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<document id="1DF5D0BE3961579761E20A090CA7CA22" ID-CLB-Dataset="4955" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71b1cbb5-3e51-4125-93de-a1af8fc9e2c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928651" ID-ZooBank="9D5096C6-EB6F-425C-B982-634792B54E84" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623435861515" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Chao &amp; Derkarabetian, Shahan" docDate="2021" docId="7A2787AFFFD3BE38F9B4FD26FA97F93F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4984.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4984 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sinonychia Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian 2021, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="3E5B75D9-94F0-4B4E-8D09-89A5A916495C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="861EFFD7FFD2BE39F923FFF1FFD0FFAB" masterDocTitle="First record of Travunioidea (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) from China, with the description of a new monotypic genus from a cave" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1699012263460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FA43EF4CD059686744972FB19B7DF26E">First record of Travunioidea (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) from China, with the description of a new monotypic genus from a cave</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97603CC6C5EE01947D94E722D412A0FC">Zhang, Chao</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5E9CBC271696EBE98FFA0043353A2ABB">The Key Laboratory of Invertebrate Systematics and Application, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ACD9F63CCE55C19C66CC64943A36EDCD">Derkarabetian, Shahan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D056543E70BC84040887D84F227A754">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. sderkarabetian @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9163 - 9277</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="7A2787AFFFD3BE38F9B4FD26FA97F93F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205833" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184410587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5205833" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E5B75D9-94F0-4B4E-8D09-89A5A916495C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A2787AFFFD3BE38F9B4FD26FA97F93F" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9B4FD26FEAAFD5A" blockId="1.[151,378,727,789]" box="[151,378,727,754]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<heading id="A97981D5FFD3BE38F9B4FD26FEAAFD5A" bold="true" box="[151,378,727,754]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38F9B4FD26FEF0FD59" ID-CoL="9X5HL" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,288,727,754]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F9B4FD26FEF0FD59" bold="true" box="[151,288,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38F804FD26FEAAFD5A" box="[295,378,727,753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38F9B4FD0AFED8FCBE" box="[151,264,763,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–15" captionStart-2="FIGURES 16–21" captionStart-3="FIGURES 22–27" captionStart-4="FIGURES 28–31" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,264,1906,1930]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,264,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1358,285,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[298,1297,192,1879]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1434,452,1865]" captionTargetBox-4="[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@2.[218,1369,273,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@4.[283,1303,181,1883]" captionTargetId-3="figure-148@5.[154,1434,452,1867]" captionTargetId-4="figure-174@7.[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604). 1 Body, lateral. 2–3 Left chelicera (2 ental, 3 ectal). 4 Cheliceral fingers, frontal. 5 Left pedipalp, ectal. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 5); 0.5 mm (2–3); 0.25 mm (4)." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." captionText-2="FIGURES 16–21. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (16–19: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratype (20–21: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605). 16 Penis, lateral. 17–19 Distal part of penis (17 ventral, 18 dorsal, 19 lateral). 20–21 Ovipositor (20 ventral, 21 dorsal). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (16); 0.25 mm (20–21); 0.125 mm (17–19)." captionText-3="FIGURES 22–27. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., male holotype (22–24: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female allotype (25–27: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605), photographs of body and parts of appendages (22, 25 dorsal; 23, 26 lateral; 24, 27 ventral). Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 28–31. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., photographs of body and parts of appendages of four female paratypes (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0608–0611), dorsal. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (30); 1 mm (28–29); 2 mm (31)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928653" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928659" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928663" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928665" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928653/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4928659/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4928663/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4928665/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 1–31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38F837FD0AFEE0FCBE" box="[276,304,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–33" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,1506,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-210@7.[154,1434,1506,1909]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 32–33. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n. and its type locality. 32. Entrance of Tangren Cave. 33. Living female (MHBU-Opi-20ZC1212) in its natural habitat." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928667/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">33</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9B4FCB1FBF0FCFC" blockId="1.[151,1056,831,856]" box="[151,1056,831,856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
ZooBank LSID:
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="86280C6CFFD3BE38FB1EFCCEFBF0FCFC" box="[573,1056,831,855]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">3E5B75D9-94F0-4B4E-8D09-89A5A916495C</uuid>
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<subSubSection id="BA946532FFD3BE38F9B4FC77FDB7FC0B" box="[151,615,901,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9B4FC77FDB7FC0B" blockId="1.[151,1437,901,1684]" box="[151,615,901,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F9B4FC77FEE4FC34" bold="true" box="[151,308,901,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<typeStatus id="2D35881BFFD3BE38F9B4FC77FF02FC0B" box="[151,210,902,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38F81FFC77FDF1FC0B" ID-CoL="9X5HK" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[316,545,902,928]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martensi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F81FFC77FDF1FC0B" box="[316,545,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia martensi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FB0BFC77FDB7FC0B" bold="true" box="[552,615,902,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38FB0BFC77FDB7FC0B" box="[552,615,902,928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BA946532FFD3BE38F9E4FC58FAA1FAA3" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9E4FC58FAA1FAA3" blockId="1.[151,1437,901,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F9E4FC58FE92FC68" bold="true" box="[199,322,937,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38F86BFC5BFE14FC6F" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[328,452,938,964]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F86BFC5BFE14FC6F" box="[328,452,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F8EFFC5BFDCBFC6F" bold="true" box="[460,539,938,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38F8EFFC5BFDCBFC6F" box="[460,539,938,964]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be differentiated from all other
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FA8CFC5BFB8FFC6F" authorityName="Hadzi" authorityYear="1935" box="[943,1119,938,964]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cladonychiidae</taxonomicName>
genera on the basis of penis morphology, having a combination of two pairs of relatively thick lateral setae on the glans, a cylindrical, basally widening glans, and an elongate stylus arising apically. Morphologically the new genus is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FC75FC03FF20FB9B" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Travuniidae" genus="Speleonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FC75FC03FF20FB9B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Speleonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Pacific Northwest of North America but can be distinguished by several characters. First, in spination of the penis: in
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38F855FBCBFE22FBFF" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[374,498,1082,1108]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F855FBCBFE22FBFF" box="[374,498,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F8DAFBCBFD97FBFF" bold="true" box="[505,583,1082,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38F8DAFBCBFD97FBFF" box="[505,583,1082,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
two pairs of apical setae on the penis are thick and at a 90˚ or larger angle to the stylus, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38F8AFFBAFFDF1FBD3" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1974" box="[396,545,1118,1144]" class="Arachnida" family="Travuniidae" genus="Speleonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F8AFFBAFFDF1FBD3" box="[396,545,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Speleonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
these setae are at a much smaller angle, directed apicad (
<bibRefCitation id="961F4B48FFD3BE38FDBAFBAFFAF8FBD3" author="Briggs, T. S." box="[1177,1320,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref4783" refString="Briggs, T. S. (1974) Troglobitic harvestmen recently discovered in North American lava tubes (Travuniidae, Erebomastridae, Triaenonychidae: Opiliones). The Journal of Arachnology, 1 (3), 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1974">Briggs 1974</bibRefCitation>
: figs 7–8). Second, the shape of the glans: in
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FB2FFB73FD58FB37" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[524,648,1154,1180]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FB2FFB73FD58FB37" box="[524,648,1154,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38FBADFB73FD0CFB37" box="[654,732,1154,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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the glans is almost cylindrical, with a wide, blunt apex and with the stylus arising sub-terminally, while in
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FB4AFB57FD2EFB6B" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1974" box="[617,766,1190,1216]" class="Arachnida" family="Travuniidae" genus="Speleonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FB4AFB57FD2EFB6B" box="[617,766,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Speleonychia</emphasis>
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the glans is more triangular, with a more pointed apex and a stylus arising terminally. Third, in spination of the pedipalpal femur:
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FAB6FB3BFBC1FB4F" authority="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian, 2021" authorityName="Zhang &amp; Derkarabetian" authorityYear="2021" box="[917,1041,1226,1252]" class="Arachnida" family="Cladonychiidae" genus="Sinonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FAB6FB3BFBC1FB4F" box="[917,1041,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Sinonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FD3BFB3BFBB6FB4F" bold="true" box="[1048,1126,1226,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DBC957D0FFD3BE38FD3BFB3BFBB6FB4F" box="[1048,1126,1226,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has multiple distal SBTs on the ventral surface at the distal end (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FB0FFB1FFD43FAA2" box="[556,659,1262,1289]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–15" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1358,285,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@2.[218,1369,273,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604). 1 Body, lateral. 2–3 Left chelicera (2 ental, 3 ectal). 4 Cheliceral fingers, frontal. 5 Left pedipalp, ectal. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 5); 0.5 mm (2–3); 0.25 mm (4)." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928653" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928653/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FBCFFB1FFC51FAA3" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1974" box="[748,897,1262,1288]" class="Arachnida" family="Travuniidae" genus="Speleonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FBCFFB1FFC51FAA3" box="[748,897,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Speleonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only a single SBT (
<bibRefCitation id="961F4B48FFD3BE38FDAFFB1FFACBFAA3" author="Briggs, T. S." box="[1164,1307,1262,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref4783" refString="Briggs, T. S. (1974) Troglobitic harvestmen recently discovered in North American lava tubes (Travuniidae, Erebomastridae, Triaenonychidae: Opiliones). The Journal of Arachnology, 1 (3), 205 - 214." type="journal article" year="1974">Briggs 1974</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA946532FFD3BE38F9E4FAE3FABFFA33" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9E4FAE3FABFFA33" blockId="1.[151,1437,901,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F9E4FAE3FE9EFA87" bold="true" box="[199,334,1298,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is composed of “Sino”, derived from the Latin word “Sinae” (from the Ancient Greek “Σῖναι”) which generally refers to
<collectingCountry id="8A997629FFD3BE38FB4AFAC7FD7FFAFB" box="[617,687,1334,1360]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">China</collectingCountry>
, and of the Latin noun “onyx” (from the Ancient Greek “ὄνῠχος”) meaning ‘claw’, a common name applied to many travunioid and triaenonychoid genera. The second part of the new genus name also indicates morphological similarity with the genus
<taxonomicName id="358E4D3AFFD3BE38FAAAFA8FFBCEFA33" authorityName="Briggs" authorityYear="1974" box="[905,1054,1406,1432]" class="Arachnida" family="Travuniidae" genus="Speleonychia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38FAAAFA8FFBCEFA33" box="[905,1054,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Speleonychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus name is feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BA946532FFD3BE38F9E4FA50FA97F93F" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="F23136B9FFD3BE38F9E4FA50FA97F93F" blockId="1.[151,1437,901,1684]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="C0FAEAABFFD3BE38F9E4FA50FE89FA10" bold="true" box="[199,345,1441,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Description.</emphasis>
Highly troglomorphic with unpigmented body (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FA5FFA53FBD1FA17" box="[892,1025,1442,1468]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22–27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28–31" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,452,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@5.[154,1434,452,1867]" captionTargetId-1="figure-174@7.[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 22–27. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., male holotype (22–24: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female allotype (25–27: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605), photographs of body and parts of appendages (22, 25 dorsal; 23, 26 lateral; 24, 27 ventral). Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 28–31. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., photographs of body and parts of appendages of four female paratypes (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0608–0611), dorsal. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (30); 1 mm (28–29); 2 mm (31)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928663" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928665" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928663/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928665/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 22–31</figureCitation>
). Ocularium greatly reduced in size, smooth, set back from anterior margin of carapace; eyes and retinae completely absent (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FDB5FA37FB30FA4B" box="[1174,1248,1478,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,285,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-50@2.[218,1369,273,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–5. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604). 1 Body, lateral. 2–3 Left chelicera (2 ental, 3 ectal). 4 Cheliceral fingers, frontal. 5 Left pedipalp, ectal. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 5); 0.5 mm (2–3); 0.25 mm (4)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928653" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928653/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FDD2FA37FAECFA4B" box="[1265,1340,1478,1504]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 22–27" captionStart-1="FIGURES 28–31" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1421,1445]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1434,452,1865]" captionTargetBox-1="[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetId-0="figure-148@5.[154,1434,452,1867]" captionTargetId-1="figure-174@7.[154,1434,453,1398]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 22–27. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., male holotype (22–24: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female allotype (25–27: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605), photographs of body and parts of appendages (22, 25 dorsal; 23, 26 lateral; 24, 27 ventral). Scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 28–31. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., photographs of body and parts of appendages of four female paratypes (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0608–0611), dorsal. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (30); 1 mm (28–29); 2 mm (31)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928663" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928665" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928663/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928665/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">22–31</figureCitation>
). Dorsal scutum of the “eta” (η) category of
<bibRefCitation id="961F4B48FFD3BE38FB00FA1BFCEAF9AE" author="Kury, A. B. &amp; Medrano, M." box="[547,826,1514,1541]" pageId="1" pageNumber="88" pagination="130 - 134" refId="ref5371" refString="Kury, A. B. &amp; Medrano, M. (2016) Review of terminology for the outline of dorsal scutum in Laniatores (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 130 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4097.1.9" type="journal article" year="2016">Kury &amp; Medrano (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Genital operculum nearly triangular (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FDC7FA1BFAF8F9AF" box="[1252,1320,1514,1540]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Sternum elongate and narrowly triangular (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FB3CF9FFFDB6F983" box="[543,614,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Pedipalps thin, elongate, lacking pigment, with thin SBTs (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FC04F9FFFA40F982" box="[1319,1424,1550,1577]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6–15" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1927,1951]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1358,285,1892]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetId-0="figure-50@2.[218,1369,273,1904]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–5. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604). 1 Body, lateral. 2–3 Left chelicera (2 ental, 3 ectal). 4 Cheliceral fingers, frontal. 5 Left pedipalp, ectal. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 5); 0.5 mm (2–3); 0.25 mm (4)." captionText-1="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928653" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928653/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
). Legs extremely long, thin, and lacking pigment. Claws III–IV with peltonychium (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FD18F9C3FB6EF9E7" box="[1083,1214,1586,1612]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–15" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[265,1325,191,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[254,1334,181,1800]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 6–15. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (6–11: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratypes (12–13: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605, 14: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0616, 15: MHBU-Opi-20ZC1205). 6 Left pedipalp, ental. 7 Body, dorsal. 8 Sternum, leg coxae I–IV and palpal coxae (genital operculum removed). 9 Genital operculum. 10–11 Right tarsal claw IV (10 lateral, 11 dorsal). 12–13 Right tarsal claw III (12 lateral, 13 dorsal). 14 Opisthosoma, lateral. 15 Midgut, dorsal. Abbreviations: D1—first primary diverticula, OD2—opisthosomal diverticula 2, OD3—opisthosomal diverticula 3. Scale bars: 1 mm (6–7, 14); 0.5 mm (8, 15); 0.25 mm (9–13)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928657" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928657/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 10–13</figureCitation>
). Penis truncus thin and elongate, musculature restricted to its base (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FB93F9A7FCD3F9DA" box="[688,771,1622,1649]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–21" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[298,1297,192,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[283,1303,181,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16–21. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (16–19: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratype (20–21: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605). 16 Penis, lateral. 17–19 Distal part of penis (17 ventral, 18 dorsal, 19 lateral). 20–21 Ovipositor (20 ventral, 21 dorsal). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (16); 0.25 mm (20–21); 0.125 mm (17–19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928659/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
); glans articulated with truncus, with two pairs of setae, the more distal pair being smaller than the other pair; stylus elongate, arising apically from glans (
<figureCitation id="6AB52A3CFFD3BE38FD94F98BFAEAF93F" box="[1207,1338,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURES 16–21" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[298,1297,192,1879]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[283,1303,181,1883]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 16–21. Sinonychia martensi gen. n. &amp; sp. n., holotype male (16–19: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0604) and female paratype (20–21: MHBU-Opi-18ZC0605). 16 Penis, lateral. 17–19 Distal part of penis (17 ventral, 18 dorsal, 19 lateral). 20–21 Ovipositor (20 ventral, 21 dorsal). Scale bars: 0.5 mm (16); 0.25 mm (20–21); 0.125 mm (17–19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928659" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928659/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="88">Figs 17–19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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