" box="[813,972,1555,1581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD991238D31C472FC77AF63" box="[813,972,1555,1581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238D31C472FC77AF63" box="[813,972,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Regular phloem</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C452FB00AFC3" blockId="30.[811,1455,1555,1677]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
|
|
Thin to thick fiber bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD991238A23C452FB27AF03" box="[1087,1180,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD991238AB9C452FB6DAF03" box="[1189,1238,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">18A</figureCitation>
|
|
), assemblages absent or present (present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A0DC432FA9CAF23" box="[1041,1319,1619,1645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A0DC432FA9CAF23" box="[1041,1319,1619,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma bracteatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238B29C432FCECAFC3" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238B29C432FCECAFC3" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238D79C412FC43AFC3" box="[869,1016,1651,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238D79C412FC43AFC3" box="[869,1016,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A29C412FB11AFC3" box="[1077,1194,1651,1677]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A29C412FB11AFC3" box="[1077,1194,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C4D2FC76AF82" blockId="30.[811,1457,1714,2028]" box="[813,973,1714,1740]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD991238D31C4D2FC76AF82" box="[813,973,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238D31C4D2FC76AF82" box="[813,973,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Variant phloem</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD991238D31C4B3FA85AEA2" blockId="30.[811,1457,1714,2028]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
|
|
The variant phloem of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A08C4B3FB16AFA2" box="[1044,1197,1746,1772]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A08C4B3FB16AFA2" box="[1044,1197,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is by far the most diverse in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238D59C493FC7BAE42" box="[837,960,1778,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Bignonieae">Bignonieae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In fact, besides from the wedge number, either four or in multiples of four,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238A4AC573FAF8AE62" box="[1110,1347,1810,1836]" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238A4AC573FB48AE62" box="[1110,1267,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
|
|
species
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can range from non-fibrous, semi-fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD991238A8EC553FB48AE02" box="[1170,1267,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
|
) to fibrous, with axial elements ranging from radially to tangentially arranged, sometimes with radial groups of 2-3 sieve tiubes (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD991238B5EC513FA19AEC2" box="[1346,1442,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
|
), sometimes in clusters. Given the high diversity of the secondary phloem of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD991238DD6C5D3FBDCAE82" box="[970,1127,1970,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="195" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD991238DD6C5D3FBDCAE82" box="[970,1127,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="195">Adenocalymma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, we here divide them in three distinct groups based on their phloem structures.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C2B6FD9EA9BF" blockId="31.[132,775,215,338]" box="[132,549,215,242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C2B6FD9EA9BF" bold="true" box="[132,549,215,242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Group 1: Non-fibrous
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F60C2B6FD9EA9BF" box="[380,549,215,241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenocalymma</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C299FDC2A81C" blockId="31.[132,775,215,338]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Six of the analyzed species were included in this group:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228CFEC299FE1CA87F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228CFEC299FE1CA87F" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma adenophorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228FA4C379FDEFA87F" box="[440,596,279,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228FA4C379FDEFA87F" box="[440,596,279,306]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. bracteatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C79C379FD44A87F" box="[613,767,279,306]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C79C379FD44A87F" box="[613,767,279,306]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228E98C359FEA6A81F" box="[132,285,311,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longilineum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C359FEA6A81F" box="[132,285,311,338]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. longilineum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F36C359FE18A81F" box="[298,419,311,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228F36C359FE18A81F" box="[298,419,311,338]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228FC3C359FDC9A81F" box="[479,626,312,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228FC3C359FDC9A81F" box="[479,626,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C316FED9A8BF" blockId="31.[130,775,375,497]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C316FE32A8DF" bold="true" box="[132,393,375,401]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">General configuration.</emphasis>
|
|
Non-fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C31C316FD2AA8DF" box="[557,657,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
|
), with approximately 7-13 rows of sieve tubes and phloem parenchyma between fiber bands. The axial elements present a radial to diffuse arrangement.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C077FD44AA5E" blockId="31.[130,776,534,784]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C077FED8AB7F" bold="true" box="[132,355,534,561]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
|
|
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with 2 companion cells, one at each corner of the sieve element (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228F44C037FE0FAB3F" box="[344,436,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
|
). The sieve elements are generally in multiples of 2-3, sometimes solitary (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C3EC017FD3AABDE" box="[546,641,630,656]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Sieve tubes of narrower radial diameter are present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C3AC0F6FD20ABFE" box="[550,667,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C3AC0F6FD20ABFE" box="[550,667,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
associated with a tangential parenchyma band. As seen in longitudinal section, the sieve elements are short (<
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD891228C3BC0B7FDD2ABBE" box="[551,617,726,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and their end walls are inclined, bearing sieve plates with 7-14 sieve areas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C154FEF3AAFE" blockId="31.[132,775,821,944]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C154FEF5AA1E" bold="true" box="[132,334,821,848]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
|
|
The phloem parenchyma intermingles all other cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228F1CC134FEC5AA3E" box="[256,382,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228FDEC134FD82AA21" box="[450,569,853,879]" form="radial" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" rank="form">form radial</taxonomicName>
|
|
rows of 3-5 cells at certain portions.
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD891228F20C117FEF6AADE" box="[316,333,886,912]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
|
tangential band is also present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228CA2C114FEFAAAE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228CA2C114FEFAAAE1" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C1B4FCBCAAA1" blockId="31.[132,775,981,1008]" box="[132,775,981,1008]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD891228E98C1B4FCBCAAA1" box="[132,775,981,1008]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" reason="7">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C1B4FF76AAA1" bold="true" box="[132,205,981,1007]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fibers.</emphasis>
|
|
Fiber bands of 2-5 rows of cells are present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C81C1B4FD41AAA1" box="[669,762,981,1007]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C674FE91ADE0" blockId="31.[131,777,1045,1198]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C674FF04AD61" bold="true" box="[132,191,1045,1071]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Rays.</emphasis>
|
|
The limiting rays are lignified only to the xylem face. The wedge rays are non-lignified, except when crossing the fiber bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228F13C634FED5AD21" box="[271,366,1109,1135]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
|
) and except in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C00C634FD0EAD21" box="[540,693,1109,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longilineum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C00C634FD0EAD21" box="[540,693,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. longilineum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which present portions of the rays lignified even when not touching the fiber bands.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C6B5FE66ACC0" blockId="31.[132,777,1236,1422]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C6B5FF5DADA0" bold="true" box="[132,230,1236,1262]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Crystals.</emphasis>
|
|
Crystals are absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228FF9C6B5FD44ADA0" box="[485,767,1236,1262]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228FF9C6B5FD44ADA0" box="[485,767,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Prismatic crystals are present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228FC3C695FD31AC40" box="[479,650,1268,1294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228FC3C695FD31AC40" box="[479,650,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. adenophorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C84C695FF0BAC60" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C84C695FF0BAC60" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228EA3C775FEE2AC60" box="[191,345,1300,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longilineum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228EA3C775FEE2AC60" box="[191,345,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. longilineum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F8EC775FDB0AC60" box="[402,523,1300,1326]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228F8EC775FDB0AC60" box="[402,523,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, being restricted to the ray cells crossing the fiber bands in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C17C755FD03AC00" box="[523,696,1332,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C17C755FD03AC00" box="[523,696,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. adenophorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228CEDC755FF4CAC20" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228CEDC755FF4CAC20" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and being scattered and rare in phloem and ray parenchyma cells of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F41C715FE6DACC0" box="[349,470,1396,1422]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nodosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228F41C715FE6DACC0" box="[349,470,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. nodosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C7D2FD91AC83" blockId="31.[132,776,1459,1550]" box="[132,554,1459,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C7D2FD91AC83" bold="true" box="[132,554,1459,1485]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Group 2: Semi-fibrous
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F9DC7D2FD91AC83" box="[385,554,1459,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenocalymma</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C7B2FD5BAF40" blockId="31.[132,776,1459,1550]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Three of the analyzed species were included in this group:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228E9AC792FE38AF43" box="[134,387,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E9AC792FE38AF43" box="[134,387,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma comosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228F8EC795FDB0AF43" box="[402,523,1523,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228F8EC795FDB0AF43" box="[402,523,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. mirabilis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C5BC795FD63AF43" box="[583,728,1523,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C5BC795FD63AF43" box="[583,728,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C452FDFEAFC3" blockId="31.[131,775,1587,1677]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C452FEC7AF03" bold="true" box="[132,380,1587,1613]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">General configuration.</emphasis>
|
|
Semi-fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C06C452FD23AF03" box="[538,664,1587,1614]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228CB8C452FD68AF03" box="[676,723,1587,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">18E</figureCitation>
|
|
), exhibiting wavy fiber bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228F81C432FE41AF23" box="[413,506,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C18C432FD8FAF23" box="[516,564,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">18E</figureCitation>
|
|
). The axial elements show a tangential arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228FC6C412FD82AFC3" box="[474,569,1651,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C4D3FD44AEC2" blockId="31.[130,776,1714,1932]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C4D3FED8AF83" bold="true" box="[132,355,1714,1741]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
|
|
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with one companion cell. The sieve elements are generally in multiples of 2-3 (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228C4AC493FD0DAE42" box="[598,694,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
|
), rarely solitary, with sieve elements in both radial and tangential rows, sometimes in clusters (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228FB0C553FDB2AE02" box="[428,521,1842,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
|
). As seen in longitudinal section, the sieve elements are short (<
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD891228C38C533FDDDAE22" box="[548,614,1874,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and their end walls are inclined, bearing sieve plates with 7-12 sieve areas.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228E98C5D0FCBCAEA2" blockId="31.[132,775,1969,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228E98C5D0FEF5AE82" bold="true" box="[132,334,1969,1996]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
|
|
The phloem parenchyma forms the
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD891228CD0C5D3FCBCAEA2" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" reason="4">
|
|
background tissue (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228F31C5B0FE2BAEA2" box="[301,400,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
|
), it is complete in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228C75C5B3FCBBAEA5" box="[617,768,2001,2028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228C75C5B3FCBBAEA5" box="[617,768,2001,2028]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C2B9FC69A87F" blockId="31.[813,1456,216,306]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
and without this arrangement in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228A82C2B9FAA7A9BC" box="[1182,1308,216,242]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228A82C2B9FAA7A9BC" box="[1182,1308,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. comosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. In addition, radial rows of 4-7 cells of phloem parenchyma are present in some places.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C336FBFCA8DF" blockId="31.[813,1455,343,402]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C336FCCDA83F" bold="true" box="[813,886,343,369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fibers.</emphasis>
|
|
Fiber bands wavy, in some portions thicker than in others (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228D63C316FC44A8DF" box="[895,1023,375,402]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228A17C316FB80A8DF" box="[1035,1083,375,401]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">18E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C3D6FAFEAB5F" blockId="31.[813,1456,439,529]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C3D6FCD2A89F" bold="true" box="[813,873,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Rays.</emphasis>
|
|
The limiting rays are lignified only to the xylem face. The wedge rays can be non-lignified or lignified, especially when crossing the fiber bands (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228A60C396FB46AB5F" box="[1148,1277,503,529]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17B, C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228B14C396FA83AB5F" box="[1288,1336,503,529]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">18E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C057FC31ABFF" blockId="31.[811,1456,566,689]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C057FC31AB1E" bold="true" box="[813,906,566,592]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Crystals.</emphasis>
|
|
Crystals are very abundant, being styloid and acicular
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD891228D37C037FC31ABFF" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" reason="4">
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D54C036FC78AB3E" ID-CoL="99KHN" box="[840,963,599,625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D54C036FC78AB3E" box="[840,963,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. comosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, prismatic to styloid in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228AA1C036FA89AB3E" box="[1213,1330,598,625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228AA1C036FA89AB3E" box="[1213,1330,598,625]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228B5DC037FA1AAB3F" box="[1345,1441,598,625]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17C</figureCitation>
|
|
), prismatic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228DA9C016FBF3ABDE" box="[949,1096,630,657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228DA9C016FBF3ABDE" box="[949,1096,630,657]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and prismatic and acicular in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228B84C016FC38ABFE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228B84C016FC38ABFE" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C0B7FB25ABBE" blockId="31.[813,1456,726,816]" box="[813,1182,726,752]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C0B7FB25ABBE" bold="true" box="[813,1182,726,752]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Group 3: Fibrous
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228DEFC0B7FB25ABBE" box="[1011,1182,726,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenocalymma</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C097FA14AA7E" blockId="31.[813,1456,726,816]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
Three of the analyzed species were included in this group:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D32C177FBD0AA7E" box="[814,1131,790,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alboaurantiacum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D32C177FBD0AA7E" box="[814,1131,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228A6AC177FABCAA7E" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[1142,1287,790,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228A6AC177FABCAA7E" box="[1142,1287,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228B26C177FA1CAA7E" box="[1338,1447,790,816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228B26C177FA1CAA7E" box="[1338,1447,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C134FB84AA81" blockId="31.[813,1455,853,976]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C134FB97AA21" bold="true" box="[813,1068,853,879]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">General configuration.</emphasis>
|
|
Fibrous (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228A85C134FAFAAA3E" box="[1177,1345,853,880]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
), presenting a matrix of fibers in which all other cells are embedded (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228D2AC1F4FC66AAE1" box="[822,989,917,944]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
). The axial elements show a tangential arrangement (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228DACC1D4FB8AAA81" box="[944,1073,949,976]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D, F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C194FBF8ADA1" blockId="31.[811,1456,1013,1263]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C194FBB6AD41" bold="true" box="[813,1037,1013,1039]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Sieve-tube elements.</emphasis>
|
|
As seen in transverse section, each sieve element is associated with one companion cell, sometimes two in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D56C654FC7BAD01" box="[842,960,1077,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D56C654FC7BAD01" box="[842,960,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, one in each corner of the sieve element. The sieve elements occur in multiples of 2-3, sometimes solitary (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228D2AC615FC2AADC1" box="[822,913,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
|
). As seen in longitudinal section, the sieve elements are short (<
|
|
<quantity id="4CC79B2FFFD891228DB1C6F4FC54ADE1" box="[941,1007,1173,1199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
|
) and their end walls are inclined, bearing sieve plates with 7-10 sieve areas. Reticulated sieve plates are present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D82C6B4FB87ADA0" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[926,1084,1236,1263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D82C6B4FB87ADA0" box="[926,1084,1236,1263]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C775FB03ACE3" blockId="31.[813,1456,1300,1454]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C775FC47AC60" bold="true" box="[813,1020,1300,1326]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Axial parenchyma.</emphasis>
|
|
The phloem parenchyma is sieve-tube-centric incomplete in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228A3BC755FB24AC00" box="[1063,1183,1332,1358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228A3BC755FB24AC00" box="[1063,1183,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, complete in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228B23C755FC20AC20" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alboaurantiacum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228B23C755FC20AC20" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. alboaurantiacum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228DB1C735FBB4AC20" box="[941,1039,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
|
), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228A46C735FB47AC20" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[1114,1276,1364,1390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228A46C735FB47AC20" box="[1114,1276,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Radial rows of phloem parenchyma can be also detected alternating with sieve elements and near the ray cells.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C7B2FBA8AF63" blockId="31.[812,1455,1491,1581]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C7B2FCCDACA3" bold="true" box="[813,886,1491,1517]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fibers.</emphasis>
|
|
A matrix of fibers is present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228AA5C7B2FAE1ACA3" box="[1209,1370,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D, F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
). Fibers are more abundant in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228A07C795FB03AF43" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[1051,1208,1523,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228A07C795FB03AF43" box="[1051,1208,1523,1550]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228AD4C792FA92AF43" box="[1224,1321,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
|
) than in the other species studied.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C432FABEAF83" blockId="31.[813,1455,1619,1741]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C432FCD2AF23" bold="true" box="[813,873,1619,1645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Rays.</emphasis>
|
|
The limiting rays are lignified only to the xylem face, but with some portions lignified also to the phloem face (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228D2AC4F2FC21AFE3" box="[822,922,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
|
). The wedge rays have randomly alternating portions lignified and non-lignified (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228A88C4D3FB43AF83" box="[1172,1272,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C493FB87AE22" blockId="31.[813,1455,1778,1901]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C493FC36AE42" bold="true" box="[813,909,1778,1804]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Crystals.</emphasis>
|
|
All species in this group present crystals in the ray
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD891228D31C573FB87AE22" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" reason="4">
|
|
cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228D72C573FC48AE62" box="[878,1011,1810,1837]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
). They are prismatic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228B19C572FA13AE62" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[1285,1448,1810,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228B19C572FA13AE62" box="[1285,1448,1810,1837]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, prismatic in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228DA2C553FBEDAE02" box="[958,1110,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228DA2C553FBEDAE02" box="[958,1110,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and prismatic and acicular in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D33C533FC18AE22" box="[815,931,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D33C533FC18AE22" box="[815,931,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228DAEC533FB94AE22" box="[946,1071,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1557,1574]" captionTargetBox="[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetId="figure-173@32.[132,1456,215,1517]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 18. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma: A-G, transverse sections; A, Adenocalymma bracteatum, thin fiber bands. Single periderm with a thin-walled phellem,and a thick-walled phelloderm; B, Adenocalymma flaviflorum variant phloem.Non-fibrous,sieve tubes in radial multiples of 2 till 5 cells.Rays lignify when crossing the fiber bands; C, Detail of the variant phloem of Adenocalymma flaviflorum. Sieve tubes typically with two companion cells, each lying on a different corner.Axial parenchyma as the background tissue; D, Adenocalymma divaricatum variant phloem.Fibrous-phloem.Sieve tubes in tangential arrangement. Rays with portions lignified and non-lignified; E, Adenocalymma comosum variant phloem.Semi-fibrous phloem. U-shaped fiber bands. Sieve tubes in radial multiples of two to three cells, rarely solitary; F, G, Adenocalymma alboaurantiacum variant phloem. Fibrous-phloem. Sieve tubes with a tangential arrangement. Rays sometimes lignify when crossing the fiber bands. Axial parenchyma sieve-tube-centric. Crystals abundant; G, detail of the styloid crystals in rays (arrowhead). Prismatic crystals also present.Abbreviations:cz, cambial zone;pe, periderm;x, secondary xylem.Scale bars:A,D, 200 μm; B,E, 150 μm;C,G,50 μm;F, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006416/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 18F, G</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD891228D31C5F3FC30AEE2" blockId="31.[813,1456,1938,2028]" box="[813,907,1938,1964]" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<heading id="D0C881A6FFD891228D31C5F3FC30AEE2" box="[813,907,1938,1964]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" reason="4">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D31C5F3FC30AEE2" box="[813,907,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Periderm</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B8036CAFFD8911D8D31C5D3FAE4AEA2" blockId="31.[813,1456,1938,2028]" lastBlockId="32.[811,1456,1810,2028]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<collectionCode id="ED2EAE0FFFD891228D31C5D3FC85AE82" box="[813,830,1970,1996]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
|
single periderm is formed (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFD891228A75C5D3FB73AE82" box="[1129,1224,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
|
) in all species, except for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFD891228D4DC5B0FBDFAEA5" box="[849,1124,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFD891228D4DC5B0FBDFAEA5" box="[849,1124,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="196">Adenocalymma flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which also forms a rhytidome. The phellem can be non-stratified and evenly thin-walled in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8E99C553FEADAE02" box="[133,278,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8E99C553FEADAE02" box="[133,278,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. bracteatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8F56C553FE61AE02" box="[330,474,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8F56C553FE61AE02" box="[330,474,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or non-stratified and evenly thick-walled in
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8F3DC533FD81AE22" box="[289,570,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8F3DC533FE27AE22" box="[289,412,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">A. comosum</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8FBFC533FD81AE22" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[419,570,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">A. divaricatum</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8C5BC533FD6FAE22" box="[583,724,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8C5BC533FD6FAE22" box="[583,724,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8E9EC513FEABAEC2" box="[130,272,1906,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8E9EC513FEABAEC2" box="[130,272,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFE7911D8F3CC513FED7AEC2" box="[288,364,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
). The phellem is stratified in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8C88C513FCBEAEC2" box="[660,773,1906,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8C88C513FCBEAEC2" box="[660,773,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8EA8C5F3FE92AEE2" box="[180,297,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8EA8C5F3FE92AEE2" box="[180,297,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with alternating thin and thick-walled cells (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFE7911D8E91C5D3FF5CAE82" box="[141,231,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Fig.17A</figureCitation>
|
|
). In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8F12C5D3FE42AE82" box="[270,505,1970,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8F12C5D3FE42AE82" box="[270,505,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Adenocalymma validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, there is also an alternation of cells with dark content and cells without any conspicuous content. The phelloderm is non-stratified (
|
|
<figureCitation id="13042A4FFFE7911D8AFDC573FA86AE62" box="[1249,1341,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[132,143,869,886]" captionTargetBox="[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetId="figure-533@30.[131,1456,215,826]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 17. — Secondary phloem of Adenocalymma mirabile: A-C, Adenocalymma mirabile transverse-sections; A, regular phloem. Thin to thick fiber bands. Periderm with stratified phellem, with alternating thin and thick-walled, lignified cells. Phelloderm thick, with over 3 cell layers; B, overall view of the variant phloem. Non-fibrous to semi-fibrous phloem. Fiber bands thin to thick, U-shaped in several portions. Limiting ray lignified to both xylem and phloem face; C, detail of the variant phloem. Rays alternate in being lignified or not. Prismatic crystals present in rays (arrowheads). Sieve tubes in short radial or tangential multiples. Abbreviations: pe, periderm; x, secondary xylem. Scale bars: A, C, 200 μm; B, 300 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8006414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8006414/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
|
), thin in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8B8AC572FC31AE02" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8B8AC572FC31AE02" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. comosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8DA5C553FBF3AE02" box="[953,1096,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8DA5C553FBF3AE02" box="[953,1096,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, or thick-walled, in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8B04C553FA1DAE02" box="[1304,1446,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8B04C553FA1DAE02" box="[1304,1446,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. bracteatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8D31C533FC7DAE22" authorityName="Miers, Udulutsch" authorityYear="2808" box="[813,966,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="divaricatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8D31C533FC7DAE22" box="[813,966,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. divaricatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8DCEC533FBDAAE22" box="[978,1121,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8DCEC533FBDAAE22" box="[978,1121,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8A71C533FB5BAE22" box="[1133,1248,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8A71C533FB5BAE22" box="[1133,1248,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. mirabile</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8AF7C533FAC0AE22" box="[1259,1403,1874,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8AF7C533FAC0AE22" box="[1259,1403,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8D37C513FC26AEC2" box="[811,925,1906,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8D37C513FC26AEC2" box="[811,925,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. validum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFE7911D8DB1C513FC41AEC2" box="[941,1018,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
|
). Lenticels are stratified in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8B0EC513FC31AEE2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8B0EC513FC31AEE2" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Adenocalymma comosum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8D84C5F3FB97AEE2" box="[920,1068,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peregrinum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8D84C5F3FB97AEE2" box="[920,1068,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. peregrinum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8A26C5F3FB77AEE2" box="[1082,1228,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="salmoneum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8A26C5F3FB77AEE2" box="[1082,1228,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. salmoneum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8B17C5F3FA3AAEE2" box="[1291,1409,1938,1964]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="validum">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8B17C5F3FA3AAEE2" box="[1291,1409,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. validum</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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and non-stratified, with unlignified filling tissue in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8B03C5D3FA14AE82" box="[1311,1455,1970,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flaviflorum">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8B03C5D3FA14AE82" box="[1311,1455,1970,1996]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. flaviflorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6BD0371FFE7911D8D2AC5B0FC3EAEA2" box="[822,901,2001,2028]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[506,517,219,236]" captionTargetId="graphics-35@6.[132,1455,651,2022]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. — Description of the periderm of the lianas of Bignoniaceae." pageId="32" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
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). Lenticels were not observed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D49FFE7911D8AF8C5B3FAE3AEA5" box="[1252,1368,2001,2028]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Adenocalymma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="32" pageNumber="197" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirabile">
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<emphasis id="B94BEAD8FFE7911D8AF8C5B3FAE3AEA5" box="[1252,1368,2001,2028]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="197">A. mirabile</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |