355 lines
40 KiB
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355 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4f39951-a4b7-4781-a77c-35a7cb7b3bef" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-72-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532305" ID-ZooBank="CA13DAABA1DA4057ACF8CAC7495BAEE6" ModsDocID="1314-2607-72-45" checkinTime="1572595427286" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, David R. & Nishida, Kenji" docDate="2019" docId="9385C181938F53AB8AD8C73EA9FB1C46" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 72: 45-65" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 72" docPubDate="2019-10-31" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908" docTitle="Leseha carranzae Smith & Nishida 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AFC92EC4-0D39-4D78-B776-11FDD9477395" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E" masterDocTitle="A new genus and three new species of Neotropical sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from Costa Rica, with host plants and life history notes" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1678753251937" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new genus and three new species of Neotropical sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) from Costa Rica, with host plants and life history notes</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, c / o National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, MRC 168, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sawfly2@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nishida, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Collaborator, Museo de Zoologia, Universidad de Costa Rica & Estacion Biologica Monteverde, Apdo. 22 - 5655, Monteverde, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2019-10-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>72</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.72.38908</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-72-45</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">CA13DAABA1DA4057ACF8CAC7495BAEE6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F486FCB6C6A596DB180F35F61E7DB5E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3532305</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160104981" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AFC92EC4-0D39-4D78-B776-11FDD9477395" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9385C181938F53AB8AD8C73EA9FB1C46" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/AFC92EC4-0D39-4D78-B776-11FDD9477395" authority="Smith & Nishida" authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Leseha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leseha carranzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carranzae" status="sp. nov.">Leseha carranzae Smith & Nishida</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="45">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figs 38-44</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">, 45-50</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Black with contrasting white basal 3 tarsomeres. Wings a contrasting bright yellow. Female lancet (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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) short, but with distinct serrulae and annuli at apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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): Length, 10.0 mm. Black, small mark on outer surface of scape and basal 3 tarsomeres white. Wings, with veins and stigma, completely golden yellow. Head and thorax shiny, without sculpture, abdomen dull and densely microsculptured.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Figs 39</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">40</figureCitation>
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): Antenna 2.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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head width; scape and pedicel each slightly longer than broad; 3rd antennomere slightly longer than 4th, 4th to 9th antennomeres gradually decreasing in length. Malar space less than half diameter of front ocellus; clypeus with shallow, circular emargination. Lower interocular distance subequal to eye height. Distances between eye and lateral ocellus, between lateral ocelli, and between lateral ocellus and hind margin of head as 1.0: 0.5:1.2; postocellar area almost quadrate, very slightly broader than long, with deep lateral grooves.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Thorax</emphasis>
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: Hind basitarsus slightly longer than length of remaining tarsomeres combined, as 1.0:0.8; apical hind tibial spurs sub equal in length, length slightly less than width of hind tibia at apex. Hind tibia and hind basitarsus slightly flattened, each with longitudinal groove. Tarsal claw with long inner tooth, very slightly shorter than outer tooth.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Sheath (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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) short and rounded at apex in lateral view; in dorsal view, uniformly wide with stiff, straight hairs at apex. Lancet (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
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) short, with few annuli and serrulae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Male</emphasis>
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: Length 8.5-9.5 mm. Color and structure as for female. Genitalia in
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">Figs 43</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 38–44" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 38 - 44. Leseha carranzae 38 female, dorsolateral view 39 head, front 40 head, top 41 female sheath, lateral 42 female lancet 43 male genital capsule 44 male penis valve." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44">44</figureCitation>
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; harpes oval, slightly longer than broad; parapenis very narrow, elongate, apex slanted laterally; valviceps of penis valve rounded at apex, with narrow dorsal lobe directed posterorly.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532317" doi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures38-44" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351513" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 38–44" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 38-44.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Leseha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leseha carranzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carranzae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Leseha carranzae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">38</emphasis>
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female, dorsolateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">39</emphasis>
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head, front
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">40</emphasis>
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head, top
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">41</emphasis>
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female sheath, lateral
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">42</emphasis>
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female lancet
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">43</emphasis>
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male genital capsule
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">44</emphasis>
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male penis valve.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Larva</emphasis>
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: Last feeding instar (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">Figs 45</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">48-50</figureCitation>
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): Ca. 20 mm long. Head black; width ca. 2.5 mm. Body reddish yellow with longitudinal 3 dark green to dark gray stripes (one mesially on dorsum, other two above lateral lobes). Thorax laterally reddish yellow with black spots, thoracic legs black, spiracular to proleg area of abdominal segments 1-10 creamy white. Abdominal segment 10 and anal plate black (n = 7).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532319" doi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 45–50" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 45-50.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Leseha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leseha carranzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carranzae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Leseha carranzae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">45</emphasis>
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wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">46</emphasis>
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habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">47</emphasis>
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closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">48</emphasis>
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six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum bellermannianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellermannianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum bellermannianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and two other larvae 'in search of food
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<normalizedToken originalValue="plant’">plant'</normalizedToken>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">49</emphasis>
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last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">50</emphasis>
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three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum lingua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fed area shown on lower right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Holotype female, labeled "COSTA RICA, Puntarenas Province, Monteverde,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
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Monteverde, 1530 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="08.5" value="10.319028">10°19'08.5"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="84" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="32.0" value="-84.80889">84°48'32.0"W</geoCoordinate>
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, larvae collected 4.xii.2017, adults 1.i.2018 to 27.i.2018,
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., Kenji Nishida" (USNM). Paratypes: Same data as for holotype (4 ♀, 2 ♂, MZUCR, USNM), on leaf, 6.viii.2018 (1 ♀, MZUCR); Costa Rica, San
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<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zurquí">Zurqui</normalizedToken>
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Moravia, 1600 m, iii.1999, P. Hanson (1 ♀, MZUCR), same except iv.1995 (1 ♀, MZUCR), same except viii.1995 (1 ♀, USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Named after Melanie Carranza who started to have a passion for insects and helped with the rearing of this species and getting the adults.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Host, life history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Larvae were feeding on
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum hellermannianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hellermannianum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum hellermannianum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E. lingua</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(under natural conditions) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. hammelianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hammelianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E. hammelianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(under rearing conditions) (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dryopteridaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). On a windy afternoon of 4.xii.2017, while KN was sitting on a chair outside in front of the laboratory of EBM, a sawfly larva climbed on to his shirt (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). KN had not seen this larva before and started to search for the host plant in the surrounding environment. The larva was placed in a translucent plastic bag with leaves of ca. 10 plant species, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrsinaceae" genus="Myrsine" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrsine coriacea" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coriacea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Myrsine coriacea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Myrsinaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="family">Myrsinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Myrcia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrcia splendens" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="splendens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Myrcia splendens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Cormus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cormus disciflora" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="disciflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Cormus disciflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cornaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus insignis" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Quercus insignis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. cortesii" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cortesii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Q. cortesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however, the larva did not feed on any of these plants. The larva under captive conditions appeared to walk/move upwards to a higher position, and KN searched for other plants that grow on the higher part of trees, such as epiphytic ferns. KN collected
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Elaphoglosum" lsidName="Elaphoglosum hammelianum" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="hammelianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglosum hammelianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that was growing 4-5 m from the ground and placed in the plastic bag. The larva readily fed on the fern. KN searched for more larvae on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ferns growing on trees in front of the laboratory, and found eight more larvae in a patch of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species growing on a dead branch (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">Figs 46</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">47</figureCitation>
|
||
).The larvae were feeding on thick and tough blades of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E. lingua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 45–50" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 45 - 50. Leseha carranzae 45 wandering last feeding instar larva (arrow) on shirt of KN 46 habitat with chair where wandering larva appeared (arrow pointing at location of host plants with larvae) 47 closer view of habitat (arrow pointing at host plants where larvae were present) 48 six last feeding instar larvae shown in indicated white circle, four last feeding instar larvae resting on abaxil of Elaphoglossum bellermannianum and two other larvae ' in search of food plant' 49 last feeding instar (lateral view) reaching for next frond 50 three last feeding instar and one penultimate feeding instar (dorsal view) resting abaxial of Elaphoglossum lingua, fed area shown on lower right." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351514" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures45-50">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
). When finished devouring a blade the larvae walked around and settled on abaxial of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. bellermannianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellermannianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E. bellermannianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and stared to feed on it eventually. The larvae were collected and placed in the plastic rearing bag along with the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. patch attached to the soil. Additionally, a small patch of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="E. lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">E. lingua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was added for rearing. The larvae fed on all three species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
under rearing conditions. From 9.xii.2017 the larvae started to disappear from fronds little by little until 17.xii.2017. The larvae probably spun cocoons within the attached soil, rhizome, and roots, and pupated. Adult emergence occurred between 1.i.2018 and 27.i.2018. Part of the life history data and additional information were published online (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nishida, K" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/web/15/269653/121800062/?P=2" refId="B17" refString="Nishida, K, 2017. Entomological detective searched for host plant of an unknown Symphyta larva deviating from its cohort. No. 150th. Insect-centered daily life. Web National Geographic Japan. http://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/web/15/269653/121800062/?P=2" title="Entomological detective searched for host plant of an unknown Symphyta larva deviating from its cohort. No. 150 th. Insect-centered daily life. Web National Geographic Japan." url="http://natgeo.nikkeibp.co.jp/atcl/web/15/269653/121800062/?P=2" year="2017">Nishida 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). See Type Material section and above for collecting and rearing records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum bellermannianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bellermannianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum bellermannianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a scaly blade (leather like) epiphytic fern, with elongate oval shaped blade of 6-17 cm long by 1.5-4 cm wide, relatively thick and dark green on adaxial. The species has been recorded from Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911X592722" author="Vasco, A" journalOrPublisher="Blumera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="165 - 202" refId="B26" refString="Vasco, A, 2011. Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae). Blumera 56: 165 - 202, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911X592722" title="Taxonomic revision of Elaphoglossum subsection Muscosa (Dryopteridaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3767/000651911X592722" volume="56" year="2011">Vasco 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mickel, JT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org" refId="B15" refString="2018. . http://www.tropicos.org" url="http://www.tropicos.org" year="2018">Missouri Botanical Garden 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), In Costa Rica it is distributed between 1500 and 3100 m elevations.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum hammelianum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hammelianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum hammelianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is epiphytic, having relatively thin, narrow and long blade (up to 20-30 cm) with wavy margin. Pale brown scales are present scattered along the blade (KN personal observation 2017, 2018). It has been recorded from elevations between 900 and 3100 m from Costa Rica through western Panama (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mickel, JT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org" refId="B15" refString="2018. . http://www.tropicos.org" url="http://www.tropicos.org" year="2018">Missouri Botanical Garden 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum lingua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an epiphytic or terrestrial fern with thick and crunchy tongue-shaped blades. The blade grows up to ca. 24 by 7 cm. It is found from Costa Rica, Antilles to Brazil at Tropic of Capricorn and recorded along the mountain ranges of Costa Rica between 1100 and 2700 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mickel, JT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org/Project/FM" refId="B14" refString="Mickel, JT, 2009. Elaphoglossum lingua (C. Presi) Brack. Flora Mesoamericana. http://www.tropicos.org/Project/FM" title="Elaphoglossum lingua (C. Presi) Brack. Flora Mesoamericana." url="http://www.tropicos.org/Project/FM" year="2009">Mickel 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mickel, JT" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.tropicos.org" refId="B15" refString="2018. . http://www.tropicos.org" url="http://www.tropicos.org" year="2018">Missouri Botanical Garden 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, KN personal observation 2017, 2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Selandriinae">Selandriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reared from ferns at the same study site: a single specimen of a black and pink
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘firefly-mimicking”">'firefly-mimicking"</normalizedToken>
|
||
species from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Elaphoglossum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaphoglossum lingua" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lingua">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Elaphoglossum lingua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and more than 30 adults of another species from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Blechnum appendiculatum" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="appendiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Blechnum appendiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Blechnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Also, unidentified sawfly larvae (n = 2) were collected feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Serpocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Serpocaulon ptilorhizon" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ptilorhizon">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Serpocaulon ptilorhizon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polypodiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however, adults were not obtained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3532321" doi="10.3897/jhr.72.38908.figures51-55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/351515" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figures 51–55" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figures 51-55.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">51, 52, 54, 55</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malaise" authorityYear="1942" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Andeana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andeana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Andeana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">53</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith & Nishida" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Leseha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leseha vespa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Leseha vespa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">51</emphasis>
|
||
head front
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">52</emphasis>
|
||
head dorsal
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">53</emphasis>
|
||
trsal claw
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">54</emphasis>
|
||
tarsal claw
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">55</emphasis>
|
||
hindwing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |