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<mods:title id="F4D6241F5DEB1B31D3E9F9FE95704949">Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D19DAFAE8B50929DB1CA087B4E61CF3">Amaral, André P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EDF74BD65C46906B039DAAD1EC014D83">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="90AA65F6A884C741F8CFA42F63EF1AB7">Mariano, Rodolfo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D331F7DCEA488E06327B724939E491B">Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Depto. de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 45650 - 000, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="162C021CE2927FE5F19A72E3C41156CE">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, CEP 88040 - 901, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="0396879BFF8A3674FE02A596FD4DEAF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037870" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209689934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0396879BFF8A3674FE02A596FD4DEAF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396879BFF8A3674FE02A596FD4DEAF1" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
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<heading id="D0C881E1FF8A3673FE02A596FBFDE819" box="[470,1117,1511,1538]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8A3673FE02A596FBFDE819" ID-CoL="8BL78" ID-ENA="2824790" authority="Borkent, 2008" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" box="[470,1117,1511,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranapungens" subGenus="Corethrella">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FE02A596FDC1E819" bold="true" box="[470,609,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Corethrella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FDA6A596FD5DE819" bold="true" box="[626,765,1511,1538]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Corethrella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FCDAA599FC0EE819" bold="true" box="[782,942,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">ranapungens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8A3673FC61A599FBFDE819" author="Borkent A." box="[949,1117,1512,1538]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13042A08FF8A3673FD70A67AFD5BE83E" box="[676,763,1547,1573]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[188,231,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,1326,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-350@76.[188,1398,1323,1797]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 36. Corethrella ranapungens Borkent, 2008, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037858/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF8A3673FCD1A67AFC2FE83E" box="[773,911,1547,1573]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="104.[184,306,551,580]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="Appendix 1 (continued). List of species of Corethrellidae recorded from Brazil. 1 stage only briefly described; 2 stage with description uncertain. Asterisks denote new records reported in this paper. L = larva(e); P = pupa(e). C. = Corethrella throughout." pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FF69A63DFE0AE87D" bold="true" box="[189,426,1612,1638]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material examined</emphasis>
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, adults;
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,
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, “
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” [reed marsh];
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a.s.l.
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;
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leg.;
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(chorus);
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, adult;
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,
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;
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,
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a.s.l.
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;
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leg.;
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(
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8A3673FCA9A695FB2BE8E5" authorityName="Lugli &amp; Haddad" authorityYear="2006" box="[893,1163,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Bokermanohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oxente">
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</taxonomicName>
);
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FF69A757FEEEE95B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1830,1856]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FF3EA724FE2EE974" bold="true" box="[234,398,1877,1903]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Female adult</emphasis>
(n = 4)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8A3673FF69A709FB18E9C2" blockId="75.[189,1399,1877,2009]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
HEAD.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8A3673FED9A706FECDE98A" bold="true" box="[269,365,1911,1937]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Sensilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF8A3673FEA9A709FE4BE989" box="[381,491,1912,1938]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[188,231,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,1326,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-350@76.[188,1398,1323,1797]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 36. Corethrella ranapungens Borkent, 2008, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037858/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 36A</figureCitation>
): Ocular row with 1 thick offset seta at ventral part and 1114 setae extending posteriorly. Subocular row not well-defined; vertex and interocular space with several setae. Postgenal row with 56 slender setae located mid-posteriorly. With 23 thick ventromedial setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A178FCF7EC7B" blockId="76.[187,1398,265,608]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
THORAX.
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FEFBA178FE2FEF38" bold="true" box="[303,399,265,291]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Sensilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF8D3674FE77A178FDB3EF38" box="[419,531,265,291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[188,231,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,1326,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-350@76.[188,1398,1323,1797]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 36. Corethrella ranapungens Borkent, 2008, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037858/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 36B</figureCitation>
): Antepronotum with 47 intermediate setae on anterior margin, with 1 intermediate and 34 slender setae laterally. Postpronotum with 1 thick dorsal seta, with 1 intermediate and 24 slender more posteriorly. Scutum, prescutal area with 2 thick and 01 intermediate setae loosely aligned dorsoventrally, near prescutal suture; 23 intermediate and 3 slender setae more anteriorly. Antealar area with 3 thick/intermediate setae vertically aligned near prescutal suture, 67 thick/intermediate setae clustered posteroventrally; 1518 slender setae spread from ventral to dorsal portions.Supraalar area with 1 thick and 2 intermediate setae anteroposteriorly aligned, with 46 slender setae surrounding. Dorsocentral row, posterior part with group of 34 thick offset setae; 1724 thick/ intermediate and approximately 1523 slender completing row. Scutellum with 10 thick setae. Posterior anepisternum bare. Anepimeron with 610 slender setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A2E7FCC1ECAB" blockId="76.[188,865,662,695]" box="[188,865,662,695]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
WING. R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF8D3674FEF0A2D8FE8DECAC" attach="left" box="[292,301,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">3</subScript>
/R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF8D3674FE9CA2D8FEF1ECAC" attach="left" box="[328,337,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">1</subScript>
: 0.64 (0.620.67); R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF8D3674FD93A2D8FDC2ECAC" attach="left" box="[583,610,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">2+3</subScript>
/R
<subScript id="17BB34C8FF8D3674FDA9A2D8FD26ECAC" attach="left" box="[637,646,681,695]" fontSize="6" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">2</subScript>
: 0.53 (0.470.60).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A296FEEDED3E" blockId="76.[188,1398,743,805]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
LEGS. Empodium (
<figureCitation id="13042A08FF8D3674FE4FA296FDA5ED1A" box="[411,517,743,769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[188,231,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[214,1384,1326,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-350@76.[188,1398,1323,1797]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 36. Corethrella ranapungens Borkent, 2008, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037858/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
) short, slender, with 2 branches. Ta1/Ta2: 2.86 (2.772.93); Ta3/Ta4: 1.15 (1.111.25).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3256506FF8D3674FF68A32BFD4DEAF1" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A32BFE4FED6F" blockId="76.[188,495,858,885]" box="[188,495,858,885]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="D0C881E1FF8D3674FF68A32BFE4FED6F" bold="true" box="[188,495,858,885]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FF68A32BFE4FED6F" bold="true" box="[188,495,858,885]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Distribution and biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A3F8FF54EA48" blockId="76.[187,1399,905,1107]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8D3674FE3CA3F8FCB0EDB8" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2008" box="[488,784,905,931]" class="Insecta" family="Corethrellidae" genus="Corethrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranapungens">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FE3CA3F8FCB0EDB8" box="[488,784,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Corethrella ranapungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both from the state of
<collectingRegion id="49FBF86FFF8D3674FBF4A3F8FBC4EDB8" box="[1056,1124,905,931]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bahia</collectingRegion>
and from the Brazilian Northeast region. The examined specimens were collected in Lençóis and Rio de Contas municipalities. Collection methods were frog-call pan traps playing the call of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8D3674FC44A3BEFF56EA16" authority="Lugli &amp; Haddad, 2006" authorityName="Lugli &amp; Haddad" authorityYear="2006" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Bokermannohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxente">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FC44A3BEFB0BEDF2" box="[912,1195,975,1001]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Bokermannohyla oxente</emphasis>
Lugli &amp; Haddad, 2006
</taxonomicName>
and a chorus of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8D3674FE62A385FDE7EA16" baseAuthorityName="Wied-Neuwied" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[438,583,1011,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Boana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="faber">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FE62A385FDE7EA16" box="[438,583,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Boana faber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8D3674FD81A382FCE8EA16" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[597,840,1011,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FD81A382FCE8EA16" box="[597,840,1011,1037]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Physalaemus cuvieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F4D0EFF8D3674FCABA385FC41EA16" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[895,993,1012,1037]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B94BEA9FFF8D3674FCABA385FC41EA16" box="[895,993,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">P. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sampled localities included areas of marsh and a small stream in the Espinhaço mountain range. Elevations ranged from
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF8D3674FB1CA467FAD5EA2B" box="[1224,1397,1046,1073]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.984999999999999" metricValueMax="12.02" metricValueMin="3.95" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="798.5" valueMax="1202.0" valueMin="395.0">395 to 1202 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80368DFF8D3674FF68A4FBFD4DEAF1" blockId="76.[188,1398,1162,1259]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
This species has a broad distribution and has also been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FBC7A4FBFBD0EABF" box="[1043,1136,1162,1188]" name="Mexico" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FBAAA4FBFAA4EABF" box="[1150,1284,1162,1188]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FAC6A4FBFAD2EABF" box="[1298,1394,1162,1188]" name="Panama" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FF68A4DCFEBAEADC" box="[188,282,1197,1223]" name="Guyana" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, French Guiana,
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FE32A4DCFD40EADC" box="[486,736,1197,1223]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="F328761DFF8D3674FCF4A4DCFCC8EADC" box="[800,872,1197,1223]" name="Brazil" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Pará State, Amazonian region), at altitudes ranging from
<quantity id="4CC79B68FF8D3674FE8BA4A1FE4CEAF0" box="[351,492,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.015" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="0.03" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" unit="m" value="901.5" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 1800 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE4B7CFF8D3674FDEDA4A1FD41EAF1" author="Borkent A." box="[569,737,1232,1258]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 456" refId="ref62471" refString="Borkent A. 2008. The frog-biting midges of the world (Corethrellidae: Diptera). Zootaxa 1804 (1): 1 - 456. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1804.1.1" type="journal article" year="2008">Borkent 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>