723 lines
81 KiB
XML
723 lines
81 KiB
XML
<document id="551202EFD68CB05ED8DF9FE9BC8CD55D" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef8d5717-31b6-4e69-a0ec-6e313588ecda" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="255301" ID-ZooBank="7A957617-C37C-41C8-9A8C-D7BB9178638C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1477381219441" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vicente, Jan, Zea, Sven & Hill, Russell T." docDate="2016" docId="E622879FFFD1CC4D15D9FE51FF450932" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4178.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4178 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haliclona (Halichoclona) plakophila Vicente, Zea & Hill, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="220" masterDocId="1A1BFFE7FFDBCC46154EFFAFFFA90E42" masterDocTitle="Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera)" masterLastPageNumber="233" masterPageNumber="209" pageNumber="219" updateTime="1698390552369" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1AF544504585C2E16E685C0259206C6A">
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<mods:title id="1C64595CC079DFC4102769CEB530AAB9">Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C9A979DA478650B0AD4C58F5F0A60BD3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A48DA86F42E62A8FD31A5F28FACCA9CC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C6D76E715BE883CDA8C3112E96FD63AC">Vicente, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4182E2B35C819189DDC7FD01475ADCA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="669B3FC46F0F7563AB9362EF2DC338E2">Zea, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="03A97F37AEA0E85B6307D6F75A9E8C54">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E84540F347E817DAF395298EF9499EC2">Hill, Russell T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D19EBC003D9C425612CF539372D3946B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="158A47C58FEB42EB8C6972A474A92324">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B6A3E11B10B48C3DB444D42BE7E78D55">
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<mods:date id="D762BB569663FD1B28B7964F87E03A81">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BCB6F71F412293F8977576F411F450B5">4178</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FCF343A028F61000F9610DA913E9CC20">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="56222988A3D88177D879659A4D6C06E7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="907AE6FCED949C8DC1949A9BE232A312" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4178.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E622879FFFD1CC4D15D9FE51FF450932" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617752" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124558001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617752" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E622879FFFD1CC4D15D9FE51FF450932" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E622879FFFD1CC4D15D9FE51FF450932" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C15D9FE51FEE50C7B" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D9FE51FD120C5A" blockId="10.[151,699,510,570]" box="[151,699,510,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<heading id="357C81E5FFD1CC4C15D9FE51FD120C5A" bold="true" box="[151,699,510,536]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FE51FD120C5A" bold="true" box="[151,699,510,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D9FE51FDFE0C5A" ID-CoL="3JCBB" box="[151,599,510,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FE51FDFE0C5A" bold="true" box="[151,599,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona (Halichoclona) plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C1710FE51FD120C5A" box="[606,699,510,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D9FD8EFEE50C7B" blockId="10.[151,699,510,570]" box="[151,332,545,570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C15D1FD8EFF4C0C7B" box="[159,229,545,570]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="23090332FFD1CC4C15BEFD8EFEEA0C7B" box="[240,323,545,570]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,548,571]" captionTargetBox="[159,1359,630,944]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule measurements of strongyles (length and width) of Xestospongia deweerdtae associated and free living. Measurements are expressed as minimum – mean (± 1 standard deviation) – maximum. N = 30." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3AF46601FFD5CC4815D9FD8BFB180C19" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="3AF46601FFD5CC4815D9FD8BFB180C19">Table 3</tableCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C15D9FDC5FCBD0C3D" box="[151,788,617,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D9FDC5FCBD0C3D" blockId="10.[151,788,617,639]" box="[151,788,617,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D9FDC5FEB60C3D" box="[151,287,618,639]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FDC5FEB60C3D" box="[151,287,618,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD1CC4C141EFDC6FDA60C3D" author="Vicente" box="[336,527,617,639]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C14EDFDC5FE7E0C3D" box="[419,471,617,639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(ecology and symbiosis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C15D9FD03FCA30D4E" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D9FD03FCA30D4E" blockId="10.[151,1437,684,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FD03FEB80C87" bold="true" box="[151,273,684,709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C1451FD03FDE00C86" authority="(Halichoclona)" baseAuthorityName="Halichoclona" box="[287,585,684,709]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1451FD03FE260C87" box="[287,399,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C14E9FD03FD960C87" box="[423,575,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bluish-white to translucent in color, thinly encrusting with occasional papillate morphology, so far exclusively found in epibiotic association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C16BAFD7EFB220CAA" box="[1012,1163,719,744]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C16BAFD7EFB220CAA" box="[1012,1163,719,744]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C11DCFD60FB440CAA" bold="true" box="[1170,1261,719,744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C11DCFD60FB440CAA" box="[1170,1261,719,744]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosome and choanosome consist of a subisotropic skeleton of oxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C1589FCB8FAC50D3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589FCB8FAC50D3A" blockId="10.[151,1437,684,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFD1CC4C1589FCB8FCCB0D17" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019925" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="La Parguera & Jaaziel Garcia Hernandez & October" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="32" latitude="17.9552" location="Puerto Rico" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-67.0532" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" specimenCode="USNM1254650" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589FCB8FE570D72" bold="true" box="[199,510,791,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<typeStatus id="B130882BFFD1CC4C1589FCB8FE9D0D72" box="[199,308,791,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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and
|
||
<typeStatus id="B130882BFFD1CC4C1423FCB8FE090D72" box="[365,416,791,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCode id="3E2D9EF2FFD1CC4C1742FCB8FD6B0D72" box="[524,706,791,816]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFD1CC4C1742FCB8FDF60D72" box="[524,607,791,816]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">USNM</collectionCode>
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1254650
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</specimenCode>
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, Old Buoy,
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<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C160BFCB7FC660D72" box="[837,975,792,816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">La Parguera</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD1CC4C1697FCB7FBF70D72" box="[985,1118,791,816]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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(
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, -
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<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFD1CC4C104DFCB8FA260D72" box="[1283,1423,791,816]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="-67.0532">67.0532° W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD1CC4C15D9FC93FF7B0D16" box="[151,210,828,852]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="32.0">
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<elevation id="E5A6D1BAFFD1CC4C15D9FC93FF7B0D16" box="[151,210,828,852]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C142AFC93FD200D17" box="[356,649,828,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Jaaziel García Hernandez</collectorName>
|
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,
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<date id="1A351049FFD1CC4C17D8FC93FCCB0D17" box="[662,866,828,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" value="2015-10-15">
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<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C17D8FC93FD590D17" box="[662,752,828,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">October</collectorName>
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15, 2015
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DEE33CD4FFD1CC4C1620FC92FB470D3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324019919" collectionCode="PRAS" collectorName="La Parguera & Jan Vicente & August" country="Puerto Rico" elevation="32" latitude="17.9552" location="Puerto Rico" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-67.0532" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" specimenCode="PRAS12, PRAS22" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="B130882BFFD1CC4C1620FC92FC7D0D17" box="[878,980,829,853]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="3E2D9EF2FFD1CC4C16A4FC93FBF90D16" box="[1002,1104,828,852]" collectionCode="PRAS" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFD1CC4C16A4FC93FB9D0D16" box="[1002,1076,828,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">PRAS</collectionCode>
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||
12
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
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, and
|
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<specimenCode id="3E2D9EF2FFD1CC4C11C0FC93FB5A0D16" box="[1166,1267,828,852]" collectionCode="PRAS" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
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<collectionCode id="089AAE4CFFD1CC4C11C0FC93FB7E0D16" box="[1166,1239,828,852]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">PRAS</collectionCode>
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22
|
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</specimenCode>
|
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, Old Buoy,
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C1031FC92FF540D3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">La Parguera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
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<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD1CC4C1446FCCFFE390D3A" box="[264,400,863,888]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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, (
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<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFD1CC4C14EDFCF0FD810D35" box="[419,552,863,888]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="17.9552">17.9552° N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate id="0BBF504EFFD1CC4C1775FCF0FD610D3A" box="[571,712,863,888]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" precision="5" value="-67.0532">67.0532° W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD1CC4C1792FCCFFCBC0D35" box="[732,789,864,888]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="32.0">
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<elevation id="E5A6D1BAFFD1CC4C1792FCCFFCBC0D35" box="[732,789,864,888]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="32.0">32 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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depth, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C16EEFCCFFB8D0D3A" box="[928,1060,863,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Jan Vicente</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="1A351049FFD1CC4C117EFCCFFB470D3A" box="[1072,1262,864,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" value="2012-08-13">
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<collectorName id="C37E535FFFD1CC4C117EFCCFFB280D3A" box="[1072,1153,864,888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">August</collectorName>
|
||
13, 2012
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. Paratypes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C1589FC2BFAEF0927" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589FC2BFC8B0A12" blockId="10.[151,1437,684,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589FC2BFEF80DDF" bold="true" box="[199,337,900,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Shape small, thinly (
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD1CC4C1700FC2BFD040DDE" box="[590,685,900,924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick) encrusting veneer of tissue growing in separate patches on the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C1409FC06FE4A0D82" box="[327,483,935,960]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1409FC06FE4A0D82" box="[327,483,935,960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C14A1FC08FDE70D82" bold="true" box="[495,590,935,960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C14A1FC08FDE70D82" box="[495,590,935,960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C172DFC08FD050D82" box="[611,684,935,960]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Some individuals developed papillated projections from the encrusting body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C1414FC63FE360DA6" box="[346,415,972,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Irregular patches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C17E4FC62FCED0DA7" box="[682,836,972,997]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C17E4FC62FCED0DA7" box="[682,836,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1602FC63FC0F0DA7" bold="true" box="[844,934,972,997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C1602FC63FC0F0DA7" box="[844,934,972,997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occasionally form channels that burrow into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D9FC5EFE860A4A" box="[151,303,1007,1032]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FC5EFE860A4A" box="[151,303,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consistency compressible, slightly brittle, delicate, fragile and inelastic. Individuals are bluishwhite
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15AEFBBAFE990A6E" box="[224,304,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, becoming white or translucent after fixation. Ectosome and choanosome are of the same color. Surface is smooth and very thin. Oscules were not visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589FBF3FE2D0B6A" blockId="10.[151,1437,684,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589FBF3FE9C0A37" bold="true" box="[199,309,1116,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Ectosomal skeleton with an isotropic, paucispicular, tangential reticulation of oxeas, where 7–10 spicules meet at the nodes, forming 200 µm meshes. Subectosomal lacunae are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C119DFBD0FAB70ADA" box="[1235,1310,1151,1176]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). The choanosomal skeleton is formed by a slightly disorganized isotropic reticulation of unispicular oxeas, where 7 spicules meet at each node, forming 100–200 µm meshes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C1614FB68FC0A0AA2" box="[858,931,1223,1248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E). The amount of spongin is very low throughout the ectosomal skeleton but more abundant in the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C16A8FB43FB820B46" box="[998,1067,1260,1285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E). Spicules are not bound by spongin at the nodes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589FA9BFCF80B32" blockId="10.[151,1437,684,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589FA9BFE990B0F" bold="true" box="[199,304,1332,1357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
Oxeas, smooth, slightly curved at the center, fusiform, with hastate ends: 199–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1184FA9BFAA00B0E" box="[1226,1289,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">229.5</emphasis>
|
||
(±11.5)–277 µm long by 3.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1401FAF7FEDB0B32" box="[335,370,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">5.9</emphasis>
|
||
(±1.1)–8.7 µm in width (
|
||
<tableCitation id="23090332FFD1CC4C17C3FAF8FD4D0B32" box="[653,740,1367,1392]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,239,1433,1456]" captionTargetBox="[159,1330,1516,1662]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule measurements of oxeas (length and width) of Haliclona plakophila holotype (h) and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum – mean (± 1 standard deviation) – maximum. N = 50." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" tableUuid="3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6B02A0CFFD1CC4C17BEFAF8FC9B0B32" box="[752,818,1367,1392]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1279,1301]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1248]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,591,1257]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4 Maximum likelihood topology generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b oxidase (cob) (A) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox 1) (B) of the Homoscleromorpha of this study and from sequences downloaded from GenBank. Topology for both trees is rooted on the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelloti, 1864) EU 23748.1 (Class Demospongiae, Order Axinellida). Bootstrap values less than 50 % were omitted from the trees. Coding following the species names refers to the museum catalogue number or collection location (PA-Panama, PR- Puerto Rico, BH-Bahamas) followed by lifestyle (AS-associated, FL-free-living). Species highlighted in bold represented sequences provided by this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/255305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" ID-Table-UUID="3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3AF46601FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" targetBox="[159,1330,1516,1662]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D9FA36FBCC0B92" blockId="10.[151,1436,1432,1488]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9FA36FEA20BF2" bold="true" box="[151,267,1433,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of oxeas (length and width) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C1611FA37FBED0BF2" box="[863,1092,1432,1456]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1611FA37FBED0BF2" box="[863,1092,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (h) and paratypes (p). Measurements are expressed as minimum–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C172CFA16FD350B92" box="[610,668,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">mean</emphasis>
|
||
(±1 standard deviation)–maximum. N=50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C15D1FA43FA9B083C" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<table id="1C8BC429FFD133B915D1FA43FA9B083C" box="[159,1330,1516,1662]" gridcols="3" gridrows="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<tr id="D0BB34CBFFD133B915D1FA43FA9B0840" box="[159,1330,1516,1538]" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B915D1FA43FDEB0840" box="[159,578,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B9178BFA43FC1A0840" box="[709,947,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Length (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B91138FA43FA9B0840" box="[1142,1330,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Width (µm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D0BB34CBFFD133B915D1F9BAFA9B0869" box="[159,1330,1557,1579]" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B915D1F9BAFDEB0869" box="[159,578,1557,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D1F9BAFEDE0869" box="[159,375,1557,1579]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D1F9BAFEDE0869" box="[159,375,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
USNM1254650 (h)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B9178BF9BAFC1A0869" box="[709,947,1557,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
199–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C17B9F9BAFC990869" box="[759,816,1557,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">229.4</emphasis>
|
||
(±11.6)–256
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B91138F9BAFA9B0869" box="[1142,1330,1557,1579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
3.6–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C11ECF9B9FB6B0869" box="[1186,1218,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">5.5</emphasis>
|
||
(±1.1)–8.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D0BB34CBFFD133B915D1F991FA9B0816" box="[159,1330,1598,1620]" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B915D1F991FDEB0816" box="[159,578,1598,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D1F991FEDE0816" box="[159,375,1598,1620]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D1F991FEDE0816" box="[159,375,1598,1620]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
PRAS12 (p)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B9178BF991FC1A0816" box="[709,947,1598,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
207–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C17B9F991FC990816" box="[759,816,1598,1620]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">230.0</emphasis>
|
||
(±10.1)–256
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B91138F991FA9B0816" box="[1142,1330,1598,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
3.5–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C11ECF991FB6B0816" box="[1186,1218,1598,1620]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">6.4</emphasis>
|
||
(±1.1)–8.7
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D0BB34CBFFD133B915D1F9C7FA9B083C" box="[159,1330,1640,1662]" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<th id="936A5DB7FFD133B915D1F9C7FDEB083C" box="[159,578,1640,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C15D1F9C7FEDE083C" box="[159,375,1640,1662]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D1F9C7FEDE083C" box="[159,375,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Haliclona plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
PRAS22 (p)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B9178BF9C7FC1A083C" box="[709,947,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
207–
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C17B9F9C7FC99083C" box="[759,816,1640,1662]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">229.2</emphasis>
|
||
(±12.9)–277
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="936A5DB7FFD133B91138F9C7FA9B083C" box="[1142,1330,1640,1662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">3.6–6.4 (±1.0)–7.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589F913FAEF0927" blockId="10.[151,1436,1724,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589F913FE120897" bold="true" box="[199,443,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
More than a dozen individuals were found always associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C11E9F912FA950897" box="[1191,1340,1724,1749]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C11E9F912FA950897" box="[1191,1340,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C100DF913FA350897" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C100DF913FA350897" box="[1347,1436,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Free-living individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C148CF94EFDF708BA" box="[450,606,1759,1784]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C148CF94EFDF708BA" box="[450,606,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1728F970FD6B08BA" bold="true" box="[614,706,1759,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C1728F970FD6B08BA" box="[614,706,1759,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
have not been found after extensive surveys throughout cryptic habitats of the Caribbean (see survey data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD1CC4C17D4F8ABFCD4095E" author="Vicente" box="[666,893,1796,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C17B6F8AAFC83095F" box="[760,810,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Sponge pairs are found below
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD1CC4C11A0F8ABFA81095E" box="[1262,1320,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
in cryptic habitats growing on vertical walls, on the roof of overhangs and on the bottom of reef cave habitats. We are investigating multiple factors to determine why these sponges are always found associated with each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4C1589F8C0FBC209EF" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589F8C0FBC209EF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1724,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589F8C0FEC909CA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1903,1928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only observed at Old buoy, La Parguera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD1CC4C167DF8DFFC1309CA" box="[819,954,1903,1928]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Possibly occur in other locations below
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD1CC4C10CEF8DFFF0409EE" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
along the southern continental shelf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD1CC4C1727F83AFD4709EF" box="[617,750,1940,1965]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
that offer similar cryptic habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="26916502FFD1CC4D1589F817FF450932" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="220" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD1CC4C1589F817FD6A09B7" blockId="10.[151,1436,1724,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1589F817FEEF0993" bold="true" box="[199,326,1976,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C149EF817FDE10993" box="[464,584,1976,2001]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C149EF817FDE10993" box="[464,584,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
describes the associated lifestyle with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD1CC4C1146F817FB580993" box="[1032,1265,1976,2001]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C1146F817FB580993" box="[1032,1265,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">Plakortis symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C11B4F817FAFF0993" bold="true" box="[1274,1366,1976,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD1CC4C11B4F817FAFF0993" box="[1274,1366,1976,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="219" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, from
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD1CC4C15D9F873FF7809B7" box="[151,209,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="219">phila</emphasis>
|
||
meaning “living or growing by preference”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD0CC4D1589FF38FC1D0C7E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1589FF38FE6E0EF2" bold="true" box="[199,455,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Because of its relatively large oxea spicules (most above 200 µm), and like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D15D9FF12FE1E0E97" box="[151,439,188,213]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15D9FF12FE1E0E97" box="[151,439,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Xestospongia deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being epibiotic on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D17D5FF13FCAB0E97" box="[667,770,188,213]" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D17D5FF13FCAB0E97" box="[667,770,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Plakortis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this species was initially and preliminarily considered to belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14C9FF4EFCB40EBA" authority="Vicente et al. 2014" authorityName="Vicente et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[391,797,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14C9FF4EFDB70EBA" box="[391,542,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Xestospongia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D177EFF70FCBC0EBA" author="Vicente" box="[560,789,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Vicente, J., Zea, S., Powell, R. J., Pawlik, J. R. & Hill, R. T. (2014) New epizooic symbioses between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology, 161, 2803 - 2818. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00227 - 014 - 2546 - z" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Vicente
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D17DCFF4EFD670EBA" box="[658,718,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. But after molecular analyses (see below) and detailed examination of skeleton, we concluded that this species belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D114FFEABFBD80F5F" box="[1025,1137,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D114FFEABFBD80F5F" box="[1025,1137,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1062FEABFA350F5F" box="[1324,1436,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1062FEABFA350F5F" box="[1324,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have a very simple as well as a more complex variety of morphological characteristics, making the classification of species in this genus very challenging. The genus encompasses over 420 species from which approximately 200 have been assigned to six subgenera [(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D160FFEC0FB890FCA" authority="Gray, 1867" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[833,1056,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Biemnidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Biemnida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D160FFEC0FC3B0FCA" box="[833,914,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Gellius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D16D3FEDFFB890FCA" author="Gray" box="[925,1056,367,392]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Gray, J. (1867) Notes on the arrangement of sponges, with the descriptions of some new genera. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 492 - 558." type="book chapter" year="1867">Gray, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1161FEC0FB6E0FCA" box="[1071,1223,367,392]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1161FEC0FB6E0FCA" box="[1071,1223,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1194FEC0FF7B0FEF" authority="Grant, 1836" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1836" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1194FEC0FAE30FCA" box="[1242,1354,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D101BFEDFFF7B0FEF" author="Grant" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Grant, R. E. (1836) Animal kingdom. In: Todd, R. B. (Ed.), The cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology, 1. Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, London, pp. 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="1836">Grant, 1836</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1590FE3AFE9E0FEE" box="[222,311,405,428]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1590FE3AFE9E0FEE" box="[222,311,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Reniera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1408FE3BFD3B0FEE" authority="Griessinger, 1971" authorityName="Griessinger" authorityYear="1971" box="[326,658,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Rhizoniera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1408FE3BFE680FEF" box="[326,449,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Rhizoniera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1487FE3BFD3B0FEE" author="Griessinger" box="[457,658,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Griessinger, J. M. (1971) Etude des Renierides de Mediterranee (Demosponges Haplosclerides). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Zoologie), 3, 120 - 121." type="journal article" year="1971">Griessinger, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D179EFE3BFBA80FEE" authority="De Weerdt, 2000" authorityName="De Weerdt" authorityYear="2000" box="[720,1025,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Soestella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D179EFE3BFC9C0FEF" box="[720,821,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Soestella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1673FE3AFBA80FEE" author="De" box="[829,1025,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)] (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D116EFE3BFB740FEE" author="De" box="[1056,1245,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2002) Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York. pp. 852 - 873. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 91" type="book chapter" year="2002">De Weerdt 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D11A4FE3AFF7D0F92" author="Van" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Van Soest, R., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K. d., De Voogd, N., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. C. & Cardenas, P. (2016) World porifera database. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / (Accessed 21 Oct. 2016)" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D102DFE3AFA350FEF" box="[1379,1436,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions of marine haplosclerids show no diversity across species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D14FFFE73FCBF0FB6" author="Redmond" box="[433,790,476,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Redmond, N. E. & McCormack, G. P. (2009) Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer regions are not suitable for intra-or interspecific phylogeny reconstruction in haplosclerid sponges (Porifera: Demospongiae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 1251 - 1256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315409000411" type="journal article" year="2009">Redmond & McCormack 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and phylogenetic studies using several barcoding genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 18S and 28S rRNA) indicate that all subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1124FE50FB730C5A" box="[1130,1242,511,536]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1124FE50FB730C5A" box="[1130,1242,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are polyphyletic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D15D0FD8BFE070C7E" author="McCormack" box="[158,430,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="McCormack, G., Erpenbeck, D. & Van Soest, R. (2002) Major discrepancy between phylogenetic hypotheses based on molecular and morphological criteria within the Order Haplosclerida (Phylum Porifera: Class Demospongiae). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 40, 237 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1439 - 0469.2002.00204. x" type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
McCormack
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D147DFD8AFEC20C7F" box="[307,363,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D14F1FD8BFD070C7E" author="Redmond" box="[447,686,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Redmond, N., Morrow, C., Thacker, R., Diaz, M., Boury-Esnault, N., Cardenas, P., Hajdu, E. & Lobo-Hajdu, G. (2013) Phylogeny and systematics of Demospongiae in light of new small-subunit ribosomal DNA (18 S) sequences. Integrative and Comparative Biology, ict 078. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icb / ict 078" type="book chapter" year="2013">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D177AFD8AFDC50C7F" box="[564,620,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D17F7FD8BFC0E0C7E" author="Redmond" box="[697,935,548,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Redmond, N., Raleigh, J., van Soest, R. W., Kelly, M., Travers, S. A., Bradshaw, B., Varitia, S., Stephens, K. M. & McCormack, G. P. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of the marine Haplosclerida (Phylum Porifera) employing ribosomal (28 S rRNA) and mitochondrial (cox 1, nad 1) gene sequence data. PLOS ONE, 6, e 24344. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0024344" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Redmond
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1663FD8AFCCF0C7F" box="[813,870,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD0CC4D1589FDE8FC030DAE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Despite the taxonomic challenges, a number of morphological characters from our new species are in agreement with the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14BEFDC3FD210CC7" box="[496,648,620,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14BEFDC3FD210CC7" box="[496,648,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species has a disorganized choanosomal skeleton without clearly distinguishable primary or paucispicular secondary lines. These skeletal properties distinguish it from the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1456FD1BFEC00C8F" box="[280,361,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Biemnidae" genus="Gellius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Biemnida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1456FD1BFEC00C8F" box="[280,361,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Gellius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14CEFD1BFD280C8F" authority="Rhizoneria" authorityName="Rhizoneria" box="[384,641,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14CEFD1BFE590C8F" box="[384,496,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1748FD1BFD280C8F" box="[518,641,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Rhizoneria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have ascending primary lines and a unispicular skeleton connecting secondary lines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D149BFD77FD390CB2" author="De" box="[469,656,727,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D17D5FD77FD710CB2" author="Weerdt" box="[667,728,728,752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2002) Family Chalinidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers: New York. pp. 852 - 873. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 91" type="book chapter" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The absence of ascending primary lines conforms more to the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D145DFD52FEC50D56" box="[275,364,765,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D145DFD52FEC50D56" box="[275,364,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Reniera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14E5FD53FDB90D57" box="[427,528,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Soestella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14E5FD53FDB90D57" box="[427,528,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Soestella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the ectosomal skeleton of the new species does not form rounded meshes as observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14D4FCB0FE560D7A" box="[410,511,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Soestella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14D4FCB0FE560D7A" box="[410,511,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Soestella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ectosomal properties of the new species also do not fit within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D11B5FC8EFAFD0D7A" box="[1275,1364,801,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Reniera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D11B5FC8EFAFD0D7A" box="[1275,1364,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Reniera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since it is irregular, not unispicular with isotropic reticulation and does not have spongin at the nodes. The ectosomal skeleton of the new species is subisotropic and paucispicular which conforms more to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1133FCC8FABF0DC2" box="[1149,1302,871,896]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1133FCC8FABF0DC2" box="[1149,1302,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It also has subectosomal spaces that allow it to be easily detachable from the choanosome. However, the low abundance of spongin in the new species makes it difficult to unquestionably classify it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D16A6FC00FB290D8A" box="[1000,1152,943,968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16A6FC00FB290D8A" box="[1000,1152,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as most members of this subgenus only have spongin present at the nodes where spicules meet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD0CC4D1589FC58FC550B72" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
There are 35 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14A5FC58FDF20A52" box="[491,603,1015,1040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14A5FC58FDF20A52" box="[491,603,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponges throughout the TWA of which seven belong to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D15D9FBB3FE990A77" box="[151,304,1052,1077]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15D9FBB3FE990A77" box="[151,304,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bispo
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14C4FBB2FE6A0A77" box="[394,451,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014; Muricy
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1723FBB2FD0F0A77" box="[621,678,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015). There are two species described from mangrove habitats in La Parguera,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD0CC4D1463FBEFFE1F0A1A" box="[301,438,1087,1112]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D148CFBEEFC080A1A" authority="De Weerdt et al., 1991" authorityName="De Weerdt et al." authorityYear="1991" box="[450,929,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="magnifica" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D148CFBEEFE740A1A" box="[450,477,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14A3FBEEFDA00A1A" box="[493,521,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1757FBEFFD200A1A" box="[537,649,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D17D6FBEFFC300A1A" author="De" box="[664,921,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H., Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1991) The Chalinidae (Porifera) of Twin Cays, Belize, and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104, 189 - 205." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
De Weerdt
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1654FBEEFCFB0A1A" box="[794,850,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1697FBEEFA310A1A" authority="Pulitzer-Finali 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[985,1432,1087,1112]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perforata" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1697FBEEFC5D0A1A" box="[985,1012,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D114AFBEEFB890A1A" box="[1028,1056,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D117FFBEFFB330A1A" box="[1073,1178,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">perforata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D11E7FB90FA390A1A" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[1193,1424,1087,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A Collection of West Indian Demospongiae (porifera): In Appendix, a List of the Demospongiae Hitherto Recorded from the West Indies: Montotipia Erredi." type="book" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D15D9FBCAFEC80A3E" box="[151,353,1124,1148]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="magnifica" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15D9FBCAFF1A0A3E" box="[151,179,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D158AFBCAFF490A3E" box="[196,224,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15BFFBCBFEC80A3E" box="[241,353,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a massive sponge with thick walled tubes, a dense subisotropic reticulation of the ectosome that loosely overlays the choanosome composed of a subisotropic reticulation of oxeas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D113FFB27FAC40AE2" author="De" box="[1137,1389,1159,1184]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H., Rutzler, K. & Smith, K. P. (1991) The Chalinidae (Porifera) of Twin Cays, Belize, and adjacent waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104, 189 - 205." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
De Weerdt
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D11BCFB26FA830AE2" box="[1266,1322,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D10CFFB26FE9F0A86" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perforata" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D10CFFB26FA3C0AE2" box="[1409,1429,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15EEFB02FF150A86" box="[160,188,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1582FB03FE9F0A86" box="[204,310,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">perforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also massive but with friable consistency; the choanosomal and ectosomal skeletons are networks of single spicules connected by spongin at the nodes. The new species is not massive, has a subisotropic reticulation of spicules, but also a paucispicular reticulation at the ectosome without spongin at the nodes; these characters are not found in either of the two halichoclonids from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD0CC4D1621FAB7FC5E0B72" box="[879,1015,1303,1328]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E343689FFD0CC4D1589FA93FF450932" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
The other five
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D143EFA92FE2D0B16" box="[368,388,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14D2FA93FD9C0B17" box="[412,565,1340,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14D2FA93FD9C0B17" box="[412,565,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Halichoclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) species from the TWA are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1639FA92FAA80B17" authority="Hechtel 1965" authorityName="Hechtel" authorityYear="1965" box="[887,1281,1340,1365]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albifragilis" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1639FA92FC220B16" box="[887,907,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16EAFA92FC160B16" box="[932,959,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D169EFA93FBE40B17" box="[976,1101,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">albifragilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1112FA93FB510B17" author="Hechtel" box="[1116,1272,1340,1365]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Hechtel, G. J. (1965) A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 20, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1965">Hechtel 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1040FA92FE220B3A" authority="Sandes et al., 2014" authorityName="Sandes et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dura" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1040FA92FA8B0B16" box="[1294,1314,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1074FA92FAFF0B16" box="[1338,1366,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1029FA93FA350B17" box="[1383,1436,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">dura</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D15D0FAF0FE2A0B3A" author="Sandes" box="[158,387,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Sandes, J., Bispo, A. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Two new species of Haliclona Grant, 1836 (Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Sergipe State, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3793 (2), 273 - 280. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.2.7" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Sandes
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15B4FACEFE9C0B3A" box="[250,309,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14D7FACEFCC90B3A" authority="Campos et al., 2005" authorityName="Campos et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[409,864,1375,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lernerae" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14D7FACEFE040B3A" box="[409,429,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1486FACEFE4D0B3A" box="[456,484,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14B9FAF0FDFF0B3A" box="[503,598,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">lernerae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1726FACFFCF00B3A" author="Campos" box="[616,857,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, R. & Van Soest, R. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D179EFACEFCA50B3A" box="[720,780,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1621FACEFAAE0B3A" authority="De Weerdt, 2000" authorityName="De Weerdt" authorityYear="2000" box="[879,1287,1375,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stoneae" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1621FACEFC2A0B3A" box="[879,899,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16D0FACEFC130B3A" box="[926,954,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1683FACEFB8B0B3A" box="[973,1058,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">stoneae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D117BFACFFB560B3A" author="De" box="[1077,1279,1375,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1006FACEFE710BDE" authority="De Weerdt 2000" authorityName="De Weerdt" authorityYear="2000" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vansoesti" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1006FACEFAF50B3A" box="[1352,1372,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1039FACEFA3A0B3A" box="[1399,1427,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15D9FA2AFF560BDE" box="[151,255,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">vansoesti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1441FA2BFE780BDE" author="De" box="[271,465,1412,1437]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D14ABFA2AFD0E0BDE" box="[485,679,1412,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vansoesti" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D14ABFA2AFE500BDE" box="[485,505,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D175CFA2AFD870BDE" box="[530,558,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1771FA2AFD0E0BDE" box="[575,679,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">vansoesti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also blue but forms thick cushions with large elliptical oscules, and has an easily detachable subisotropic ectosomal skeleton (De Weerdt
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1692FA06FBBC0B82" box="[988,1045,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1120FA06FAB40B82" box="[1134,1309,1448,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="stoneae" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1120FA06FB2B0B82" box="[1134,1154,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D11D5FA06FB1F0B82" box="[1179,1206,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1189FA06FAB40B82" box="[1223,1309,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">stoneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also forms thick cushions with large oscules and large oxeas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D179FFA63FC260BA6" author="De" box="[721,911,1484,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D16ECFA62FBF00BA7" box="[930,1113,1484,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lernerae" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16ECFA62FC1F0BA6" box="[930,950,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1680FA62FC430BA6" box="[974,1002,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16B4FA63FBF00BA7" box="[1018,1113,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">lernerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found in deep habitats off the coast of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="169C7619FFD0CC4D14C4FA40FE67084A" box="[394,462,1519,1544]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and exhibits a massive tube-like morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D16ABFA5FFB63084A" author="Campos" box="[997,1226,1519,1544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, R. & Van Soest, R. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhao State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1105FA5EFB2C084A" box="[1099,1157,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1193FA5EFAC5084A" box="[1245,1388,1519,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dura" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1193FA5EFB58084A" box="[1245,1265,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1044FA5EFA8F084A" box="[1290,1318,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1079FA40FAC5084A" box="[1335,1388,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">dura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a thickly encrusting sponge with hard incompressible consistency (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D16CDF9BBFBF6086E" author="Sandes" box="[899,1119,1556,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="Sandes, J., Bispo, A. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Two new species of Haliclona Grant, 1836 (Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Sergipe State, Brazil. Zootaxa, 3793 (2), 273 - 280. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3793.2.7" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Sandes
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1693F9BAFBB1086F" box="[989,1048,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The massive, large oscule morphology of these sponges does not fit our new species. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D16AFF996FB680812" box="[993,1217,1591,1616]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albifragilis" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16AFF996FC5C0812" box="[993,1013,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D115DF996FB870812" box="[1043,1070,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D110AF998FB680812" box="[1092,1217,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">albifragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the closest morphological characteristics to our new species. This sponge is small, thinly encrusting, without visible oscula and grows under coral rubble below
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD0CC4D1777F92FFDDA08D5" box="[569,627,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="74.0">74 m</quantity>
|
||
in depth, with a subisotropic choanosomal and ectosomal skeleton (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1A4B78FFD0CC4D1034F92FFE8408FE" author="De" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" refString="De Weerdt, W. H. (2000) A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia, 50, 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="2000">De Weerdt 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This sponge however, lacks large subectosomal spaces and the new species exhibits large spaces underlying the ectosome. The new species also forms a thin veneer of tissue that exceeds
|
||
<quantity id="A9739B6CFFD0CC4D11CEF967FB1E089D" box="[1152,1207,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
patches along the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D10C9F966FEB80947" class="Homoscleromorpha" family="Plakinidae" genus="Plakortis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Homosclerophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="symbiotica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D10C9F966FEB80947" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">P. symbiotica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1459F943FED90947" bold="true" box="[279,368,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD0CC4D1459F943FED90947" box="[279,368,1772,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
body. There are also inconsistencies in the description of its color and there is no mention of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D10CFF942FEE2096A" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Halichoclona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albifragilis" subGenus="Halichoclona">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D10CFF942FA3C0946" box="[1409,1429,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D15EEF8BEFF15096A" box="[160,188,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1580F8A0FEE2096A" box="[206,331,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">albifragilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with papillated morphology. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences for 18S rRNA and
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D103BF8BEFA35096A" box="[1397,1436,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">cox</emphasis>
|
||
genes from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1451F89BFE26090F" box="[287,399,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1451F89BFE26090F" box="[287,399,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">Haliclona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in GenBank supported that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98B4D0AFFD0CC4D1644F89AFC0F090F" box="[778,934,1844,1869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Chalinidae" genus="Haliclona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plakophila" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D1644F89AFC0F090F" box="[778,934,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">H. plakophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5CFFEA9BFFD0CC4D16E1F89BFBA3090F" bold="true" box="[943,1034,1844,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="47CC57E0FFD0CC4D16E1F89BFBA3090F" box="[943,1034,1844,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a new species (results described below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |