545 lines
126 KiB
XML
545 lines
126 KiB
XML
<document id="22AC79AC5F91AB240A39280D7A7ADB6B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8007" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8a2c7ea-0501-4755-91b6-bee9762b7d98" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425032" ID-ZooBank="19ECA75F-EB11-4677-8C16-3BAEDEC140F5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610038823793" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shen, Chengcheng, Zhang, Dongsheng, Lu, Bo & Wang, Chunsheng" docDate="2020" docId="225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4878.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4878 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tretopleura weijicus Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="331" masterDocId="DE626E26ED2DFFAF5259FFC64D20FFE5" masterDocTitle="A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="334" masterPageNumber="322" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1698923753223" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B94DC7791069B14B2838A081CF35EA26">A new species of glass sponge (Hexactinellida: Sceptrulophora: Uncinateridae) from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD37D27345C3F6F05FE6F0101C67227">Shen, Chengcheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01A7E1B3E7538FC93761220A1AAA099F">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China & shencc @ sio. org. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2505 - 0974</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3680A66330BCA5CD5B82390D18C3B97E" type="email">shencc@sio.org.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7B594AAF5ECE2A242BE669BF421C97AA">Zhang, Dongsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E51DAE67A0AB19F89537F4B996B41C56">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China & School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China & dszhang @ sio. org. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2736 - 3229</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C2FDB1552D8ACE3181EB7E8221F0ECC0" type="email">dszhang@sio.org.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C9D6FC9218EA71DB1604044E641EB77D">Lu, Bo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBD3EEE978F91B4DFE3679C45EB7B0D5">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China & jameslu 826 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4626 - 5528</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B7F818EE7E138B40608E72AE207725A5">Wang, Chunsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F8AB8CF5722B07DC305AC699C2333E76">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China & State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, P. R. China & School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="759FD8B6E41FEB47A765FA8F4B223703">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2C4C8A609A7A5B87EDF9CAEBA5C4A39E">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3621F620EB24CB4B3C305AC40E0E7EC4">4878</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="087BA1606254E6A014630EED968AB1DD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4878.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4426065" ID-GBIF-Taxon="179917425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4426065" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CD4FDF1" box="[151,500,505,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CD4FDF1" blockId="3.[151,500,505,568]" box="[151,500,505,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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<heading id="F1051024ED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CD4FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,500,505,532]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="98867B5AED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CD4FDF1" bold="true" box="[151,500,505,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CAFFDF1" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,399,505,532]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="98867B5AED2EFFAC52CEFE3F4CAFFDF1" bold="true" box="[151,399,505,532]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED2EFFAC53CFFE3C4CD4FDF1" box="[406,500,506,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED2EFFAC52CEFDD84C53FDDD" box="[151,371,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC52CEFDD84C53FDDD" blockId="3.[151,500,505,568]" box="[151,371,542,568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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(
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<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC52C6FDD84C2BFDDD" box="[159,267,542,568]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionStartId-5="11.[151,250,1360,1384]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetBox-1="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetBox-3="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetBox-4="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetBox-5="[160,1428,193,1327]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId-1="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId-2="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId-3="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId-5="figure-27@11.[151,1437,181,1337]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Maximum-likelihood tree based on concatenated data of COI and 16S. Scep. inc. sed., Sceptrulophora incertae sedis; Hexa. inc. sed., Hexasterophora incertae sedis." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425044" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4425044/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC534FFDD84C4AFDDD" box="[278,362,542,568]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED2EFFAC52CEFDA34C8EFD2D" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC52CEFDA34C8EFD2D" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="98867B5AED2EFFAC52CEFDA34CA0FD9A" bold="true" box="[151,384,613,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="1A9AAD15ED2EFFAC53DEFDA04C8EFD2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3043282301" collectingDate="2017-09-22" collectionCode="SRSIO" county="northwestern Pacific Ocean" elevation="1995" latitude="12.3772" location="Haima" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="156.2871" municipality="Weijia Seamount" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" specimenCode="MCROV02" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="754919EAED2EFFAC53DEFDA04CD4FD65" box="[391,500,614,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: SIO-POR-090,
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<collectionCode id="CCE33F8DED2EFFAC50F2FDA04FDDFD65" box="[683,765,614,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">SRSIO</collectionCode>
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,
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<location id="AF2DF193ED2EFFAC5151FDA04E73FD65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C:AF2DF193ED2EFFAC5151FDA04E73FD65" box="[776,851,614,640]" county="northwestern Pacific Ocean" latitude="12.3772" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="156.2871" municipality="Weijia Seamount" name="Haima" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Haima</location>
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ROV DY41B, dive
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<specimenCode id="FA540F33ED2EFFAC566FFDA0499CFD65" box="[1078,1212,614,640]" collectionCode="MCROV" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">MCROV02</specimenCode>
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, collected by Dong-sheng
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<location id="AF2DF193ED2EFFAC52B9FD4C4C0AFD41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225B165EED2EFFA652CEFE3F4962FC2C:AF2DF193ED2EFFAC52B9FD4C4C0AFD41" box="[224,298,650,676]" county="northwestern Pacific Ocean" latitude="12.3772" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="156.2871" municipality="Weijia Seamount" name="Zhang" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Zhang</location>
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,
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<date id="DE4C8188ED2EFFAC536EFD4C4CF5FD41" box="[311,469,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" value="2017-09-22">
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<collectingDate id="CE087860ED2EFFAC536EFD4C4CF5FD41" box="[311,469,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" value="2017-09-22">Sep. 22, 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="4A293D32ED2EFFAC53B9FD4C4F80FD41" box="[480,672,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Weijia Seamount</collectingMunicipality>
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in the
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<collectingCounty id="432CDFC4ED2EFFAC50A9FD4C4907FD41" box="[752,1063,650,676]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">northwestern Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="CFC6C18FED2EFFAC566FFD4C4994FD41" box="[1078,1204,650,676]" degrees="12.3772" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" precision="5" value="12.3772">12.3772°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CFC6C18FED2EFFAC5698FD4C486AFD40" box="[1217,1354,650,677]" degrees="156.2871" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" precision="5" value="156.2871">156.2871°E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth
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<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC52CEFD684DCEFD2D" box="[151,238,686,713]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="1995.0">
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<elevation id="21DF407BED2EFFAC52CEFD684DCEFD2D" box="[151,238,686,713]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="m" value="1995.0">1995 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, frozen at -20°C.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED2EFFA8529EFD1749A2FE10" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EFD174F0BFCBD" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="98867B5AED2EFFAC529EFD174C79FD0E" bold="true" box="[199,345,721,747]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Description.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="754919EAED2EFFAC53CBFD144CD4FD09" box="[402,500,722,748]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has a blade-like body form, bifurcating into mainly three branches at its top, with a slender peduncle attached to hard substrate and widening gradually towards the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5608FD304989FCF5" box="[1105,1193,758,784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Four segments were sampled, including one piece of the blade-like body and three segments of the lower peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5696FCDC4807FCD1" box="[1231,1319,794,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Color of the specimen is light beige to white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EFCA4491FFAED" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The body segment is
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC53E1FCA44F35FC99" box="[440,533,866,893]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="695.0">695 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC50DCFCA44E2BFC99" box="[645,779,866,893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.05" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="80.5" valueMax="116.0" valueMin="45.0">45–116 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5101FCA44E9CFC99" box="[856,956,866,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1B1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both surfaces longitudinally bulge in the central axes of branches to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC5395FC404F66FC45" box="[460,582,902,928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="13.0">13–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick. The bulge is gradual to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC51F9FC404EC2FC45" box="[928,994,902,928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
high in the dermal surface while semicylindrical to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC536BFC6C4CA0FC21" box="[306,384,938,964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
high in the atrial surface. Thus the transverse cross-section of the body is similar to the lateral view of a bowler hat (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC53C0FC084CD2FC0D" box="[409,498,974,1000]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The edges of the blade-like body are moderately thick-walled lamellae to about
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC52CEFC344DFBFBE9" box="[151,219,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, usually rolling up to the dermal side and pitted by non-overlapping channels penetrating vertically into the body wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC532CFBD04CCAFBD5" box="[373,490,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epirhyses and aporhyses in the edges of both surfaces are ovoid and in no regular arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC536AFBFC4CB0FBB1" box="[307,400,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC53D6FBFC4CE3FBB1" box="[399,451,1082,1108]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">1,D1</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are evident transition areas between axial and marginal areas in the dermal surface where epirhyses elongate longitudinally and occur in closed-spaced longitudinal series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56F2FB984833FB9D" box="[1195,1299,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2C2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epirhyses, 233.1–(847.8)–1865.0 µm in maximum diameter of the cleaned framework, are covered by a lattice of loose dermal pentactins and hexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC53E3FB604F32FB25" box="[442,530,1190,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC504BFB604F01FB25" box="[530,545,1190,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC5074FB604FA4FB25" box="[557,644,1190,1216]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Aporhyses, 267.5–(1065.6)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC518EFB604973FB25" box="[983,1107,1190,1217]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0368" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="2036.8">2036.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
in maximum diameter of the cleaned framework, are more widely spaced and mostly have no overlying of atrial spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56C0FB0C49D2FB01" box="[1177,1266,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56ABFB0C49DFFB01" box="[1266,1279,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC5750FB0C487EFB01" box="[1289,1374,1226,1252]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The bulging areas of both sides are usually smooth and without channels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC51FBFB284EDBFAED" box="[930,1019,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC51A3FB284927FAED" box="[1018,1031,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,D
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC567AFB284912FAED" box="[1059,1074,1262,1288]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EFAD44933FA05" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
Three segments of the lower peduncle are
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC50FAFAD44E3CFAC9" box="[675,796,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="37.0">37–50 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and totally
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC5187FAD4491BFAC9" box="[990,1083,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.809999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="881.0">881 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56DAFAD449F8FAC9" box="[1155,1240,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5681FAD449C9FAC9" box="[1240,1257,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The basal part of the peduncle is cylindrical, and its bottom is relatively round and flat with a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC56CCFAF0482EFAB5" box="[1173,1294,1334,1361]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="63.5" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="57.0">57–70 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5744FAF04856FAB5" box="[1309,1398,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It should be noted that the basal part of the peduncle was densely covered by anchorate spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC569BFA9C4815FA91" box="[1218,1333,1370,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 1A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further investigation indicated that these two-toothed anchors were extraneous and probably sourced from a lophophytous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED2EFFAC52CEFA644C6BFA59" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,331,1442,1468]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Pheronematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphidiscosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Pheronematidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponge which once grew on the base of this specimen and may have been dead for a long time to only leave its anchorate basalia implanting into and enwinding around the base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EFA2F4829F9CD" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2EFFAC529EFA2F4C15F9E6" bold="true" box="[199,309,1513,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
The choanosomal skeleton is a three-layered dictyonal framework consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer and two channelized peripheral layers on both dermal and atrial sides (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56FBF9C849DCF9CD" box="[1186,1276,1550,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EF9F44C41F95D" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The dermal and atrial peripheral layers consist of hexactine dictyonalia joined irregularly by tip-to-ray fusion at any angle, with rays slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC506AF9904F86F995" box="[563,678,1622,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 3B,D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The meshes of both cortices are irregularly triangular to polygonal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC52F9F9BC4C34F971" box="[160,276,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 4A,C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dermal cortex is thicker than the atrial cortex and has a more elongate form of channel apertures in rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC52A3F9584C74F95D" box="[250,340,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2EFFAC529EF9044F69F83D" blockId="3.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">
|
||
The primary middle layer is constructed of longitudinal strands consisting of a series of hexactin centers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5736F9044D9AF8E5" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC52E7F9204DC2F8E5" box="[190,226,1766,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal stands are joined and supported by two
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2EFFAC5135F9204E87F8E5" box="[876,935,1766,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of connecting elements. One is irregularly appended hexactine dictyonalia, which are joined by ray tips fused to strands at any angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC56F5F8CC4826F8C1" box="[1196,1286,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC575FF8CC4830F8C1" box="[1286,1296,1802,1828]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Another is irregular-spaced transverse rays of the constituent dictyonalia of longitudinal stands, forming ladder-like connections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC5287F8944C15F889" box="[222,309,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2EFFAC536DF8944C63F889" box="[308,323,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="325">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Synapticula are absent. The longitudinal strands, 24.0–(41.5)–58.0 µm thick, are about 1.5 times thicker than the radial or transverse beams (
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC50DEF8B04FC0F875" box="[647,736,1910,1936]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Strands and beams are smooth. Beams in the dermal cortex, 20.0–(45.2)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2EFFAC5371F85C4CA7F851" box="[296,391,1946,1973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.67" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" unit="mm" value="66.7">66.7 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick, are mostly thicker than those in the atrial cortex and primary layer (
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC568AF85C480AF851" box="[1235,1322,1946,1972]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), but they are similar in average length (
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2EFFAC53BDF8784F1CF83D" box="[484,572,1982,2008]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="325" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE8DF7C0ED29FFAB52CEFAC14E72FAA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" startId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED29FFAB52CEFAC14E72FAA1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1287,1348]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED29FFAB52CEFAC14C34FAFA" bold="true" box="[151,276,1287,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED29FFAB5345FACE4CCDFAFA" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[284,493,1288,1312]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED29FFAB5345FACE4CCDFAFA" box="[284,493,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED29FFAB53ACFACE4F67FAC5" bold="true" box="[501,583,1288,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED29FFAB53ACFACE4F67FAC5" box="[501,583,1288,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, specimen of holotype. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED29FFAB5106FACE4E80FAFA" box="[863,928,1288,1311]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Dactylocalycidae" genus="Iphiteon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED29FFAB5106FACE4E80FAFA" box="[863,928,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED29FFAB529EFAB44C4FF981" blockId="4.[151,1437,1394,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">
|
||
There are rough and digitate spurs attached thoughout the skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB518FFAB4496CFA69" box="[982,1100,1394,1420]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4B,D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dermal and atrial spurs in the edges of the blade-like body are abundant, curving to project candelabra-like outwards on the surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB5736FA504D9DFA31" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB52E4FA7C4DE7FA31" box="[189,199,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,B
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB52BBFA7C4DD2FA31" box="[226,242,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,D
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB5356FA7C4C39FA31" box="[271,281,1466,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most of the spurs are conical with sharply or bluntly pointed ends. Besides, there is another form of spurs rarely in the dermal surface, which is cylindrical with swollen and rounded ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB5634FA1849E5FA1D" box="[1133,1221,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB569DFA1849F3FA1D" box="[1220,1235,1502,1528]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The atrial spurs, 96.0–(184.0)–312.0 µm long, are slightly longer and much denser than the dermal ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB56D9F9C449FAF9F9" box="[1152,1242,1538,1564]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED29FFAB56BFF9C4481DF9F9" box="[1254,1341,1538,1564]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Rough microhexactins are attached profusely thoughout the choanosomal skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB51A5F9E04978F9A5" box="[1020,1112,1574,1600]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sometimes microhexactins are fused tip-to-tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED29FFAB529EF9A84CA2F8D9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1394,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">
|
||
The ectosomal skeleton is composed of a lattice of loose pentactins and hexactins with the blunt sixth distal ray outwards, overlying all choanosomal framework surfaces and entrances to epirhyses but not most of the openings of aporhyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB536AF9704CAAF935" box="[307,394,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB53D3F9704CBAF935" box="[394,410,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-204@7.[161,1426,525,1845]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">4</figureCitation>
|
||
,D
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB53ECF9704CE2F935" box="[437,450,1718,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncinates are largely distributed horizontally on both surfaces and also project with the anterior end outwards. Sceptrules project vertically or obliquely on the surfaces with head outwards. Additionally, abundant sceptrules along with uncinates can be seen projecting vertically from the inwall of aporhyses with head outwards (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB5354F8E44C48F8D9" box="[269,360,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB5331F8E44C55F8D9" box="[360,373,1826,1852]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED29FFAA529EF8804847FF30" blockId="4.[151,1437,1394,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="327" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED29FFAB529EF8804C40F885" bold="true" box="[199,352,1862,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Megascleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres are dermal and atrial pentactins and hexactins, discoscopules, and uncinates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB570AF88048B6F884" box="[1363,1430,1862,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED29FFAB52CEF8AC4DCCF861" box="[151,236,1898,1924]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The dermalia and atrialia are classified into two categories, respectively. One is pentactins or subhexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED29FFAB52F9F8484C30F84C" box="[160,272,1934,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="326">Fig. 5A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
) referring to the triaxon spicules with a swelling (pentactine form) or a sixth distal ray very short, rounded-tipped and distinct from the other five rays rendering the spicule hexactine. The latter is named as subhexactin, as presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED29FFAB5309F8104F58F815" author="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M." box="[336,632,2006,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="326" pagination="1 - 176" refId="ref6801" refString="Reiswig, H. M. & Kelly, M. (2011) The marine fauna of New Zealand: Hexasterophoran Glass Sponges of New Zealand (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Hexasterophora): Orders Hexactinosida, Aulocalycoida and Lychniscosida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoirs, 124, 1 - 176." type="journal article" year="2011">Reiswig and Kelly (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, to distinguish from the another category of dermilia and atrilia which includes general hexactins with six rays in similar shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED28FFAA514DFF514EA6FF54" box="[788,902,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5C,D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Herein, the pentactine and subhexactine forms are placed into one category due to their similarities in shape and continuous change in length of the sixth ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED28FFAA529EFF194837FE48" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Dermal pentactins or subhexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED28FFAA503BFF194F9BFF1C" box="[610,699,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) often have a bullet-like or spherical swelling (pentactine form) but may extend up to
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED28FFAA53CDFEC44CD4FEF8" box="[404,500,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.36" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="53.6">53.6 µm</quantity>
|
||
long with clavate tip (subhexactine form); tangential rays are 87.0–(139.3)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED28FFAA5705FEC44D9DFEA4" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.635" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="263.5">263.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and have conically pointed or rarely rounded tips, sometimes slightly inflated near the pointed tips; the proximal ray is 142.0–(307.9)–430.0 µm in length with conically pointed tips and 1.3–(2.3)–3.6 times longer than the tangential ones; the distal ray is 4.2–(8.2)–11.0 µm in diameter, slightly thicker than the proximal and tangential ones. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins are entirely microspined and rougher in the distal part of rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE8DF7C0ED28FFAA52CEF9864C75F90D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" startId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" targetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED28FFAA52CEF9864C75F90D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1600,1768]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED28FFAA52CEF9864C33F9BD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1600,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED28FFAA5340F9864CC9F9BD" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[281,489,1600,1624]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED28FFAA5340F9864CC9F9BD" box="[281,489,1600,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED28FFAA53B6F9864F60F9BD" bold="true" box="[495,576,1600,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED28FFAA53B6F9864F60F9BD" box="[495,576,1600,1624]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED28FFAA529EF8D04F0CF7ED" blockId="5.[151,1437,1814,2057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">
|
||
Atrial pentactins or subhexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED28FFAA5018F8D04FB6F8D4" box="[577,662,1814,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="327">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) have a sixth distal ray which is a short cylindrical ray extending from
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED28FFAA52CEF8FC4C1AF8B0" box="[151,314,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.295" metricValueMax="3.92" metricValueMin="0.67" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="22.95" valueMax="39.2" valueMin="6.7">6.7 to 39.2 µm</quantity>
|
||
long with rounded tip (subhexactine form) or rarely only a spherical swelling (pentactine form); tangential rays are usually long and gently taper to sharply pointed tips, 148.6–(431.3)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED28FFAA561BF898498EF89C" box="[1090,1198,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.983" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="698.3">698.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length, sometimes having one tangential ray very short but the paired one long and obviously thickened with bluntly pointed tip; the proximal ray is relatively short, 14.4–(118.6)–200.0 µm in length, with tapering and sharply pointed tip; all rays are 3.0–(5.6)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED28FFAA536FF80C4CA5F800" box="[310,389,1994,2021]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="327" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The tangential and proximal rays are microspined but the distal ray and the axial cross are smooth or sparsely spined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA9529EFF5148B2FEF8" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Dermal hexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2BFFA953C4FF514CD4FF54" box="[413,500,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are usually sword-like with short distal ray and very long proximal ray similar to dermal pentactins/subhexactins, while some are irregular and have all the rays unequally long. The distal rays, 28.0– (114.4)–195.0 µm long, are conically pointed or sometimes slightly inflated near the pointed tips; tangential rays are 87.8–(133.8)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA95368FEC44CBCFEF8" box="[305,412,258,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.545" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="254.5">254.5 µm</quantity>
|
||
long; the proximal ray is 100.0–(317.4)–420.0 µm long; the ray width is 4.7–(6.9)–10.0 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA9529EFEE14FF2FE34" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Atrial hexactins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2BFFA953D2FEE14CC4FEA4" box="[395,484,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) have an obviously short distal ray 18.0–(64.0)–122.0 µm in length; tangential rays are 107.8–(356.4)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA95335FE8C4CF9FE80" box="[364,473,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.683" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="568.3">568.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
long with sharply pointed tips; the proximal ray is 211.1–(364.8)–501.0 µm in length, nearly equally long to tangential rays or more than 1.5 times longer than tangential ones rendering the hexactins sword-like; the proximal ray is 4.4–(10.4)–60.0 µm in width slightly thicker and rougher than the distal and tangential rays with sharply or rarely bluntly pointed tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA9529EFE1D4FB8FDD8" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Atrialia are generally larger and more irregular than dermalia with considerable variation occurring in the relative lengths of each ray, leading to a lot of broken-rayed triaxon spicules when observed. Additionally, no regular pentactins without any swelling are observed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA9529EFD814F16FD28" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Uncinates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2BFFA9531FFD814CB9FD84" box="[326,409,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
) are basically straight, 853.9–(1709.9)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA9510CFD804EFCFD84" box="[853,988,582,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58333" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="15833.3">15833.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and 5.0–(6.2)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA956E7FD80482DFD84" box="[1214,1293,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick, sometimes slightly curved, with barbs curving out from the spicule surface. One end is full of well-developed barbs which are oriented towards the other end. The barbs of the other end are undeveloped and similar to forward-curved spines. Both tips are sharply pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA9529EFD114FC3FC2C" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Sceptrules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2BFFA95313FD114CBCFD14" box="[330,412,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
) are discoscopules, 450.0–(632.3)–1192.0 µm long, usually have 4–7 thin, basically straight or slightly curved, and rough tines capped with small marginally toothed discs. The tapered shaft is rough and straight, occupying about 88% of the total length. The middle of the shaft is sparsely microspined, 4.8–(6.5)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA95735FCD84D9DFCB8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
thick, while its terminal part bears procurved spines and ends in a sharply pointed tip. Sceptrules vary in the form of the head with the head length 59.2–(76.0)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA9508BFCA04E1DFC64" box="[722,829,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.568" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="156.8">156.8 µm</quantity>
|
||
and neck width 6.7–(9.6)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2BFFA95633FCA149EAFC64" box="[1130,1226,871,898]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Overall, one form often has a neck tapering to the shaft with 4–6 nearly parallel straight tines; another form has a short neck consisting of four swellings with 4–7 relatively divergent tines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE8DF7C0ED2BFFA952CEF8EF4F8CF837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" startId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" targetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2BFFA952CEF8EF4F8CF837" blockId="6.[151,1437,1833,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2BFFA952CEF8EF4C34F8A4" bold="true" box="[151,276,1833,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED2BFFA95342F8EC4CCCF8A4" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,492,1834,1858]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2BFFA95342F8EC4CCCF8A4" box="[283,492,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2BFFA953ADF8EC4F65F8A7" bold="true" box="[500,581,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED2BFFA953ADF8EC4F65F8A7" box="[500,581,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="328" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2AFFA8529EFF5049A2FE10" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2AFFA8529EFF504C46FF55" bold="true" box="[199,358,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Microscleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Microscleres are only stellate discohexasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2AFFA85120FF514EF4FF54" box="[889,980,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="E77092F3ED2AFFA851B8FF514919FF54" box="[993,1081,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1016,1040]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule and framework dimensions of Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., holotype (in µm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" tableUuid="FE8DF7C0ED24FFA652CEFC3E498EFBF4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Their primary rays bear 4–11 secondary rays ending in small discs with 7–9 marginal spines. All rays are entirely ornamented with short recurved spines, but the spherical centrum remains smooth. Considerable variation occurs in the relative lengths of primary and secondary rays, the form of the terminal group, and the number of secondary rays. There are mainly two
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2AFFA85738FEC548BCFEF8" box="[1377,1436,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of stellate discohexasters.
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2AFFA853E6FEE14CD7FEA4" box="[447,503,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2AFFA85041FEE14F53FEA4" box="[536,627,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2AFFA8502AFEE04F5DFEA4" box="[627,637,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) has 6–11 relatively sigmoid secondary rays per primary ray, arranged with a central one in line with the primary rays and the others in a single whorl around it. The discohexasters of
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2AFFA85735FE8D48BCFE80" box="[1388,1436,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I are 26.5–(31.8)–
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED2AFFA85338FEA84CE0FE6C" box="[353,448,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="36.3">36.3 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, with their ratio of secondary to primary length being 1.2–(2.0)–2.8.
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2AFFA85712FEA948A3FE6C" box="[1355,1411,367,393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2AFFA852F9FE554DD8FE48" box="[160,248,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED2AFFA852A1FE544C26FE48" box="[248,262,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">2</figureCitation>
|
||
) has short primary rays bearing 4–6 relatively long, slightly curved, and tightly bunched terminal rays. The discohexasters of
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED2AFFA853CBFE714CE2FE34" box="[402,450,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II are 30.6–(40.8)–49.0 µm in diameter and their ratio of secondary to primary length is 1.7–(2.8)–4.0. Both are scattered in the whole specimen, but the former is more common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FE8DF7C0ED2AFFA852CEF88A4E92F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425040/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" startId="7.[151,250,1868,1892]" targetBox="[161,1426,525,1845]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED2AFFA852CEF88A4E92F811" blockId="7.[151,1437,1868,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2AFFA852CEF88A4C34F881" bold="true" box="[151,276,1868,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED2AFFA85342F88A4CCCF881" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[283,492,1868,1892]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2AFFA85342F88A4CCCF881" box="[283,492,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED2AFFA853ADF88B4F65F880" bold="true" box="[500,581,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED2AFFA853ADF88B4F65F880" box="[500,581,1869,1893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="329" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, SEM of horizontal wall sections. A. Dermal cortex with epirhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (A1), axially arched area (A3) and their transition area (A2). B. Four types of dermal spurs. C. Atrial cortex with aporhyses in surface view located in the marginal lamellar area (C1) and axially arched area (C2). D. Two types of atrial spurs. E. Framework of primary middle layer in dorsal view of dermal cortex, growth margin towards right. F. Two connecting elements of longitudinal strands. G. Attached microhexactins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FE8DF7C0ED25FFA752CEF8C54FF6F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" startId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" targetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED25FFA752CEF8C54FF6F811" blockId="8.[151,1437,1795,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED25FFA752CEF8C54C32F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1795,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED25FFA7534EF8C24CC6F8FE" authority="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang, 2020" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[279,486,1796,1820]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED25FFA7534EF8C24CC6F8FE" box="[279,486,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">Tretopleura weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED25FFA753B2F8C24F1AF8F9" bold="true" box="[491,570,1796,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83B5C621ED25FFA753B2F8C24F1AF8F9" box="[491,570,1796,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, spicules. A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED24FFA6529EFF514E6BFF30" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED24FFA6529EFF514E6BFF30" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6529EFF514C0CFF54" bold="true" box="[199,300,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, depth
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA65655FF504946FF54" box="[1036,1126,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="1995.0">1995 m</quantity>
|
||
. The flat bottom of the peduncle is attached to a hard substrate beneath a thin sediment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED24FFA6529EFF194958FF1C" box="[199,1144,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED24FFA6529EFF194958FF1C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,969]" box="[199,1144,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6529EFF194C6EFF1C" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA65073FF194FA6FF1D" authorityName="Shen & Zhang & Lu & Wang" authorityYear="2020" box="[554,646,223,248]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="weijicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA65073FF194FA6FF1D" box="[554,646,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">weijicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, refers to the location, the Weijia Seamount.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2E8F4C3ED24FFA6529EFEC54962FC2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED24FFA6529EFEC5494DFE48" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6529EFEC54C1BFEF8" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The new specimen described here is a sceptrule-bearing sponge, of which the primary choanosomal framework consists of multiaxial longitudinal strands joined and supported by irregularly-appended hexactine dictyonalia and irregularly-spaced transverse rays, without synapticula. Therefore it is attributed to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA65705FE8D4C21FE6C" authorityName="Reiswig" authorityYear="2002" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Uncinateridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA653D2FEA94F10FE6C" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[395,560,367,393]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Aulocalycidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Aulocalycidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Due to its blade-like and branching body form, the presence of epirhyses and aporhyses and the absence of diarhyses, the specimen belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA651BAFE554946FE48" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[995,1126,403,429]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA651BAFE554946FE48" box="[995,1126,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Tretopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED24FFA6529EFE714CA4FD60" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
The two currently valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA6500BFE714FF5FE34" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[594,725,439,465]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6500BFE714FF5FE34" box="[594,725,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Tretopleura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in the tropical western Pacific Ocean at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA65702FE704DD1FE10" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7899999999999998" metricValueMax="2.08" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="1790.0" valueMax="2080.0" valueMin="1500.0">1500- 2080 m</quantity>
|
||
. Also, the new specimen was collected from the Weijia Seamount in the northwestern Pacific Ocean at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA652A4FE384C76FDFC" box="[253,342,510,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="m" value="1995.0">1995 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA65338FE394F34FDFC" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[353,532,511,537]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA65338FE394C51FDFD" box="[353,369,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA653D9FE394F34FDFC" box="[384,532,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected as curved plate-form fragments, and loose spicules were unavailable. It is named after its candelabra-like atrial spurs, which also characterize the new specimen. The dermal spurs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA652ECFD814C46FD84" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[181,358,583,609]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="candelabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA652ECFD814DE5FD85" box="[181,197,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6528BFD814C46FD84" box="[210,358,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">candelabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are thickened and often fused as compound clubs while such swollen dermal spurs are not found in the new specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA4DA748ED24FFA6529EFD494962FC2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA6529EFD494C44FD4C" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[199,356,655,681]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="styloformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6529EFD494DF7FD4D" box="[199,215,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA652B1FD494C44FD4C" box="[232,356,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">styloformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected integrally as a blade-like body, of which the spiculation was described but the skeleton was not mentioned. Pentactins with a spherical swelling were observed in both specimens [shown as
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA65729FD754DFBFD14" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3.10B</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED24FFA65359FD114CF4FD14" author="Tabachnick, K. R." box="[256,468,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref6896" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Ed.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA65054FD114F5DFD14" box="[525,637,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Fig. 5A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
in this paper]. Besides, regular pentactins without a swollen distal ray [
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA652C7FD3D4C3AFCF0" box="[158,282,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Fig. 3.10A</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED24FFA65318FD3D4F38FCF0" author="Tabachnick, K. R." box="[321,536,762,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref6896" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Ed.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] were described in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA6517FFD3D4EE2FCF0" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[806,962,763,789]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="styloformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6517FFD3D4E16FCF1" box="[806,822,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6511FFD3D4EE2FCF0" box="[838,962,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">styloformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not in the new specimen. Moreover, there are two
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED24FFA65369FCD94C4BFCDC" box="[304,363,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of discohexasters in the new specimen, of which the
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED24FFA65199FCD94ED0FCDC" box="[960,1008,799,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">type</typeStatus>
|
||
II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA65640FCD84949FCDC" box="[1049,1129,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Fig.5G</figureCitation>
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA65631FCD849B4FCDC" box="[1128,1172,798,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="in" value="2.0">
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<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA65631FCD84956FCDC" box="[1128,1142,798,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1600,1624]" captionTargetBox="[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetId="figure-164@5.[141,1447,453,1577]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., surfaces of holotype. A. Dermal surface, consisting of middle axially area, marginal area and the transition area between them. B. Atrial surface, consisting of middle axially area and marginal areas. C. Dermal surfaces located in the marginal area (C1), axial area (C3), the transition area between marginal and axial areas (C2), and the close-up image of epirhyses (C4). D. Atrial surfaces located in the marginal area (D1), axial area (D2), and the close-up image of aporhyses (D3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425036" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425036/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">2</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
this paper) is similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA652A0FC854CB1FCB8" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[249,401,835,861]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="styloformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA652A0FC854CB1FCB8" box="[249,401,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T. styloformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA653F9FC854F26FCB8" box="[416,518,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-378@6.[151,1436,993,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., vertical-longitudinal wall section. A. Vertical-longitudinal section, dermal side up, consisting of an unchannelized primary middle layer (p. m. l.), channelized dermal peripheral layer (d. p. l.), and atrial peripheral layer (a. p. l.) as indicated at right. B. SEM of dictyonal framework in the d. p. l. consisting of irregularly connected hexactins. C. SEM of dictyonal framework in the p. m. l. delimited by longitudinal stands composed of serially attached and aligned hexactins. D. SEM of dictyonal framework in the a. p. l." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425038" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425038/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA6538FFC854F26FCB8" box="[470,518,835,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8994" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="in" value="3.11">3.11</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED24FFA65072FC854E23FCB8" author="Tabachnick, K. R." box="[555,771,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref6896" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Ed.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="754919EAED24FFA65111FC854E58FCB8" box="[840,888,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">type</typeStatus>
|
||
I (
|
||
<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA651C0FC844ECDFCB8" box="[921,1005,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1795,1819]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[234,1354,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., spicules.A. Dermal pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential ray, proximal ray and distal rays with a clavate tip, a spherical or bullet-like swelling. B. Atrial pentactins or subhexactins, whole and enlargements of two tangential rays, proximal ray and cylindrical distal rays with two sizes in length. C. Dermal hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. D. Atrial hexactins, whole and enlargements of tangential, proximal and distal rays. E. Uncinate, whole and enlargements of middle segment and two ends. F. Sceptrules, as discoscopules, whole and enlargements of two types of upper ends, tine tip, middle segment and lower end. G. Discohexasters of type I (G1) and type II (G2), whole and enlargement of terminal ray." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425042/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">Fig.5G</figureCitation>
|
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<quantity id="6D0A0AADED24FFA651B4FC844934FCB8" box="[1005,1044,834,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" unit="in" value="1.0">
|
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<figureCitation id="32C9BBCDED24FFA651B4FC844ED7FCB8" box="[1005,1015,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1287,1311]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[151,1436,179,1262]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tretopleura weijicus sp. nov., specimen of holotype. A. In situ images. B. Whole collected specimen (atrial surface). C. Transverse view of the peduncle. D. Basal part of peduncle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4425034/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">1</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
this paper) in the new specimen is smaller and more common with relatively sigmoid secondary rays, but not shown in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DF2DCCBED24FFA6562AFCA1482DFC64" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" box="[1139,1293,871,897]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Uncinateridae" genus="Tretopleura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aulocalycoida" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="styloformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA6562AFCA149A3FC65" box="[1139,1155,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="98867B5AED24FFA656C8FCA1482DFC64" box="[1169,1293,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="331">styloformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, although uncinates which are abundant on both surfaces of the new specimen were not shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED24FFA6569DFC4D48B7FC40" author="Tabachnick, K. R." box="[1220,1431,907,933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" pagination="49 - 64" refId="ref6896" refString="Tabachnick, K. R. (1988) Hexactinellid sponges from the mountains of the West Pacific. In: Shirshov, P. P. (Ed.), Structural and Functional Researches of the Marine Benthos. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 49 - 64." type="book chapter" year="1988">Tabachnick (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, their presence was included in the diagnosis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE63DAB9ED24FFA650F7FC694E7CFC2C" author="Reiswig, H. M." box="[686,860,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="331" pagination="1372 - 1376" refId="ref6715" refString="Reiswig, H. M. (2002) Family Uncinateridae fam. nov. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1372 - 1376. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 141" type="book chapter" year="2002">Reiswig (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
after further review.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |