461 lines
38 KiB
XML
461 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b15909-ea61-40d7-ba04-325b8af91669" ID-PMC="PMC5674090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-701-1" ID-PubMed="29118596" ID-ZBK="23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-701-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 701" ModsDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" checkinTime="1506095869158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2017" docId="1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 701: 1-496" docOrigin="ZooKeys 701" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" docTitle="Torrenticola trimaculata Fisher 2015" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3D440132FFABFFFC1505FFA0FFDDEA09" masterDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164828938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>701</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>496</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-701-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839661" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E6A2697BD3ACBE651EDE5DCD05E03AF" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fisher, 2015" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="2015" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata Fisher, 2015</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, JR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20152155" year="2015">Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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: 71, 89.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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HOLOTYPE (♀): USA, Arkansas, Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.149807">36°8'59.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.740814">93°44'26.94"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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PARATYPES (49 ♀; 37 ♂): Arkansas, USA: 1 ♂ (ALLOTYPE) from Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.149807">36°8'59.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.740814">93°44'26.94"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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2 ♀ and 3 ♂ from Madison County, Withrow Springs State Park, War Eagle Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.149807">36°8'59.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.740814">93°44'26.94"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 27 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110034
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ from Marion County, Crooked Creek ex. Northern hogsucker (
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<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Catostomidae" genus="Hypentelium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hypentelium nigricans" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">Hypentelium nigricans</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.25275">36°15'9.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-94.4405">94°26'25.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 22 Jul 2014, by CT McAllister
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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3 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="34.581444">34°34'53.20"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.88338">93°53'0.16"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 5 Oct 2007, by AJ Radwell, & HW Robison, AJR070300A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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8 ♀ and 5 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork of Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by AJ Radwell, & B Crump, AJR110302
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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2♀ and 1 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, Ouachita River, 27 Aug 2011, by AJ Radwell, AJR110307
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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4 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Montgomery County, Ouachita National Forest, South Fork of Ouachita River, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110040
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ from Montgomery County, Caddo River, 29 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110037
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark National Forest, Mill Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.0617">36°3'42.12"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.135445">93°8'7.62"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 20 Jun 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0620-010
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Newton County, Ozark National Forest, Little Buffalo River, 2 Sep 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0902-003
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♂ from Newton County, Buffalo National River, Whiteley Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.99115">35°59'28.14"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.39923">93°23'57.24"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 23 May 2012, by TD Edwards, TDE 12-0523-002
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Illinois, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Union County, Clear Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="37.55">37°33'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-89.38333">89°23'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 13 Sep 1991, by IM Smith, IMS910036A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Indiana, USA: 1 ♀ from Wayne County (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="39.85361">39°51'13"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-85.134445">85°8'4"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 24 Jul 2014, by MJ Skvarla, MS 14-0731-001
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Georgia, USA: 1 ♀ from Chattooga County, Johns Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="34.566666">34°34'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.083336">80°5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900076
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Kentucky, USA: 1 ♀ and 2 ♂ from McCreary County, Rock Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="36.7">36°42'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-84.6">84°36'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 8 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900082B
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Michigan, USA: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Barry County, Thornapple River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="42.65">42°39'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-85.28333">85°17'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 29 Jul 1959, by DR Cook, DRC590034
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Missouri, USA: 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Crawford County, Huzzah Creek, 23 Jul 2011, by IM Smith, IMS110029
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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New York, USA: 3 ♀ and 1 ♂ from St. Lawrence County, Canton (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.583332">44°35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.166664">75°10'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 15 May 1986, by BP Smith, BPS860508
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ from USA, New York, Delaware Co., Roscoe (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="41.916668">41°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.9">74°54'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 11 June 1988, by PW Schefter and R MacCulloch, IMS880110
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Nova Scotia, Canada: 1 ♀ from Victoria County, Baddeck River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.866665">44°52'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-61.083332">61°5'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 18 Jul 1981, by IM Smith, IMS810082
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Ontario, Canada: 4 ♀ and 2 ♂ from Grey County, Saugeen River (44°10'N, 80°49'W), 9 Jun 1989, by IM Smith, IMS890028A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ from Madoc (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="44.5">44°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.46667">77°28'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 May 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800003A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♂ from Renfrew County, Madawaska River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.35">45°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.666664">76°40'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 25 May 1980, by IM Smith, IMS800012
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Lanark County, Mississippi River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="45.05">45°3'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.38333">76°23'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 6 Oct 1983, by IM Smith and CJ Hill, IMS830093A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Texas, USA: 1 ♀ from Gillespie County, Fredericksburg, Pedernales River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="30.245">30°14'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-98.91389">98°54'50"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 30 May 1998, by IM Smith, IMS980029
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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Virginia, USA: 1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Scott County, North Fork of Holston River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="36.65">36°39'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-82.46667">82°28'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 7 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS0900080
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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2 ♀ and 4 ♂ from Alleghany County, Potts Creek (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="37.733334">37°44'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-80.03333">80°2'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 13 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900091B
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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1 ♀ and 1 ♂ from Bath County, Jackson River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="38.133335">38°8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.76667">79°46'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 16 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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West Virginia, USA: 2 ♀ from Pendleton County, North Fork of South Branch of Potomac River (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="39.0">39°0'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.36667">79°22'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 17 Jul 1990, by IM Smith, IMS900104.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and other paratypes (44 ♀; 32 ♂) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (4 ♀; 4 ♂) deposited in ACUA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
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are similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. bittikoferae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bittikoferae">T. bittikoferae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. hoosieri" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hoosieri">T. hoosieri</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pearsoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pearsoni">T. pearsoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. olliei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="olliei">T. olliei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sierrensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sierrensis">T. sierrensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kringi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kringi">T. kringi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. dimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dimorpha">T. dimorpha</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
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) in having a short, conical rostrum.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from all
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
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, including other members of the Tricolor Complex, by having a distinct dorsal pattern. Individuals are reported in two distinct morphs primarily based upon ventral coloration.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
are most similar to other members of the Tricolor Complex that have bold patterning (
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kringi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kringi">T. kringi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
by being rounder (dorsum length/width = 1.2-1.37 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1.41-1.57 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
); Dgl-4 closer to the muscle scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.49-1.69 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1.18-1.35 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
); and a stockier rostrum (length/width = 1.91-2.22 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.32-2.53 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. larvata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="larvata">T. larvata</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further differentiated from T
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea tricolor" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having shorter genital field (♀ = 157.5-185 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 187.5-210 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
; ♂ = 120-140 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 145-170 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.91-2.1 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.14-2.39 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
; ♂ = 2.05-2.22 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.37-2.5 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Dgl-4 closer to the muscles scars (dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.49-1.69 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1.23-1.41 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and females with shorter medial suture (♀ = 17.5-27.5 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 40-47.5 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be further differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having Dgl-4 further from the edge of the dorsum (dorsum width/distance between Dgl-4 = 1.5-1.7 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1.15-1.4 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and having a stockier rostrum (length/width ♀ = 1.191-2.10 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.24-2.50 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
|
|
; ♂ = 2.05-2.22 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.27-2.47 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. cardia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardia">T. cardia</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kringi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kringi">T. kringi</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a stockier rostrum (length/width = 1.9-2.3 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 2.6-3.2 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. kringi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kringi">T. kringi</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having a shorter anterior venter (♀ = 157-180 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 187-200 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
, ♂ = 230-260 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 290-308 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Additionally, female
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated from female
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having longer pedipalpal tibiae (♀ = 90-97 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 77-88 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. mohawk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mohawk">T. mohawk</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Re-description</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(amended from
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, JR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20152155" year="2015">Fisher et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Female (Figure 256) (n = 6) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (570-725 (725) long; 455-550 (550) wide) circular to ellipsoid with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in three distinct spots, one anteriorly and two posteriorly, and orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (125-145 (145) long; 60-72.5 (67.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (162.5-180 (180) long; 80-85 (82.5) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 295-335 (325)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.20-1.32 (1.32); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.49-1.69 1.69); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.93-2.19 (2.15); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.00-2.19 (2.18); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.23-1.30 (1.24).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (250-280 (280) long (ventral); 202-252 (210) long (dorsal); 115-135 (130) tall) colorless or with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Rostrum (97.5-110 (107.5) long; 47.5-55 (52.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (261-326 (270) long) with curved fangs (48-62 (55) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.04-2.17 (2.15); rostrum length/width 1.91-2.10 (2.05). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (37.5-42.5 (42.5) long); femur (97.5-107.5 (103.75) long); genu (65-77.5 (70) long); tibia (90-96.25 (92.5) long; 27.5-30 (27.5) wide); tarsus (22.5-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.39-1.50 (1.48); tibia/femur 0.88-0.92 (0.89); tibia length/width 3.17-3.36 (3.36).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (615-840 (840) long; 533-700 (700) wide) colorless or with variable amount of bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (130-145 (130) long; 80-90 (80) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (17.5-27.5 (20) long). Genital plates (157.5-185 (180) long; 152.5-185 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (258-306.75 (260) long (total); 109-154 (145) long (medial)); Cx-3 (328-390 (390) wide); anterior venter (157.5-180 (180) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.49-1.75 (1.63); anterior venter/genital field length 0.90-1.03 (1.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.00-1.14 (1.14); anterior venter/medial suture 6.09-9.29 (9.00).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 257) (n = 5) (allotypic measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (530-595 (595) long; 390-440 (435) wide) circular to ellipsoid with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration in three distinct spots, one anteriorly and two posteriorly, and orange medially. Anterio-medial platelets (107.5-130 (120) long; 55-67.5 (62.5) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (70-87.5 (75) long; 70-87.5 (75) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 approaching midway between muscle scars and the dorsum edge (distance between Dgl-4 250-285 (270)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.30-1.37 (1.37); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.51-1.61 (1.61); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.92-2.00 (1.92); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 1.91-2.23 (2.23); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.29-1.46 (1.40).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (207.5-242.5 (230) long (ventral); 175-215 (194.75) long (dorsal); 92.5-112.5 (102.5) tall) colorless or with bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Rostrum (87.5-100 (93.75) long; 40-47.5 (42.5) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (232-286 (251) long) with curved fangs (40-53 (49) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.16-2.43 (2.24); rostrum length/width 2.05-2.22 (2.21). Pedipalps with tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (32.5-40 (32.5) long); femur (85-95 (93.75) long); genu (60-70 (65) long); tibia (75-82.5 (75) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-25 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.34-1.44 (1.44); tibia/femur 0.80-0.88 (0.80); tibia length/width 2.73-3.00 (2.73).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (588-719 (715) long; 431-571 (568) wide) colorless or with variable amount of bluish-purple to navy blue coloration. Gnathosomal bay (82.5-112.5 (102.5) long; 62.5-77.5 (77.5) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (87.5-105 (105) long). Genital plates (120-140 (127.5) long; 92.5-105 (95) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (216-297 (261) long (total); 130-168 (152) long (medial)); Cx-3 (287-372 (349) wide); anterior venter (230-260 (255) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.32-1.55 (1.32); anterior venter/genital field length 1.79-2.04 (2.00); anterior venter length/genital field width 92.5-105 (95); anterior venter/medial suture 2.43-2.63 (2.43).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, JR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20152155" year="2015">Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
named the specific epithet (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in reference to the dorsal coloration of three dark spots (tres, L. three; macula, L. spot).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eastern North America (Figure 255).</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Figure 255.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
distribution.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Figure 256.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Figure 257.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
male: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola trimaculata" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trimaculata">Torrenticola trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
group with other members of the Tricolor Complex with high support in all analyses. All specimens of this species are less than 2% different in COI sequence from each other and are greater than 7% from sister species. In all analyses,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. trimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="trimaculata">T. trimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
groups with two other species which also have dorsal spots:
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. unimaculata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unimaculata">T. unimaculata</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This clade represents some of the most distinctive of all
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species hypothesis is supported by low COI divergence within the species (0-2%), high divergence between species (3-15%), and the morphological characters outlined in the diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Fisher, JR" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" url="https://doi.org/10.1051/acarologia/20152155" year="2015">Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
reported two color morphs based primarily upon presence of ventral coloration. Morph I, with a dark venter, was only known from the Interior Highlands and all eastern specimens were reported as Morph II, with a colorless venter. However, we examined additional specimens from across eastern North America and found colored individuals mixed within samples of uncolored individuals. We remain unsure what controls color in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but with several other species exhibiting great color variation (e.g.,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tricolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tricolor">T. tricolor</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. gorti" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="gorti">T. gorti</taxonomicName>
|
|
), we do not consider it useful to continue with the
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“morph”">"morph"</normalizedToken>
|
|
concept in this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |