663 lines
79 KiB
XML
663 lines
79 KiB
XML
<document id="57A07B9DE966F7479AE0C59BA5441594" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef8d5717-31b6-4e69-a0ec-6e313588ecda" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255301" ID-ZooBank="7A957617-C37C-41C8-9A8C-D7BB9178638C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477381219441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vicente, Jan, Zea, Sven & Hill, Russell T." docDate="2016" docId="E622879FFFDDCC4F15D9FA08FE380C55" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plakortis symbiotica Vicente, Zea & Hill, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="218" masterDocId="1A1BFFE7FFDBCC46154EFFAFFFA90E42" masterDocTitle="Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera)" masterLastPageNumber="233" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="215" updateTime="1698390552369" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="1FEA56A2D873870B3A059238A12A2334" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5C4E53EF7FDC28F7B3DB7D6D8F3F338A">
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<mods:title id="9D1BD00A15BC38CAC37A5D9230A14B37">Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="49D04841C4E58D02639BE8F12747145B" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="57E4E823FC9BD2DBA0358B5B4F3DE3C7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2D24D821566BDE00587D2999BB5FF07D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8F9B20D385B619B0B8E32B4937BEC559">Vicente, Jan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="0A433286EBAF7F56CDF1E3FF8F1B4F10" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1AF0A50E39D734E3121CFCB6541E4ADA">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3419014044B3B5941E4CEED9A334474">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5378F03A445F645612DFBAEFDD3FC458">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AB8AE9EA935F1B9FA38663335289C947" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="3BCF5E9C54736FEB9AE05EC900902A95">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A42235EB1BFB2C6EF860653E46A80AC7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AD4AEFC861E1C2EC85A22E7BF09D1478">Hill, Russell T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5E0B9195F3B93C4FB4BD41738DAFD596">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3FB30450A089E8C6446C744951B67BE1">
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<mods:title id="B1DD1E0D7E623B111134F81552F0BB71">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="2A79C24D86B7892E80CE7730F9A8D7F1">
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<mods:date id="F2AAF0FAAC045529E7EF8BA35687CC90">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DD4C18DF5C1CC8BC1144EB39B78A4C1B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F8734553A7CA18D3DD5251E4A756518B">4178</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="71516D61158F009EF2E2FA7B803CE112" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="12F3FC48BD7C9A7DB5EC0AF0C7A321EA">2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="9DAAF798437DA348A4842946B1AEE3A4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="71F7BB4CE48F82B50A4706E5805C93C3">209</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AF4D20A112C049DBB42D1012EC84A2D6">233</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F420089A0AEF3711EFD995A26A515A66">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="61EAAF5866A334BBAAC0B73BE6342F63" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6538E1C9EB7F36ABF6C10CB88A6CAEEE" type="GBIF-Dataset">ef8d5717-31b6-4e69-a0ec-6e313588ecda</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06E92B50C11C503D93098D7638953DA3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="39195560C550DB48595D7CABA5DE03BF" type="Zenodo-Dep">255301</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A77E1F43EE3B0E86991E321173E18AD4" type="ZooBank">7A957617-C37C-41C8-9A8C-D7BB9178638C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E622879FFFDDCC4F15D9FA08FE380C55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617742" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124557987" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617742" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E622879FFFDDCC4F15D9FA08FE380C55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E622879FFFDDCC4F15D9FA08FE380C55" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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<subSubSection id="26916502FFDDCC4015D9FA08FEE50BA1" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC4015D9FA08FE580B80" blockId="6.[151,497,1447,1507]" box="[151,497,1447,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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<heading id="357C81E5FFDDCC4015D9FA08FE580B80" bold="true" box="[151,497,1447,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4015D9FA08FE580B80" bold="true" box="[151,497,1447,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC4015D9FA08FE250B83" ID-CoL="4JJ37" box="[151,396,1447,1473]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4015D9FA08FE250B83" bold="true" box="[151,396,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Plakortis symbiotica</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFDDCC4014DDFA07FE580B80" box="[403,497,1448,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC4015D9FA65FEE50BA1" blockId="6.[151,497,1447,1507]" box="[151,332,1482,1507]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFDDCC4015D1FA65FF4D0BA1" box="[159,228,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<tableCitation id="23090332FFDDCC4015BEFA65FEED0BA1" box="[240,324,1482,1507]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[159,1330,1516,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of oxeas (length and width) of Haliclona plakophila holotype (h) and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum – mean (± 1 standard deviation) – maximum. N = 50." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" tableUuid="3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFDDCC4015D9F9BDFD52086A" box="[151,763,1554,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC4015D9F9BDFD52086A" blockId="6.[151,763,1554,1576]" box="[151,763,1554,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC4015D9F9BDFF5D086A" box="[151,244,1554,1576]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4015D9F9BDFF5D086A" box="[151,244,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Plakortis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2;
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<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFDDCC401479F9BDFE5F086A" author="Vicente" box="[311,502,1554,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
Vicente
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||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4014C5F9BCFE1E086A" box="[395,439,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2014
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
(ecology and symbiosis).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFDDCC4015D9F9FAFCCE0960" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC4015D9F9FAFCE20898" blockId="6.[151,1436,1621,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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||
<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFDDCC4015D9F9FAFF7A08F4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019922" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="La Parguera & Jaaziel Garcia Hernandez & October" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="32" latitude="17.9552" location="Puerto Rico" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-67.0532" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" specimenCode="USNM1254650" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4015D9F9FAFEED082C" bold="true" box="[151,324,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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||
<typeStatus id="B130882BFFDDCC4015D9F9FAFF7B082C" box="[151,210,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="B130882BFFDDCC401405F9FAFE1A082C" box="[331,435,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
and
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||
<typeStatus id="B130882BFFDDCC4014A7F9F9FDB0082C" box="[489,537,1622,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality:
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||
<specimenCode id="3E2D9EF2FFDDCC4017CCF9FAFC91082C" box="[642,824,1621,1646]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFDDCC4017CCF9FAFD7C082C" box="[642,725,1621,1646]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
1254650
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||
</specimenCode>
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||
, basibiont of
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||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC401683F9FAFB15082C" box="[973,1212,1621,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401683F9FAFB15082C" box="[973,1212,1621,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC40118DF9FAFAB5082C" bold="true" box="[1219,1308,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFDDCC40118DF9FAFAB5082C" box="[1219,1308,1621,1646]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, Old Buoy,
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||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC4015D9F9D5FE8D08D0" box="[151,292,1658,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">La Parguera</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFDDCC40147CF9D5FE1308D0" box="[306,442,1657,1682]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFDDCC401482F9D6FDFD08D3" box="[460,596,1657,1682]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" precision="5" value="17.9552">17.9552° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFDDCC401724F9D6FD5308D0" box="[618,762,1657,1682]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" precision="5" value="-67.0532">67.0532° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFDDCC40165FF9D5FCE508D3" box="[785,844,1658,1682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="32.0">
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||
<elevation id="E5A6D1BAFFDDCC40165FF9D5FCE508D3" box="[785,844,1658,1682]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
depth, coll.
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||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC4016AEF9D6FAAE08D0" box="[992,1287,1657,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Jaaziel García Hernández</collectorName>
|
||
,
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||
<date id="1A351049FFDDCC40105BF9D6FF7A08F4" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" value="2015-10-15">
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||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC40105BF9D6FAC608D0" box="[1301,1391,1657,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">October</collectorName>
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||
15, 2015
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFDDCC401590F931FCEE0898" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019933" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Jan Vicente & August" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="32" latitude="17.9552" location="Puerto Rico" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-67.0532" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" specimenCode="USNM1254649" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B130882BFFDDCC401590F931FEE908F4" box="[222,320,1694,1718]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="3E2D9EF2FFDDCC401407F932FE5608F4" box="[329,511,1693,1718]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFDDCC401407F932FE3508F4" box="[329,412,1693,1718]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
1254649
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
, basibiont of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC4017D5F931FBFD08F4" authority="Old Buoy, La Parguera" authorityName="Old Buoy, La Parguera" box="[667,1108,1693,1718]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4017D5F931FC9208F4" box="[667,827,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
, Old Buoy, La Parguera
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFDDCC40112FF931FB4308F4" box="[1121,1258,1693,1718]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFDDCC4011B1F932FA2F08F7" box="[1279,1414,1693,1718]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" precision="5" value="17.9552">17.9552° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, -
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFDDCC4015D9F96EFE8B0898" box="[151,290,1729,1754]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" precision="5" value="-67.0532">67.0532° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFDDCC401478F96DFEC6089B" box="[310,367,1730,1754]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="32.0">
|
||
<elevation id="E5A6D1BAFFDDCC401478F96DFEC6089B" box="[310,367,1730,1754]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC4014B4F96DFDD70898" box="[506,638,1729,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Jan Vicente</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1A351049FFDDCC4017C7F96DFCEE0898" box="[649,839,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" value="2012-08-13">
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC4017C7F96DFD730898" box="[649,730,1730,1754]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">August</collectorName>
|
||
13, 2012
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC401589F94AFCCE0960" blockId="6.[151,1436,1621,2006]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFDDCC401589F94AFE4F0960" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019918" collectionCode="PHBH" country="Bahamas" location="Little San Salvador" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Little San Salvador">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401589F94AFD2808BC" bold="true" box="[199,641,1765,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Specimens examined for comparison</emphasis>
|
||
(other than those described here).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC401143F94AFA9308BC" box="[1037,1338,1765,1790]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401143F94AFA9308BC" box="[1037,1338,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Plakortis halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFDDCC401004F949FA3E08BF" box="[1354,1431,1766,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">PHBH</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AC4FF86BFFDDCC4015D9F8A6FED80960" box="[151,369,1801,1826]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AC4FF86BFFDDCC401595F8A5FED80960" box="[219,369,1801,1826]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFDDCC401432F8A6FE4F0960" box="[380,486,1801,1826]" name="Bahamas" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFDDCC4014BFF8A5FCCB0960" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019929" box="[497,866,1801,1826]" collectionCode="PHPR" collectorName="La Parguera" country="Puerto Rico" location="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFDDCC4014BFF8A5FD930963" box="[497,570,1802,1825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">PHPR</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFDDCC40170BF8A5FD660960" box="[581,719,1802,1826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">La Parguera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFDDCC401794F8A5FCCB0960" box="[730,866,1801,1826]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFDDCC4E1589F882FF7C0EBA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFDDCC4E1589F882FF7C0EBA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1621,2006]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="217" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401589F882FEE80904" bold="true" box="[199,321,1837,1862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Thickly encrusting cushions with a soft irregular surface and compressible body. Found as basibiont of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC401469F8FDFE610928" box="[295,456,1873,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401469F8FDFE610928" box="[295,456,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but also of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC40171AF8FEFCEC0928" box="[596,837,1873,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC40171AF8FEFCEC0928" box="[596,837,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFDDCC401600F8FEFC03092B" box="[846,938,1873,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401600F8FEFC0A0928" bold="true" box="[846,931,1873,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFDDCC40169DF8FDFBF40928" box="[979,1117,1873,1898]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC4011EBF8FDFAEF0928" box="[1189,1350,1873,1898]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4011EBF8FDFAEF0928" box="[1189,1350,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC4010CFF8FDFEA609CC" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC4010CFF8FDFEA609CC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found on the same individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC401783F8D9FCC809CC" box="[717,865,1909,1934]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401783F8D9FCC809CC" box="[717,865,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFDDCC401626F8DAFC6809CF" box="[872,961,1909,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401626F8DAFC1309CC" bold="true" box="[872,954,1909,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Both sponge epibionts grow as patches on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC40158EF835FEFC09F0" box="[192,341,1945,1970]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC40158EF835FEFC09F0" box="[192,341,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
body, never fully covering the basibiont as observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDDCC401680F835FB0D09F0" box="[974,1188,1945,1970]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="215" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDDCC401680F835FB0D09F0" box="[974,1188,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="215">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can penetrate the basibiont body forming inner channels. Oscules are slightly elevated from the surface. Color can be dark green and dark brown
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1469FF36FEDE0EF2" box="[295,375,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and exudes a brown pigment when preserved in ethanol. Reticulated tangential ectosomal skeleton and reticulated choanosomal skeleton with lacunae present. Spicules consist of triods and diods of one size class.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="3AF46601FFDCCC4115D9F8F4FE36098F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFDCCC4115D9F8F4FE36098F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1883,1997]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDCCC4115D9F8F4FEBD0932" bold="true" box="[151,276,1883,1905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDCCC41146DF8F4FE550933" box="[291,508,1883,1905]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDCCC41146DF8F4FE550933" box="[291,508,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Plakortis symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDCCC411744F8F4FDCB0932" bold="true" box="[522,610,1883,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFDCCC411744F8F4FDCB0932" box="[522,610,1883,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A) holotype (USNM1254650) (brown) being overgrown by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFDCCC41105AF8F3FEA209D2" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="216" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFDCCC41105AF8F3FEA209D2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="216">Xestospongia deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD3CC4E1589FEABFCE30A52" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FEABFB210FC5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FEABFEF00F5F" bold="true" box="[199,345,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Thick cushions 3×
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD3CC4E170EFEABFD240F5E" box="[576,653,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
by
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD3CC4E178AFEABFCB70F5E" box="[708,798,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E1682FEABFBBC0F5E" box="[972,1045,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Oscules are slightly elevated measuring
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD3CC4E145BFE87FE3A0F7D" box="[277,403,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="cm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Oscules in preserved specimens are contracted. External and internal color is dark brown; a dark brown pigment is exuded when preserved. Surface is smooth, soft and irregular where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E10CAFEE2FEBE0FCA" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E10CAFEE2FEBE0FCA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1472FEDEFE7F0FCA" box="[316,470,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1472FEDEFE7F0FCA" box="[316,470,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1493FEC0FD9E0FCA" bold="true" box="[477,567,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E1493FEC0FD9E0FCA" box="[477,567,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
grows. Consistency is compressible, and easily torn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FE3BFEAF0CEA" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FE3BFE9C0FEF" bold="true" box="[199,309,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosome is a disorganized tangential reticulation of diods and triods. Multispicular tracts are not well defined but form circular meshes, 43–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1739FE17FD3A0F92" box="[631,659,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">73</emphasis>
|
||
–121 µm diameter (N=20;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E16F1FE18FBA90F92" box="[959,1024,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Spicules barely break the surface of the ectosome. When
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E14EAFE72FDED0FB7" box="[420,580,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14EAFE72FDED0FB7" box="[420,580,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1725FE72FCAF0FB7" box="[619,774,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1725FE72FCAF0FB7" box="[619,774,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1640FE73FCC00FB7" bold="true" box="[782,873,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E1640FE73FCC00FB7" box="[782,873,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
form inner channels within the choanosome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E10C9FE72FEB80C5A" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E10C9FE72FEB80C5A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1457FE50FEDC0C5A" bold="true" box="[281,373,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E1457FE50FEDC0C5A" box="[281,373,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the ectosome forms a barrier between the two sponge species as observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E104DFE50FF720C7E" author="Vicente" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E102CFDAEFA350C5A" box="[1378,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, their
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E146DFD8BFECC0C7E" box="[291,357,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[263,1305,190,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[246,1322,173,1852]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 7. Xestospongia deweerdtae from Bocas del Toro Province in Panama, comparing free living (A, C, E, G, I) and associated (B, D, F, J) lifestyles. (A, B) In situ underwater images (A, USNM 1254644; B, USNM 1254645 completely overgrowing Plakortis deweerdtaephila; (C, D) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (E, F) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (G, H) close-up of a section through the choanosome (LM); (I, J) Strongyles (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255308/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E and F). The ectosome (60–70 µm thick) is dense and sometimes hard to distinguish from the choanosome. Subectosomal lacunae are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E17ADFDE8FC870C22" box="[739,814,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The choanosomal skeleton is dense but has an abundance of irregular circular meshes of varying diameters formed by a confused reticulation of diods and triods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E15D1FD20FF4B0CEA" box="[159,226,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FD1BFF4F0D1F" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FD1BFE990C8F" bold="true" box="[199,304,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
One size class of diods and triods. Diods are significantly sinuously bent, with a thick center. Ends are sharp and significantly bent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E1748FD78FDE00CB2" box="[518,585,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[234,1337,199,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[223,1353,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis deweerdtaephila sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254645) (basibiont-brown) fully overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (epibiont-pink) in Panama; the specimen has been uplifted from the bottom to show the basibiont; oscules directed downwards are visible; (B) Bahamas USNM 1254647 (brown) partially overgrown by X. deweerdtae (pink); (C) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (D) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (E) closeup of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (F) diods from specimens from Panama (SEM); (G-H) diods from specimens collected in the Bahamas (SEM); (I) triods from specimens from Panama (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255303/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E–F). Size (length x width): 72–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16FAFD77FC580CB2" box="[948,1009,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">113.1</emphasis>
|
||
(±16.7)–142 µm x 2.2–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E11B2FD78FAB60CB2" box="[1276,1311,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">3.6</emphasis>
|
||
(±0.8)–5.0 µm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="23090332FFD3CC4E1583FD53FE8A0D56" box="[205,291,764,789]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of diods and triods (length and width) of holotypes (h) and paratypes (p) of Plakortis deweerdtaephila and Plakortis symbiotica. Triod measurements are actine length and width. Measurements are expressed as minimum – mean (± 1 standard deviation) – maximum. N = 30." pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Triods are rare, Y-shaped, smooth, with sharp endings that are sometimes bent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E1196FD53FAB60D56" box="[1240,1311,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[234,1337,199,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[223,1353,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis deweerdtaephila sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254645) (basibiont-brown) fully overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (epibiont-pink) in Panama; the specimen has been uplifted from the bottom to show the basibiont; oscules directed downwards are visible; (B) Bahamas USNM 1254647 (brown) partially overgrown by X. deweerdtae (pink); (C) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (D) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (E) closeup of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (F) diods from specimens from Panama (SEM); (G-H) diods from specimens collected in the Bahamas (SEM); (I) triods from specimens from Panama (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255303/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="1A351049FFD3CC4E1041FD53FAB60D56" box="[1295,1311,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I): 20–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1025FD53FA350D56" box="[1387,1436,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">40.4</emphasis>
|
||
(±12.8)–71 µm long by 2.0–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1497FC8FFE550D7A" box="[473,508,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">3.3</emphasis>
|
||
(±0.7)–4.7 µm in width (
|
||
<tableCitation id="23090332FFD3CC4E1658FCB0FCC20D7A" box="[790,875,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of diods and triods (length and width) of holotypes (h) and paratypes (p) of Plakortis deweerdtaephila and Plakortis symbiotica. Triod measurements are actine length and width. Measurements are expressed as minimum – mean (± 1 standard deviation) – maximum. N = 30." pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Microrhabds, quasiamphiasters and spheres are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FCC8FCE30A52" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FCC8FE170DC2" bold="true" box="[199,446,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Sponge pairs are found on vertical walls (>
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD3CC4E16E3FCC7FC420DC2" box="[941,1003,872,896]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
), shaded side of pinnacles, and in reef cave habitats. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E143FFC23FD300DE7" box="[369,665,908,933]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E143FFC23FD300DE7" box="[369,665,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Plakortis deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17D1FC23FD500DE7" bold="true" box="[671,761,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E17D1FC23FD500DE7" box="[671,761,908,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the new species has only been found either associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E15D9FC1EFE9E0D8A" box="[151,311,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E15D9FC1EFE9E0D8A" box="[151,311,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1413FC1EFE510D8A" box="[349,504,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1413FC1EFE510D8A" box="[349,504,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, never free-living (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E179CFC00FC060D8A" author="Vicente" box="[722,943,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E167FFC1EFCC30D8A" box="[817,874,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sponge pairs have been documented from small recruits (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E140DFC7BFE2E0DAE" box="[323,391,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E1488FC7BFD0A0DAE" author="Vicente" box="[454,675,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E176BFC7AFDC90DAF" box="[549,608,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and growth morphologies of sponge pairs remain stable for long periods of time (Supplementary
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E174FFC58FDEA0A52" box="[513,579,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD3CC4E177BFC57FDEA0A52" box="[565,579,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" unit="in" value="4.0">4</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E1728FC58FC960A52" author="Vicente" box="[614,831,1015,1040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E178DFC56FD520A52" box="[707,763,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD3CC4F1589FBB3FEAD0F92" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FBB3FA350A76" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1436,1052,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FBB3FEC90A77" bold="true" box="[199,352,1052,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E1429FBB3FE640A77" box="[359,461,1052,1077]" name="Bahamas" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Little
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AC4FF86BFFD3CC4E176FFBB3FDC60A76" box="[545,623,1052,1076]" country="Bahamas" name="Inagua" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Inagua</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E17E3FBB2FC9B0A77" box="[685,818,1052,1077]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AC4FF86BFFD3CC4E160FFBB3FC2D0A76" box="[833,900,1052,1076]" country="United Kingdom" name="Isle of Anglesey" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Mona</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E16C5FBB3FC7B0A77" box="[907,978,1052,1077]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, La Parguera, Desecheo) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E11B9FBB3FAFD0A76" box="[1271,1364,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1050,1072]" captionTargetBox="[160,1414,189,1013]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,173,1025]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Collection sites of Plakortis deweerdtaephila sp. nov., Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov., Haliclona plakophila and Xestospongia deweerdtae in the Caribbean. (A) Detailed map of sponge species and sponge pair locations for the Bahamas (Little San Salvador, San Salvador, Hogsty Reef, Acklins, Mayaguana, Mira Por Voz, Plana Cays, Little Inagua, Great Inagua) (B), Mexico (Cozumel, Banco Chinchorro) (C), Puerto Rico (Mona, Desecheo, La Parguera) (D), and Panama (Bocas del Toro Province) (E). A list of sponge species and their lifestyle are indicated in the legend on panel B. The Plakortis symbiotica and Haliclona plakophila pair has been found only on the south coast of Puerto Rico." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255302/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FB90FDB30B16" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589FB90FE140A1A" bold="true" box="[199,445,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1747FB90FC980A1A" box="[521,817,1087,1112]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1747FB90FC980A1A" box="[521,817,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Plakortis deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1677FB90FC3A0A1A" bold="true" box="[825,915,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E1677FB90FC3A0A1A" box="[825,915,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, the lack of microrhabds or quasiamphiasters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E15FAFBCAFEE00A3F" box="[180,329,1124,1149]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E15FAFBCAFEE00A3F" box="[180,329,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E141FFBCBFE050A3F" bold="true" box="[337,428,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E141FFBCBFE050A3F" box="[337,428,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, places it within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E17D6FBCAFCA00A3F" box="[664,777,1124,1149]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17D6FBCAFCA00A3F" box="[664,777,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (see above, cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E1110FBCBFB5A0A3E" author="Muricy" box="[1118,1267,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Muricy, G. (2011) Diversity of Indo-Australian Plakortis (Demospongiae: Plakinidae), with description of four new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 303 - 319. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410000743" type="journal article" year="2011">Muricy 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1048FBCAFA350A3F" box="[1286,1436,1124,1149]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1048FBCAFA350A3F" box="[1286,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from all species of this complex by its association status with either haplosclerid, as well as by color, shape, size consistency and spicule composition. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E16FAFB02FBE20A87" box="[948,1099,1196,1221]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16FAFB02FBE20A87" box="[948,1099,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has an irregular surface with large oscules which sets it apart from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E17C0FB60FD5C0AAA" box="[654,757,1231,1256]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17C0FB60FD5C0AAA" box="[654,757,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in this group. Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1165FB7EFB000AAA" box="[1067,1193,1231,1256]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="edwarsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1165FB7EFB000AAA" box="[1067,1193,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. edwarsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only large diods are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1445FB5AFE360B4F" box="[267,415,1268,1293]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1445FB5AFE360B4F" box="[267,415,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that form organized ectosomal meshes without cluttering opened circular spaces. Diods are also densely packed in both the ectosome and choanosome.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E167DFAB6FC610B72" box="[819,968,1303,1328]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E167DFAB6FC610B72" box="[819,968,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occasionally forms lacunae which are not present in
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1442FA92FEC40B16" box="[268,365,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. da r i a e</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E14DBFA92FDBA0B17" box="[405,531,1340,1365]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14DBFA92FDBA0B17" box="[405,531,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. insularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589FAF0FB2708D5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E140BFACEFDB20B3A" box="[325,539,1375,1400]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E140BFACEFDB20B3A" box="[325,539,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other species to associate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E16A9FACEFB2F0B3A" box="[999,1158,1375,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16A9FACEFB2F0B3A" box="[999,1158,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E11E9FACEFA950B3A" box="[1191,1340,1375,1400]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E11E9FACEFA950B3A" box="[1191,1340,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(but see remarks above regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E14FAFA2AFD260BDF" box="[436,655,1412,1437]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14FAFA2AFD260BDF" box="[436,655,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. angulospiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as basibiont of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E160EFA2AFC760BDF" box="[832,991,1412,1437]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E160EFA2AFC760BDF" box="[832,991,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AC4FF86BFFD3CC4E116DFA2BFBC40BDF" box="[1059,1133,1412,1437]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E116DFA2BFBC40BDF" box="[1059,1133,1412,1437]" name="Belize" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E11D3FA2BFADB0BDE" author="Rutzler" box="[1181,1394,1412,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., van Soest, R. W. & Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Rützler
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E11B8FA2AFA8E0BDF" box="[1270,1319,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E15D9FA07FE8D0B82" box="[151,292,1447,1472]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E147AFA06FE7A0B82" box="[308,467,1447,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E147AFA06FE7A0B82" box="[308,467,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also an epibiont of
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17A5FA06FC2B0B82" box="[747,898,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. s y m b i o t i c a</emphasis>
|
||
. There are several morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E15B3FA62FE7D0BA7" box="[253,468,1484,1509]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E15B3FA62FE7D0BA7" box="[253,468,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1743FA62FD0D0BA7" box="[525,676,1484,1509]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1743FA62FD0D0BA7" box="[525,676,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example,
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E161CFA62FC4F0BA6" box="[850,998,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. s y m b i o t i c a</emphasis>
|
||
has only large diods with small diods absent. The large diods are significantly more bent than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1603FA5EFB8F084A" box="[845,1062,1519,1544]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1603FA5EFB8F084A" box="[845,1062,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E1177FA40FB29084A" box="[1081,1152,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[234,1337,199,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[223,1353,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis deweerdtaephila sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254645) (basibiont-brown) fully overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (epibiont-pink) in Panama; the specimen has been uplifted from the bottom to show the basibiont; oscules directed downwards are visible; (B) Bahamas USNM 1254647 (brown) partially overgrown by X. deweerdtae (pink); (C) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (D) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (E) closeup of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (F) diods from specimens from Panama (SEM); (G-H) diods from specimens collected in the Bahamas (SEM); (I) triods from specimens from Panama (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255303/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F). The ectosome has circular meshes with smaller diameters (43–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17E8F9BBFD6B086E" box="[678,706,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">73</emphasis>
|
||
–121 µm;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E160CF9BBFC20086E" box="[834,905,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,198,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[215,1371,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Plakortis symbiotica sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254650) (brown) being overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (pink) with zoanthids (red) in situ; (B) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (C) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (D) close-up of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (E-F) diods (SEM); (G) triods (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255304/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) than the ectosomal circular meshes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E10C9F9BAFEF90812" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E10C9F9BAFEF90812" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1416F998FEC80812" bold="true" box="[344,353,1591,1616]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">(</emphasis>
|
||
114–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14D6F997FE6B0812" box="[408,450,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">205</emphasis>
|
||
–329 µm;
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E1779F998FDD30812" box="[567,634,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[234,1337,199,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[223,1353,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Plakortis deweerdtaephila sp. nov. (A) holotype (USNM 1254645) (basibiont-brown) fully overgrown by Xestospongia deweerdtae (epibiont-pink) in Panama; the specimen has been uplifted from the bottom to show the basibiont; oscules directed downwards are visible; (B) Bahamas USNM 1254647 (brown) partially overgrown by X. deweerdtae (pink); (C) tangential section of the ectosome (LM); (D) perpendicular section through the ectosome and choanosome (LM); (E) closeup of a perpendicular section through the choanosome (LM); (F) diods from specimens from Panama (SEM); (G-H) diods from specimens collected in the Bahamas (SEM); (I) triods from specimens from Panama (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255303/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The ectosome is denser and harder to differentiate in cross-sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E15F2F9F2FEF00837" box="[188,345,1628,1653]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E15F2F9F2FEF00837" box="[188,345,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1484F9F2FD0C0837" box="[458,677,1628,1653]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1484F9F2FD0C0837" box="[458,677,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Subectosomal lacunae are present but much fewer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E10C9F9F2FEB908DA" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E10C9F9F2FEB908DA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the choanosome also appears to have more circular meshes than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E16BCF92EFB2F08DA" box="[1010,1158,1663,1688]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16BCF92EFB2F08DA" box="[1010,1158,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4E1589F90BFB1E090E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E145BF90AFE4208FF" box="[277,491,1700,1725]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E145BF90AFE4208FF" box="[277,491,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E14B6F90AFD2708FF" box="[504,654,1700,1725]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14B6F90AFD2708FF" box="[504,654,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules were compared with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E110DF90AFAB508FF" box="[1091,1308,1700,1725]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E110DF90AFAB508FF" box="[1091,1308,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD3CC4E1008F90BFE8C08A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E15D9F966FF6008A2" box="[151,201,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and shown to be larger in the latter. Our direct comparisons with a specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E118CF966FA3508A2" box="[1218,1436,1735,1760]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E118CF966FA3508A2" box="[1218,1436,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD3CC4E1590F942FEC40947" box="[222,365,1772,1797]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
show that
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E174AF942FD090946" box="[516,672,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. s y m b i o t i c a</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished by having smaller spicules and like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E10C9F942FEF9096A" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E10C9F942FEF9096A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules never cross the surface of the ectosome or the open spaces of the circular meshes. Circular meshes are therefore better defined in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E17E9F89AFCD5090F" box="[679,892,1844,1869]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E17E9F89AFCD5090F" box="[679,892,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1699F89AFB19090F" box="[983,1200,1844,1869]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1699F89AFB19090F" box="[983,1200,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD3CC4F1589F8F8FEAD0F92" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1589F8F8FE670932" bold="true" box="[199,462,1879,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
Our phylogenetic analysis used maximum likelihood to compare partial sequences of the cytochrome b (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E143EF8D3FE3009D7" box="[368,409,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">cob</emphasis>
|
||
) and c (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E14BBF8D3FD8209D6" box="[501,555,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
) genes of our new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E164CF8D3FCC009D7" box="[770,873,1916,1941]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E164CF8D3FCC009D7" box="[770,873,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. to other homoscleromorph sponge sequences deposited in GenBank. Our analysis confirmed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E1796F80EFC0409FB" box="[728,941,1952,1977]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1796F80EFC0409FB" box="[728,941,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16FCF80FFBA509FB" bold="true" box="[946,1036,1952,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E16FCF80FFBA509FB" box="[946,1036,1952,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E110EF80EFB7D09FB" box="[1088,1236,1952,1977]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E110EF80EFB7D09FB" box="[1088,1236,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E1195F80FFA9D09FB" bold="true" box="[1243,1332,1952,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD3CC4E1195F80FFA9D09FB" box="[1243,1332,1952,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are more closely related to one another than to any other homoscleromorph or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD3CC4E16ACF86BFBE0099F" box="[994,1097,1988,2013]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="217" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD3CC4E16ACF86BFBE0099F" box="[994,1097,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD3CC4E11F3F86BFAA0099E" box="[1213,1289,1988,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="217">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sequence homology between both species was 93% for
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F17EAFF38FD640EF2" box="[676,717,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">cob</emphasis>
|
||
and 94% for
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F1622FF37FC080EF2" box="[876,929,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
and formed a clade that was supported with bootstrap values (85 and 78% respectively). On the other hand, these differences are enough to support their status as separate species, which is further supported by the morphological differences outlined above. The closest relatives of the new species were
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F175CFEAAFD2A0F5F" box="[530,643,260,285]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F175CFEAAFD2A0F5F" box="[530,643,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F17F5FEAAFC890F5F" box="[699,800,260,285]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dariae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F17F5FEAAFC890F5F" box="[699,800,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. dariae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a 92% sequence homology for both genes. Despite having similar morphological features compared to
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F17AFFE86FCF60F02" box="[737,863,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. e dw ard s i</emphasis>
|
||
, this species turned out to be more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F15FAFEE2FE240F27" box="[180,397,332,357]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="halichondrioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F15FAFEE2FE240F27" box="[180,397,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. halichondrioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F148DFEE2FD370F27" box="[451,670,332,357]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulospiculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F148DFEE2FD370F27" box="[451,670,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. angulospiculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the phylogenetic analysis of both genes (Ereskovsky
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F105AFEE2FAE40F27" box="[1300,1357,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). Support values in the phylogenetic analysis for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F17ACFEDEFCD10FCA" box="[738,888,367,392]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F17ACFEDEFCD10FCA" box="[738,888,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F16FCFEDEFB210FCA" box="[946,1160,367,392]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtaephila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F16FCFEDEFB210FCA" box="[946,1160,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">P. deweerdtaephila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clades suggests that the symbiotic association of these sponges with other sponges is perhaps an ancestral, and even a synapomorphic character.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD2CC4F1589FE73FE380C55" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD2CC4F1589FE73FE380C55" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F1589FE73FEE70FB7" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F1487FE73FDEB0FB7" box="[457,578,476,501]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F1487FE73FDEB0FB7" box="[457,578,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
denotes the tendency of the new species to associate with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F1180FE72FAC40FB7" box="[1230,1389,476,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F1180FE72FAC40FB7" box="[1230,1389,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">X. deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD2CC4F15D9FDAEFE980C5A" box="[151,305,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F15D9FDAEFE980C5A" box="[151,305,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD2CC4F1476FE50FE380C55" box="[312,401,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD2CC4F1476FE50FE230C5A" bold="true" box="[312,394,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="218">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |