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<document id="8169A4386B124AB66CC66C0127BA7B7D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274748" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e687202a-a625-4aab-94de-312277c7e3fb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274748" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461047074832" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Aarvik, Leif &amp; Karisch, Timm" docDate="2009" docId="039687B6FFA3FFF7FF6E5928FD864DAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02026p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2026" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Multiquaestia Karisch 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFAFFFCEFFA2FFF4FFF95853FFB14F5D" masterDocTitle="Revision of Multiquaestia Karisch (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698577463540" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FC114F376A7F8EBE29696F63FC39699F">Revision of Multiquaestia Karisch (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Grapholitini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="85A2BADF0438D0AC71568354D8F3211A">Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="585ECB51570F5822BC817437DE437376">Karisch, Timm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="16C57F252343FE110525233EBCA2FA8D">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039687B6FFA3FFF7FF6E5928FD864DAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216207" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611104" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6216207" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687B6FFA3FFF7FF6E5928FD864DAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687B6FFA3FFF7FF6E5928FD864DAB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C325652BFFA3FFF5FF6E5928FDFB4EC8" box="[151,586,379,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF5FF6E5928FDFB4EC8" blockId="1.[151,586,379,406]" box="[151,586,379,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0C881CCFFA3FFF5FF6E5928FDFB4EC8" bold="true" box="[151,586,379,406]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5928FDFB4EC8" bold="true" box="[151,586,379,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF17592FFDFB4EC8" ID-CoL="B3K3G" authority="Karisch, 2005" authorityName="Karisch" authorityYear="2005" box="[238,586,379,406]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF17592FFE274ECB" bold="true" box="[238,406,380,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FE645928FDFB4EC8" author="Karisch" box="[413,586,379,405]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Karisch, T. (2005) Ein neuer Wickler aus Angola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae). Lambillionea, CV, 500 - 502." type="book chapter" year="2005">Karisch, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652BFFA3FFF5FF6E5996FBC34E81" box="[151,1138,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF5FF6E5996FBC34E81" blockId="1.[151,1138,453,476]" box="[151,1138,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F118EFFA3FFF5FF6E5996FBC34E81" box="[151,1138,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF6E5996FDB14E81" ID-CoL="B3K3G" authority="Karisch, 2005: 500" authorityName="Karisch" authorityPageNumber="500" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,512,453,476]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5996FE9A4E81" box="[151,299,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10B1FFA3FFF5FECB5996FDB14E81" author="Karisch" box="[306,512,453,476]" page="500" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FECB5996FE7A4E81" author="Karisch" box="[306,459,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Karisch, T. (2005) Ein neuer Wickler aus Angola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae). Lambillionea, CV, 500 - 502." type="book chapter" year="2005">Karisch, 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 500
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54848802FFA3FFF5FDF35996FD8E4E81" box="[522,575,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD585996FBDF4E81" ID-CoL="B3XJG" authority="Karisch, 2005" authorityName="Karisch" authorityYear="2005" box="[673,1134,453,476]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albimaculana">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD585996FC7F4E81" box="[673,974,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia albimaculana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FC2C5996FBDF4E81" author="Karisch" box="[981,1134,453,476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Karisch, T. (2005) Ein neuer Wickler aus Angola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae). Lambillionea, CV, 500 - 502." type="book chapter" year="2005">Karisch, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652BFFA3FFF5FF6E5A58FE564A91" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF5FF6E5A58FABF4CDF" blockId="1.[151,1437,523,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5A58FEA84D78" bold="true" box="[151,281,523,549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The characteristic forewing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD095A5FFC274D78" box="[752,918,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD095A5FFC274D78" box="[752,918,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the two white marks on the dorsum – interconnected in some species – is not unique to this genus. It occurs in at least two other genera within Olethreutinae:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FEB05A0AFD734D2E" authority="Diakonoff, 1970" authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1970" box="[329,706,601,627]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dracontogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FEB05A0AFE444D2F" box="[329,501,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Dracontogena</emphasis>
Diakonoff, 1970
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD055A0AFBA04D2E" authority="Hubner, 1816" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1816" box="[764,1041,601,627]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Epinotia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD055A0AFCD34D2F" box="[764,866,601,626]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Epinotia</emphasis>
Hübner, 1816
</taxonomicName>
. The former genus is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF6E5AD3FE964DC7" box="[151,295,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Grapholitini">Grapholitini</taxonomicName>
and the latter to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FE085AD3FDC24DC7" box="[497,627,640,666]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucosmini">Eucosmini</taxonomicName>
. On the African continent confusion with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FB9F5AD3FAA14DC4" box="[1126,1296,640,665]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dracontogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FB9F5AD3FAA14DC4" box="[1126,1296,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Dracontogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is possible, but members of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FE985AF4FDA04D9D" box="[353,529,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dracontogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FE985AF4FDA04D9D" box="[353,529,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Dracontogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally larger and more robust.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FC135AF4FA294D9D" authority="Meyrick, 1928" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1928" box="[1002,1432,678,704]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Eucosma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deltozyga">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FC135AF4FB664D9D" box="[1002,1239,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Eucosma deltozyga</emphasis>
Meyrick, 1928
</taxonomicName>
, placed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FEEF5A9EFDD64DBA" author="Razowski" box="[278,615,717,743]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Razowski, J. &amp; Kruger, M. (2007) An illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Tortricidae in the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterologia, 35, 103 - 179." type="journal article" year="2007">Razowski &amp; Krüger (2007)</bibRefCitation>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD765A9EFB2A4DBA" authority="Danilevsky &amp; Kuznetzov, 1968" authorityName="Danilevsky &amp; Kuznetzov" authorityYear="1968" box="[655,1179,717,743]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Fulcrifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD765A9EFCBD4DBB" box="[655,780,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fulcrifera</emphasis>
Danilevsky &amp; Kuznetzov, 1968
</taxonomicName>
, probably belongs to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF6E5AA7FEF64C50" box="[151,327,756,781]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dracontogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5AA7FEF64C50" box="[151,327,756,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Dracontogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as well. Most species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD7B5AA7FC9D4C50" box="[642,812,756,781]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD7B5AA7FC9D4C50" box="[642,812,756,781]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the terminal 2/5 of the forewing ochreous or yellowish in contrast with the rest of the forewing. The only exception is
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FBF25B49FB3D4C6E" box="[1035,1164,794,819]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fibigeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FBF25B49FB3D4C6E" box="[1035,1164,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">M. fibigeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27857C9FFA3FFF5FB6D5B49FB654C69" box="[1172,1236,794,820]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The presence of unique male sexual characters in both genera serves to eliminate any potential confusion. Females of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF6E5B3BFE8B4CDC" box="[151,314,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5B3BFE8B4CDC" box="[151,314,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ structurally from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FDAF5B3BFD4E4CDC" box="[598,767,872,897]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dracontogena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FDAF5B3BFD4E4CDC" box="[598,767,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Dracontogena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the sclerotised anterior edge of sternite 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF5FF3F5BDDFE564A91" blockId="1.[151,1437,523,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF3F5BDDFEC54CF5" bold="true" box="[198,372,910,936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Redescription</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FE715BDCFE764CF5" box="[392,455,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13042A25FFA3FFF5FE245BDDFD964CF5" box="[477,551,910,936]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Morphological structures in adult Multiquaestia. 1. Head in lateral view of Multiquaestia iringana n. sp. 2. Venation of M. albimaculana Karisch. 3. Dorsal view of male abdomen of M. iringana n. sp. showing hair-pencil from edge of hind wing to cover of raised scales on dorsal side of abdomen. 4. The same as 3, but with the pencil exposed and spread. 5. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. skulei n. sp. showing modified hair-scales on tergites 4 and 5. 6. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. iringana n. sp. showing coremata and structure of sternite 8 (S 8), tergum 8 (T 8) and intersegmental ventral sclerite (IS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): Rough scaled, frontal scaling protruding. Labial palpus 1.5–2.0 times diameter of eye, triangular in lateral view owing to scaling on second segment; third segment nearly concealed by scaling in some species. Antenna with short setae, scape with dense scaling. Haustellum short, hardly functional.
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FE8A5C51FE794B46" box="[371,456,1026,1051]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Thorax</emphasis>
: Without crest. Forewing with all veins separate; R3, R4, and R5 approximate near base; hind wing with Rs and M1 stalked, M2 and M3 distant (
<figureCitation id="13042A25FFA3FFF5FCAA5C7FFC2B4B1B" box="[851,922,1068,1094]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Morphological structures in adult Multiquaestia. 1. Head in lateral view of Multiquaestia iringana n. sp. 2. Venation of M. albimaculana Karisch. 3. Dorsal view of male abdomen of M. iringana n. sp. showing hair-pencil from edge of hind wing to cover of raised scales on dorsal side of abdomen. 4. The same as 3, but with the pencil exposed and spread. 5. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. skulei n. sp. showing modified hair-scales on tergites 4 and 5. 6. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. iringana n. sp. showing coremata and structure of sternite 8 (S 8), tergum 8 (T 8) and intersegmental ventral sclerite (IS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Venation similar in male and female. Legs similar in both sexes, without modifications.
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD475C05FC814B32" box="[702,816,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Male genitalia with tegumen formed as an arched band, with appendages reduced (in two species) or absent; socii represented by setose patches. Pedunculus of tegumen straight in lateral view, indicating a tegumen/vinculum articulation of
<typeStatus id="54848802FFA3FFF5FBC55CF0FBDF4BE0" box="[1084,1134,1187,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
“
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FB7A5CF0FB234BE1" box="[1155,1170,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">a</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FB5F5CF0FB564BE1" box="[1190,1255,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FB165CF0FA294BE0" author="Komai" box="[1263,1432,1187,1213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomologica scandinavica (Supplements), 55, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1999">Komai (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. Valva generally long and slender, strongly constricted at neck, basal excavation large, cucullus large, rounded, with some strong bristles along its distal edge. Aedeagus long and slender in most species, in some species with numerous small teeth, carinae attached to external wall of aedeagus; vesica with deciduous cornuti of different size, number of cornuti deduced by attachment points on inner wall of aedeagus. Female genitalia with strongly sclerotised ductus bursae, well developed lamella postvaginalis, and conspicuously sclerotised anterior edge of sternite 7. Corpus bursae with two curved horn-shaped signa, with a variably developed sclerotised ring at their base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325652BFFA3FFF7FF3F5D8BFD864DAB" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF5FF3F5D8BFB114875" blockId="1.[151,1437,523,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF3F5D8BFDA14AAF" bold="true" box="[198,528,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Male secondary structures</emphasis>
. The male has a hair-pencil from the base of the hind margin of the hind wing that fits under raised scales on the dorsal side of the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13042A25FFA3FFF5FC705DACFC4F4944" box="[905,1022,1535,1561]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Morphological structures in adult Multiquaestia. 1. Head in lateral view of Multiquaestia iringana n. sp. 2. Venation of M. albimaculana Karisch. 3. Dorsal view of male abdomen of M. iringana n. sp. showing hair-pencil from edge of hind wing to cover of raised scales on dorsal side of abdomen. 4. The same as 3, but with the pencil exposed and spread. 5. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. skulei n. sp. showing modified hair-scales on tergites 4 and 5. 6. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. iringana n. sp. showing coremata and structure of sternite 8 (S 8), tergum 8 (T 8) and intersegmental ventral sclerite (IS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
). The hair pencil is attached to the wing margin where the wing forms a fold downwards, giving the incorrect impression that the pencil originates from the wing underside. The raised scales forming a roof over the pencils are larger than other abdominal scales, and they are attached laterally on the dorsal side of the abdomen. On the tergites below the raised scales there are numerous short hair-like scales (
<figureCitation id="13042A25FFA3FFF5FCE25EC9FCD249E9" box="[795,867,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Morphological structures in adult Multiquaestia. 1. Head in lateral view of Multiquaestia iringana n. sp. 2. Venation of M. albimaculana Karisch. 3. Dorsal view of male abdomen of M. iringana n. sp. showing hair-pencil from edge of hind wing to cover of raised scales on dorsal side of abdomen. 4. The same as 3, but with the pencil exposed and spread. 5. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. skulei n. sp. showing modified hair-scales on tergites 4 and 5. 6. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. iringana n. sp. showing coremata and structure of sternite 8 (S 8), tergum 8 (T 8) and intersegmental ventral sclerite (IS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The function of these scales is unknown, but it is probable that they interact with the hair-pencil from the hind wing. Males have additional coremata on abdominal segment 8: one bundle of pencils attached laterally on each side of the contracted sternite 8 and one pair attached in the same way on tergite 8 (
<figureCitation id="13042A25FFA3FFF5FD775F5DFD674875" box="[654,726,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,197,1800]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Morphological structures in adult Multiquaestia. 1. Head in lateral view of Multiquaestia iringana n. sp. 2. Venation of M. albimaculana Karisch. 3. Dorsal view of male abdomen of M. iringana n. sp. showing hair-pencil from edge of hind wing to cover of raised scales on dorsal side of abdomen. 4. The same as 3, but with the pencil exposed and spread. 5. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. skulei n. sp. showing modified hair-scales on tergites 4 and 5. 6. Slide mount of abdomen of male M. iringana n. sp. showing coremata and structure of sternite 8 (S 8), tergum 8 (T 8) and intersegmental ventral sclerite (IS)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274749/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The abdominal brush is conspicuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036A0FFA3FFF7FF3F5F67FD864DAB" blockId="1.[151,1437,523,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1438,152,758]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF3F5F67FE734813" bold="true" box="[198,450,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Systematic position</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FE225F67FD244813" author="Karisch" box="[475,661,1844,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Karisch, T. (2005) Ein neuer Wickler aus Angola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae). Lambillionea, CV, 500 - 502." type="book chapter" year="2005">Karisch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
stated that the broad sterigma (=lamella postvaginalis), the sclerotised ductus bursae, the large corpus bursae, and the forewing shape and venation associate
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FF6E5FD1FE8B48C6" box="[151,314,1922,1947]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FF6E5FD1FE8B48C6" box="[151,314,1922,1947]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FE825FD1FDBF48C1" box="[379,526,1922,1948]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Grapholitini">Grapholitini</taxonomicName>
. He found, however, that the shape and venation of the hind wing are closer to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FEFE5FFBFEC3489F" box="[263,370,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bactrini">Bactrini</taxonomicName>
. The male genitalia show that
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FD025FFAFC1D489F" box="[763,940,1961,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA3FFF5FD025FFAFC1D489F" box="[763,940,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not related to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FB7E5FFBFB42489F" box="[1159,1267,1960,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bactrini">Bactrini</taxonomicName>
. The reduced appendages of the tegumen and the shortened sternum 8 place the genus in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA3FFF5FBC55F9CFB7E48B4" box="[1084,1231,1999,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Grapholitini">Grapholitini</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA3FFF5FB235F9CFACE48B4" author="Komai" box="[1242,1407,1999,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="32" refString="Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomologica scandinavica (Supplements), 55, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1999">Komai (1999)</bibRefCitation>
divided
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FF0E58CBFE364FEF" box="[247,391,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Grapholitini">Grapholitini</taxonomicName>
into three genus groups; the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FD1B58CBFC214FEC" box="[738,912,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FD1B58CBFC214FEC" box="[738,912,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Dichrorampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FBE158CBFBEE4FEC" box="[1048,1119,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FBE158CBFBEE4FEC" box="[1048,1119,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Cydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, and the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FAE058CBFA2D4FEC" box="[1305,1436,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FAE058CBFA2D4FEC" box="[1305,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Grapholita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FF1358ECFE3C4F85" box="[234,397,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FF1358ECFE3C4F85" box="[234,397,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not possess any of the three apomorphies of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FBFE58ECFB054F85" box="[1031,1204,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Dichrorampha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FBFE58ECFB054F85" box="[1031,1204,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Dichrorampha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. The straight pedunculus in lateral view and the fact that the coremata on segment 8 lack levers suggest a position within the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FF3A595FFEB84E78" box="[195,265,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FF3A595FFEB84E78" box="[195,265,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Cydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group of genera rather than within the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FD19595FFCD54E78" box="[736,868,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Grapholita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FD19595FFCD54E78" box="[736,868,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Grapholita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FC40595FFC4A4E78" box="[953,1019,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA1FFF7FBFA595FFB1F4E7B" author="Komai" box="[1027,1198,268,294]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Komai, F. (1999) A taxonomic review of the genus Grapholita and allied genera (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Palaearctic region. Entomologica scandinavica (Supplements), 55, 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1999">Komai (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the three apomorphies defining the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FE335961FDA14E16" box="[458,528,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cydia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FE335961FDA14E16" box="[458,528,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Cydia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group also are lacking. At present we are unable to place
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FB445961FAD14E16" box="[1213,1376,306,331]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FB445961FAD14E16" box="[1213,1376,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with certainty in any of the three genus groups within the tribe. We identify two autapomorphies for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FB08590AFA254E2F" box="[1265,1428,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FB08590AFA254E2F" box="[1265,1428,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: the sclerotised anterior edge of sternite
<quantity id="4CC79B45FFA1FFF7FD9D59D3FD214EC7" box="[612,656,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
females and the hair-pencil from the hind margin of the hind wing fitting under a “roof” of raised scales on the dorsal side of the abdomen in males. Male tortricids have a rich array of scent organs in the form of hair-pencils on legs or wings, folds and patches with sex scales, and abdominal coremata.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FE6F59A7FCA44D53" authority="Diakonoff, 1973" authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1973" box="[406,789,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Oxysemaphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FE6F59A7FDF94D50" box="[406,584,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Oxysemaphora</emphasis>
Diakonoff, 1973
</taxonomicName>
, which according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA1FFF7FBF459A7FB1D4D53" author="Horak" box="[1037,1196,500,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 10. 522 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood." type="book" year="2006">Horak (2006)</bibRefCitation>
has a basal position in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FED95A49FE004D69" box="[288,433,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Olethreutini">Olethreutini</taxonomicName>
, has hair-pencils attached to the hind wing edge that are inserted into the abdomen’s lateral scaling (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA1FFF7FEB25A12FDFB4D06" author="Horak" box="[331,586,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 10. 522 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood." type="book" year="2006">Horak 2006: fig. 153</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, the cladistic analysis referred to by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA1FFF7FB5E5A12FAF64D06" author="Horak" box="[1191,1351,577,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 10. 522 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood." type="book" year="2006">Horak (2006)</bibRefCitation>
placed the
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FF335A3BFE204DDC" box="[202,401,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Oxysemaphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FF335A3BFE204DDC" box="[202,401,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Oxysemaphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group at the base of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FD4B5A3BFCF44DDF" box="[690,837,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucosmini">Eucosmini</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B51FFA1FFF7FCAA5A3BFBB94DDF" author="Horak" box="[851,1032,616,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Horak, M. (2006) Olethreutine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera. Vol. 10. 522 pp. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood." type="book" year="2006">Horak (2006)</bibRefCitation>
suggested the possibility that
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FF6E5ADCFEFD4DF5" box="[151,332,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Oxysemaphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FF6E5ADCFEFD4DF5" box="[151,332,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Oxysemaphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and allies represent a sister group to the remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FC475ADDFBFE4DF5" box="[958,1103,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Olethreutini">Olethreutini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FB725ADDFABE4DF5" box="[1163,1295,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eucosmini">Eucosmini</taxonomicName>
. If the hairpencils in
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FEED5AE6FE784D93" box="[276,457,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Oxysemaphora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FEED5AE6FE784D93" box="[276,457,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Oxysemaphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FDFF5AE6FD1C4D93" box="[518,685,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FDFF5AE6FD1C4D93" box="[518,685,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are homologous, then
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D23FFA1FFF7FC3A5AE6FBDB4D93" box="[963,1130,693,718]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Multiquaestia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94BEAB2FFA1FFF7FC3A5AE6FBDB4D93" box="[963,1130,693,718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Multiquaestia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could represent a further development from this basal group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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