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treatments-xml/data/03/96/87/039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56.xml
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<document id="A65128C8BD609C50DFE452372D16CA96" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1902.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5134231" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627159529603" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Eguchi, Katsuyuki" docDate="2008" docId="039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01902p118.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1902 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1902.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pheidole fervida F. Smith" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="FFAFFFD1FFDEA429FFF06666FFCAFFFC" masterDocTitle="A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1699022111702" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="643D842488E94B3BBF69954C8FB861A5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A7456BB2AA023FB6A01CFD9E99447DE7">
<mods:title id="8076B96CA176DDC534FCD874CD0B9AD8">A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="FEFAAB5FB39F6F1FD69980BAF95D44D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B436C82099FDC70A95E70ED95B58D2D4">
<mods:roleTerm id="DE4754DF6A6C69D09B6894D8EF1DB3B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C788A50628D2D48B43FB6CF794E1A6B6">Eguchi, Katsuyuki</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="393FC9B9796B8A6E7016030E88A283AA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D6B7EDADD2F75CCAA53E6B6BE764CB24" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D547F81E6182FB71F4F90C02A2461362">
<mods:title id="CD22E7DE837E3B3C179497104CDB8AD6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4DE5B5CB6C69A8D3CC76989FA985359B">
<mods:date id="794274270140EDFC5CDCE281B3CF3F28">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2540CE8C746A480C113434A72DFDB60F" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="EEE404947FE9CE49847B99FD64454BAB">2008-10-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="354FF75F5DF48F4F04461425ED7F3DEB" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2C94E886C9539CC697645AB1AE3065BF">1902</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="16CC173F6009F508D845A4CE483580C4" type="issue">
<mods:number id="39467EABBC3FDA788B8AAE656E8A312D">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="52C59694787490A5BE696C3C49DCDB1B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2F271E241D56A78F43D32C8D37F37ACA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="73F4A644A8DFF5989A853416B512CB5A">118</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="E8A9C7C4F78820F2A16E41BB2BEA9A13">
<mods:url id="4CBFAF67D9B721AA0309C511BDB7EE5C">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1902.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="44C1F07B08B7758BEBADFE80D19AC2DC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="06F35CA47FE1D78771E7B1DE5F626874" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1902.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="375BF5E3F7BE2C5B134C8E9F77374FFA" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D230EE2C624DFE96CB7CF2FA7CEEE3FE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5134231</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC5A432FF6766F1FE07FF4D" box="[151,461,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF6766F1FE07FF4D" blockId="27.[151,461,151,212]" box="[151,461,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D0C881D3FFC5A432FF6766F1FE07FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,461,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC5A432FF6766F1FE07FF4D" ID-CoL="4FYC3" authority="F. Smith" authorityName="F. Smith" box="[151,461,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF6766F1FE07FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,461,151,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF6766F1FE96FF4D" bold="true" box="[151,348,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pheidole fervida</emphasis>
F. Smith
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC5A432FF6766DCFEDBFF28" box="[151,273,186,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF6766DCFEDBFF28" blockId="27.[151,461,151,212]" box="[151,273,186,212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="13042A3AFFC5A432FF6766DCFEDBFF28" box="[151,273,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,254,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,225,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-51@28.[151,1436,197,1865]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6a–d, Pheidole fervida, nontype major [Eg02-VN-091] — a, head in full-face view; b, head in lateral view; c, mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; d, mesosoma and waist in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5134267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5134267/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs. 6a–h</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC5A432FF67676CFDCAFEB0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF67676CFDCAFEB0" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2F1191FFC5A432FF67676CFDCAFEB0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10AEFFC5A432FF67676CFD93FED8" author="Smith, F." box="[151,601,266,292]" page="406" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1874">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC5A432FF67676CFD93FED8" ID-CoL="4FYC3" authority="F. Smith, 1874: 406" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityPageNumber="406" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,601,266,292]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF67676CFE96FEDF" box="[151,348,266,291]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pheidole fervida</emphasis>
F.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B4EFFC5A432FE75676CFD93FED8" author="Smith, F." box="[389,601,266,292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="373 - 409" refId="ref53861" refString="Smith, F. (1874) Descriptions of new species of Tenthredinidae, Ichneumonidae, Chrysididae, Formicidae, &amp; c. of Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1874, 373 - 409." type="journal article" year="1874">Smith, 1874: 406</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9E10AEFFC5A432FD97676CFCFDFED8" author="Ogata, K." box="[615,823,266,292]" page="195" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B4EFFC5A432FD97676CFCFDFED8" author="Ogata, K." box="[615,823,266,292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="189 - 197" refId="ref52988" refString="Ogata, K. (1982) Taxonomic study of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood of Japan, with a description of a new species. Kontyu, 50, 189 - 197" type="journal article" year="1982">Ogata, 1982: 195</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(male genitalia).
<materialsCitation id="3B573CE2FFC5A432FBFE676CFE37FEB0" country="Japan" location="Hiogo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hyogo" typeStatus="syntype">
<typeStatus id="5484881DFFC5A432FBFE676CFBB4FED8" box="[1038,1150,266,292]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
: major &amp; queen,
<location id="8EE06064FFC5A432FAA3676CFA56FED8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56:8EE06064FFC5A432FAA3676CFA56FED8" box="[1363,1436,266,292]" country="Japan" name="Hiogo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Hyogo">Hiogo</location>
[
<collectingRegion id="49FBF85DFFC5A432FF6E6754FF39FEB0" box="[158,243,306,332]" country="Japan" name="Hyogo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hyogo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC5A432FF0F6754FE8DFEB0" box="[255,327,306,332]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
], not examined
</materialsCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC5A432FF35673CFC79FC08" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF35673CFC79FC08" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF35673CFDDBFE88" bold="true" box="[197,529,346,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B573CE2FFC5A432FDEC673CFC64FC08" collectorName="S. Takahashi &amp; D. Wiwatwitaya's &amp; H. Watanabe &amp; Seoraksan N. P. &amp; Sk. Yamane &amp; Jeohangryeong V. &amp; L. Latella &amp; S. Kubota's &amp; W. Cong Troi &amp; Y Linh Ho" country="Japan" county="Mainland" elevation="200" location="Ashiu Experimental Forest" municipality="Misumai" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lai Chau">
<collectingCounty id="62E14E33FFC5A432FDEC673CFD46FE88" box="[540,652,346,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mainland</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC5A432FD67673CFD14FE88" box="[663,734,346,372]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Hokkaido:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE4ACC5FFC5A432FC82673CFC17FE88" box="[882,989,346,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Misumai</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FC1C673CFBF0FE88" box="[1004,1082,346,372]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FC1C673CFBF0FE88" box="[1004,1082,346,372]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sapporo [
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FB01673CFA5AFE88" box="[1265,1424,346,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. Takahashi</collectorName>
]; Kyoto:
<location id="8EE06064FFC5A432FF0067E4FDE6FE60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56:8EE06064FFC5A432FF0067E4FDE6FE60" box="[240,556,386,412]" country="Japan" county="Mainland" municipality="Misumai" name="Ashiu Experimental Forest" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Lai Chau">Ashiu Experimental Forest</location>
(Miyama-cho) [
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FD1D67E4FC0BFE60" box="[749,961,386,412]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">D. Wiwatwitaya’s</collectorName>
colony: JP02-DW-01, -02, -03]; Ehime:
<location id="8EE06064FFC5A432FF6767CCFE8EFE38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56:8EE06064FFC5A432FF6767CCFE8EFE38" box="[151,324,426,452]" country="Japan" county="Mainland" municipality="Misumai" name="Mts. Ishizuchi" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Lai Chau">Mts. Ishizuchi</location>
,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FEA367CCFE10FE38" box="[339,474,426,452]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="650.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FEA367CCFE10FE38" box="[339,474,426,452]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="650.0">650–700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. [JP03-SKY-04]; Kagoshima: Hoyoshi-jinja,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FBD467CCFBBBFE38" box="[1060,1137,426,452]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="390.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FBD467CCFBBBFE38" box="[1060,1137,426,452]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="390.0">390 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Hoyoshi-dake,
<location id="8EE06064FFC5A432FA9767CCFED9FE10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56:8EE06064FFC5A432FA9767CCFED9FE10" country="Japan" county="Mainland" municipality="Misumai" name="Mts. Kimotsuki" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Lai Chau">Mts. Kimotsuki</location>
[
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FED267B4FE0BFE10" box="[290,449,466,492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">H. Watanabe</collectorName>
]. S. Korea: Gangwon-Do: Baekdamsa,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FC7B67B4FBDAFE10" box="[907,1040,466,492]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FC7B67B4FBDAFE10" box="[907,1040,466,492]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="500.0">500–800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FBBA67B4FB30FE10" box="[1098,1274,466,492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Seoraksan N.P.</collectorName>
[KR03-SKY- 18], Osaek-summit,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FE75679CFDC3FDE8" box="[389,521,506,532]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="550.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FE75679CFDC3FDE8" box="[389,521,506,532]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="650.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="550.0">550–750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FDB2679CFD38FDE8" box="[578,754,506,532]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Seoraksan N.P.</collectorName>
[
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FCF0679CFC5EFDE8" box="[768,916,506,532]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Sk. Yamane</collectorName>
],
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FC55679CFBB2FDE8" box="[933,1144,506,532]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Jeohangryeong V.</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FB74679CFAC2FDE8" box="[1156,1288,506,532]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="285.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="270.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FB74679CFAC2FDE8" box="[1156,1288,506,532]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="285.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="270.0">270–300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FAB0679CFF3CFDC0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Seoraksan N.P.</collectorName>
[KR03-SKY-31],
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FE3E6444FD68FDC0" box="[462,674,546,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Jeohangryeong V.</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FD5E6444FD32FDC0" box="[686,760,546,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="560.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FD5E6444FD32FDC0" box="[686,760,546,572]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="560.0">560 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FCC26444FC29FDC0" box="[818,995,546,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Seoraksan N.P.</collectorName>
[KR03-SKY-30]. S.
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC5A432FB296444FAE9FDC0" box="[1241,1315,546,572]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry>
: Guizhou: Pudi Xiang, Dafang [
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FE6E642CFDD6FD98" box="[414,540,586,612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">L. Latella</collectorName>
].
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC5A432FDC3642CFD47FD98" box="[563,653,586,612]" name="Taiwan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
: Chiayi: Funkiko [
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FC85642CFBC9FD98" box="[885,1027,586,612]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">S. Kubota’s</collectorName>
sample 80-E-B11].
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC5A432FB0E642CFAACFD98" box="[1278,1382,586,612]" name="Vietnam" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FBF85DFFC5A432FA85642CFF13FD70" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lai Chau</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FF156414FE4DFD70" box="[229,391,626,652]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">W. Cong Troi</collectorName>
(western slope of
<location id="8EE06064FFC5A432FD946414FCD9FD70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039687A9FFC5A437FF6766F1FBC3FC56:8EE06064FFC5A432FD946414FCD9FD70" box="[612,787,626,652]" country="Japan" county="Mainland" municipality="Misumai" name="Mt. Phansipan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Lai Chau">Mt. Phansipan</location>
),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FCD86414FC01FD70" box="[808,971,626,652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FCD86414FC01FD70" box="[808,971,626,652]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt. [Eg02-VN-317, -319, -321, -324, - 326, -329, -331, -335];
<collectingRegion id="49FBF85DFFC5A432FE5964FCFDC1FD48" box="[425,523,666,692]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
: Ban Khoang (Site-A: stream-side secondary forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FB8D64FCFAD5FD48" box="[1149,1311,666,692]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1700.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FB8D64FCFAD5FD48" box="[1149,1311,666,692]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700–1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-115, -118, -134], Ban Khoang (Site-A: shoulder of a road),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FC1764A4FB41FD20" box="[999,1163,706,732]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1700.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FC1764A4FB41FD20" box="[999,1163,706,732]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1750.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700–1800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN- 135], Cat Cat (a trail to Phansipan),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FDB0648CFD29FCF8" box="[576,739,746,772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FDB0648CFD29FCF8" box="[576,739,746,772]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1350.0" valueMax="1400.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300–1400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-257], Cong Troi (Site-B: well-developed forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FEC46574FE44FCD0" box="[308,398,786,812]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FEC46574FE44FCD0" box="[308,398,786,812]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-091, -092, -093, -096, -107], Cong Troi (Site-C: stream-side secondary forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FEBA655CFE21FCA8" box="[330,491,826,852]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2000.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FEBA655CFE21FCA8" box="[330,491,826,852]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000–2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-146, -150, -158, -161], Cong Troi (Site-D: well-developed forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FF036504FE5FFC80" box="[243,405,866,892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FF036504FE5FFC80" box="[243,405,866,892]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-182, -185, -188, -192, -197, -199, -295, -297, -299, -304, -306, - 309, -312], Cong Troi (Site-E: well-developed forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FCEE65ECFC0AFC58" box="[798,960,906,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FCEE65ECFC0AFC58" box="[798,960,906,932]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2150.0" valueMax="2200.0" valueMin="2100.0">2100–2200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-232, -234, -236, - 238, -240, -242, -244, -246, -250],
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC5A432FDDE65D4FD66FC30" box="[558,684,946,972]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Y Linh Ho</collectorName>
(a small fragment of forest),
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FBF065D4FB92FC30" box="[1024,1112,946,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="0012D18CFFC5A432FBF065D4FB92FC30" box="[1024,1112,946,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt., Sa Pa [Eg02-VN-223], Sa Seng (small fragment of limestone forest) [Eg02-VN-275, -287]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC5A437FF356264FE68FD1E" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF356264FC83FBB8" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF356264FDA1FBE0" bold="true" box="[197,619,1026,1052]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Worker measurements &amp; indices:</emphasis>
Major (n=5). — HL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FC976264FBDCFBE0" box="[871,1046,1026,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" metricValueMax="1.43" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.365" valueMax="1.43" valueMin="1.3">1.30–1.43 mm</quantity>
; HW
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FBAB6264FAC0FBE0" box="[1115,1290,1026,1052]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.47" metricValueMin="1.31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.39" valueMax="1.47" valueMin="1.31">1.31–1.47 mm</quantity>
; CI 94–104; SL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FF30624CFEA4FBB8" box="[192,366,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.73" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.68">0.68–0.78 mm</quantity>
; SI 50–53; FL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FDED624CFD01FBB8" box="[541,715,1066,1092]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" metricValueMax="10.6" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.97" valueMax="1.06" valueMin="0.88">0.88–1.06 mm</quantity>
; FI 66–73.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF356234FE2AFB68" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Minor (n=5). — HL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FE336234FDBEFB90" box="[451,628,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.64" valueMax="0.66" valueMin="0.62">0.62–0.66 mm</quantity>
; HW
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FD4E6234FCA4FB90" box="[702,878,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.605" valueMax="0.63" valueMin="0.58">0.58–0.63 mm</quantity>
; CI 88–95; SL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FBDC6234FB17FB90" box="[1068,1245,1106,1132]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.58">0.58–0.72 mm</quantity>
; SI 94–124; FL
<quantity id="4CC79B5AFFC5A432FF67621CFE8EFB68" box="[151,324,1146,1172]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="0.685" valueMax="0.77" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.77 mm</quantity>
; FI 102–133.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF3562C4FE70FB40" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" box="[197,442,1186,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC5A432FF3562C4FE70FB40" bold="true" box="[197,442,1186,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Worker description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A432FF3562ACFBD4F938" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Major. — Head in full-face view relatively shallowly concave posteriorly, in lateral view roundly convex dorsally, not impressed on vertex; frons and vertex rugose longitudinally, with interspaces smooth; vertexal lobe smooth and shining (but rarely dimly rugosed); frontal carina weak, or inconspicous just as rugula(e); antennal scrobe almost absent, or present but inconspicuous; median part of clypeus smooth, without a median longitudinal carina absent (rarely with a very weak carina); hypostoma with median and submedian processes in addition to conspicuous lateral processes; submedian processes always conspicuous, but median process often less conspicuous than submedian processes; antenna with a 3-segmented club; maximal diameter of eye longer than antennal segment X; outer surface of mandible smooth (excluding the basal area), with relatively long decumbent hairs. Promesonotal dome sparsely rugose transverselly, with interspaces smooth and shining, in lateral view with a low to inconspicuous mound on its posterior slope; humerus not or very weakly produced laterad; the dome at the humeri as broad as at the bottom, or narrower than at the bottom. Petiole longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive, sometimes with its lateral corner forming a conspicuous horn. First gastral tergite smooth and shining entirely.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC5A437FF3560B4FAF9FEFE" blockId="27.[151,1437,266,2012]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,152,938]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Minor. — Dorsum of head variable in sculpture, usually rugoso-reticulate or rugoso-punctate at least partly, but sometimes smooth and shining almost entirely; preoccipital carina present dorsally and laterally, but often very weak dorsally; median part of clypeus smooth and shining; median longitudinal carina absent, or present but inconspicuous; antenna with a 3-segmented club; scape usually exceeding posterior margin of head by the length of antennal segment II or more; maximal diameter of eye almost as long as or shorter than antennal segment X. Dorsum of promesonotal dome smooth and shining with several rugulae or rugoso-reticulate with enclosures almost smooth and shining, or rarely rugoso-punctuate largely; the dome in lateral view with a low to inconspicuous mound on its posterior slope; humerus of the dome in dorsal-oblique view hardly or very weakly produced laterad; mesopleuron, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum usually punctured very weakly or weakly. Petiole longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF406637FFC2A435FF676105FC71F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5134267" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5134267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5134267/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[151,254,1891,1915]" targetBox="[159,1428,225,1861]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC2A435FF676105FC71F861" blockId="28.[151,1436,1891,1949]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC2A435FF676105FE88F887" bold="true" box="[151,322,1891,1915]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 6a–d,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC2A435FEBA6102FE30F887" box="[330,506,1892,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC2A435FEBA6102FE30F887" box="[330,506,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pheidole fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nontype major [Eg02-VN-091] — a, head in full-face view; b, head in lateral view; c, mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; d, mesosoma and waist in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF406637FFC3A434FF67610FFC1CF85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5134271" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5134271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5134271/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" startId="29.[151,255,1897,1921]" targetBox="[159,1433,204,1867]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC3A434FF67610FFC1CF85F" blockId="29.[151,1436,1897,1955]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC3A434FF67610FFE8BF87D" bold="true" box="[151,321,1897,1921]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 6e–h.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC3A434FEB6610FFE3CF87C" box="[326,502,1897,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC3A434FEB6610FFE3CF87C" box="[326,502,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pheidole fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nontype minor [e, g, h, Eg02-VN-091; f, Eg02-VN-234] — e, f, head in full-face view; g, mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; h, mesosoma and waist in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC0A437FF356769FF06FE36" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FF356769FEAEFED5" bold="true" box="[197,356,271,297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Recognition:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B573CE2FFC0A437FE9D6776FF02FE36" collectorName="N. Vietnamese" country="Vietnam" location="Lao Cai" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lao Cai">
Posterior margin of head of the minor is generally more convex in
<collectorName id="26CA5369FFC0A437FB7C6776FAF3FED6" box="[1164,1337,272,298]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">N. Vietnamese</collectorName>
populations than in Korean and Japanese populations. However, in population(s) of
<collectingRegion id="49FBF85DFFC0A437FBD7675EFB4FFEAE" box="[1063,1157,312,338]" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lao Cai</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FBF85DFFC0A437FB30675EFAFAFEAE" box="[1216,1328,312,338]" country="Vietnam" name="Lai Chau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lai Chau</collectingRegion>
, N.
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC0A437FA91675EFF07FE86" name="Vietnam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, the minor is variable not only in the convexity of posterior margin of head but also in the sculpture on frons and vertex. It is also possible that
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FD9F67EEFD2AFE5D" box="[623,736,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FD9F67EEFD2AFE5D" box="[623,736,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recognized here actually includes two or more sibling species
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC0A437FF3667BEFE68FD1E" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
A variant of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FEAE67BEFE05FE0D" box="[350,463,472,497]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FEAE67BEFE05FE0D" box="[350,463,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the minor having sculptured frons and vertex) is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FB6E67BEFECEFDE6" authority="Ogata. However" authorityName="Ogata. However" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FB6E67BEFA8CFE0D" box="[1182,1350,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
Ogata. However
</taxonomicName>
, in the major of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FE3A6466FDB8FDE5" authorityName="Ogata. However" authorityYear="1982" box="[458,626,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FE3A6466FDB8FDE5" box="[458,626,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
posterior margin of head in full-face view is rather deeply concave; and in the major and minor of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FDF7644EFD65FDBD" authorityName="Ogata. However" authorityYear="1982" box="[519,687,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FDF7644EFD65FDBD" box="[519,687,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mound on the posterior slope of promesonotal dome is almost absent (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B4EFFC0A437FEA46436FE15FD96" author="Ogata, K." box="[340,479,592,618]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="189 - 197" refId="ref52988" refString="Ogata, K. (1982) Taxonomic study of the ant genus Pheidole Westwood of Japan, with a description of a new species. Kontyu, 50, 189 - 197" type="journal article" year="1982">Ogata 1982</bibRefCitation>
). Another variant of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FD206436FCF5FD95" box="[720,831,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FD206436FCF5FD95" box="[720,831,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P.fervida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the minor having smooth head) is similar to a variant of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FF16641EFEAFFD6D" authorityName="Eguchi" authorityYear="2006" box="[230,357,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FF16641EFEAFFD6D" box="[230,357,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the major having almost smooth vertexal lobe). However, in the major of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FB00641EFAA5FD6D" authorityName="Eguchi" authorityYear="2006" box="[1264,1391,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FB00641EFAA5FD6D" box="[1264,1391,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the head rather long; and in the major and minor of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D3CFFC0A437FD3D64C6FC80FD45" authorityName="Eguchi" authorityYear="2006" box="[717,842,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FD3D64C6FC80FD45" box="[717,842,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the mound on the posterior slope of promesonotal dome is almost absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256534FFC0A437FF356489FBC3FC56" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8036BFFFC0A437FF356489FBC3FC56" blockId="30.[151,1436,152,938]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B94BEAADFFC0A437FF356489FDD8FCF5" bold="true" box="[197,530,751,777]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution &amp; bionomics:</emphasis>
Known from N.
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC0A437FD166496FC86FCF6" box="[742,844,752,778]" name="Vietnam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, mainland
<collectingCountry id="F328762FFFC0A437FC206496FBDCFCF6" box="[976,1046,752,778]" name="Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
, N. Ryukyus and Korean Peninsula. This species seems to be restricted to cool-temperate to warm-temperate humid areas in East and Southeast Asia. It usually inhabits well-developed natural forests, man-made woody habitats (timber plantations, woody gardens, etc.) and forest edges, and nests mainly in rotting logs and other wood material, and sometimes in the litter/soil, and among root networks of vegetation on the rocks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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