310 lines
41 KiB
XML
310 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.19.221" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576503" ID-ZooBank="C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C" checkinTime="1587956031210" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wesener, Thomas, Enghoff, Henrik & Sierwald, Petra" docDate="2009" docId="1772122E7834FFF2FF013C37AC9CE9BB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2037.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 19 (19)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@11b73717" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Riotintobolus minutus Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald 2009, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="69657A54-E55E-4B78-BD6A-C14D398BC1F6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="EB4B6A567807FFC6FF8D3F74AF59EA51" masterDocTitle="Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1636630017160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. & Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. & B 54 D 3623309</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sierwald, Petra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-09-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>19</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>128</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.19.221</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">e6ea8eea-7156-4785-8313-f4bd88dadad1</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576503</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C473F9F6-1AE7-4B3F-B17F-CA1C2709010C</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791417" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163747643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791417" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:69657A54-E55E-4B78-BD6A-C14D398BC1F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1772122E7834FFF2FF013C37AC9CE9BB" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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||
<subSubSection box="[140,592,835,862]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,979,835,897]" box="[140,592,835,862]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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||
<heading box="[140,592,835,862]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,592,835,862]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wesener" authorityName="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[140,515,835,862]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Riotintobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,407,835,862]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Riotintobolus minutus</emphasis>
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Wesener
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[527,592,835,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,979,870,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,979,835,897]" box="[140,979,870,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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||
<uri box="[140,979,870,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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||
<uuid box="[422,979,870,897]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">69657A54-E55E-4B78-BD6A-C14D398BC1F6</uuid>
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</uri>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1108,941,1672]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,370,941,967]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis box="[140,241,941,967]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">Material</emphasis>
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examined:
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</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608818328" collectingDate="2003-04-06" collectionCode="FMMC" collectorName="Sainte Luce, S & T. Wesener" latitude="-24.783333" location="Province" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="47.166668" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="holotype">
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1 ♂,
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<specimenCount box="[432,474,941,968]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[488,571,941,967]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">2 imm.</specimenCount>
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<emphasis box="[577,680,941,967]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus box="[577,674,941,967]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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1 ♂ (
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<quantity box="[744,827,941,968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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long),
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<collectionCode box="[906,999,941,967]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FMMC</collectionCode>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1772122E7834FFF2FF013C37AC9CE9BB:9A04F5E37834FFF5FC7F3CD9AB0DE996" box="[1010,1108,941,967]" latitude="-24.783333" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="47.166668" name="Province" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Toliara">Province</location>
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<collectingRegion box="[140,222,976,1002]" country="Madagascar" name="Toliara" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Toliara</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName box="[232,392,976,1003]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sainte Luce, S</collectorName>
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9, littoral forest on sand, in leaf litter (deep),
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<geoCoordinate box="[893,991,976,1002]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-24.783333">24°47’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[1002,1103,976,1003]" degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="47.166668">47°10’ E</geoCoordinate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName box="[184,311,1012,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">T. Wesener</collectorName>
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,
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<date box="[321,454,1011,1037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2003-04-06">
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<collectingDate box="[321,454,1011,1037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2003-04-06">06.IV.2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608818248" box="[464,1082,1011,1038]" collectingDate="2003-04-06" collectionCode="FMMC" collectorName="Sainte Luce, S & T. Wesener" latitude="-24.783333" location="Province" longLatPrecision="1249" longitude="47.166668" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis box="[464,571,1012,1037]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<typeStatus box="[464,566,1012,1037]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount box="[578,620,1012,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount box="[635,720,1011,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">2 imm.</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[731,824,1012,1038]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FMMC</collectionCode>
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, same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2608818222" collectingDate="2007-06-01" collectionCode="FMMC" collectorName="Sainte Luce, S & Wesener" elevation="12" latitude="-24.779484" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="47.171467" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="W031" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Toliara" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[174,264,1047,1073]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FMMC</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[270,344,1047,1073]" collectionCode="FMMC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">W031</specimenCode>
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B,
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<collectorName box="[373,533,1047,1073]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sainte Luce, S</collectorName>
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9, in leaf litter with roots,
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<geoCoordinate box="[822,971,1047,1073]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="46.769" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="1" value="-24.779484">24°46.769’ S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="10.288" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="1" value="47.171467">47°10.288’ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity box="[172,234,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.0">
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||
<elevation box="[172,234,1082,1108]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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, littoral forest on sand, leg.
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<collectorName box="[548,643,1082,1108]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wesener</collectorName>
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et al.,
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<date box="[720,856,1082,1108]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-01">
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<collectingDate box="[720,856,1082,1108]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2007-06-01">01.VI.2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1108,941,1672]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,451,1117,1143]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis box="[185,324,1117,1143]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">Differential</emphasis>
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diagnosis:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[458,579,1118,1143]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Riotintobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[458,579,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R. minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the smallest known species of the genus and with a body length in mature males of only
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<quantity box="[651,739,1152,1179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
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, one of the smallest
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1895" box="[977,1107,1152,1178]" class="Diplopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Spirobolida</taxonomicName>
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species known from
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<collectingCountry box="[372,507,1187,1213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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. The pitch-black colour with a thick dorsal red stripe (
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<figureCitation box="[148,251,1223,1249]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
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) helps to clearly identify this species. The gonopods of this species are in some aspects similar to those of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[502,670,1258,1284]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Riotintobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[502,670,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R. mandenensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald, 2009" authorityName="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[727,861,1258,1284]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Riotintobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis box="[727,861,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">R. anomalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[869,930,1258,1284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1108,941,1672]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,335,1293,1319]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis box="[185,330,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[343,495,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Measurements</emphasis>
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: male
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<typeStatus box="[573,672,1293,1319]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">holotype</typeStatus>
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with 38 podous and 2 apodous rings,
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||
<quantity box="[140,222,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
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<quantity box="[293,382,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Females with 39–41 podous and 0–2 apodous body rings,
|
||
<quantity box="[140,267,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="23.0">23–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[339,429,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="51.[140,1108,941,1672]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,299,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Coloration</emphasis>
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pitch-black, dorsally with an extraordinary wide, red stripe (
|
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<figureCitation box="[991,1095,1399,1425]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
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). Openings of ozopores highlighted by a red spot (
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<figureCitation box="[675,776,1434,1460]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
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). Posterior half of collum dorsally black (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[267,367,1469,1495]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, lateral part of anal valves and subanal scale red, legs whitish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[226,317,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="73.[140,212,1526,1548]" captionTargetBox="[154,1094,165,1507]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[154,1095,165,1507]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="Figure 40. Caprobolus andringitra sp. n. male paratype, SEM. A antenna, overview B antenna, apical view on disc C antennomere 5 with sensilla basiconica D gnathochilarium, ventral view E endochilarium detail F left mandible, mesal view G mandible, detail of pectinate lamella. 3iT = 3-combed internal tooth; cp = central pads of endochilarium; Endo = endochilarium; eT = external tooth; L = ledge; LT = lateral tooth; Me = mentum; mp = molar plate; pL = pectinate lamella; sb = sensilla basiconica; ST = stipites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767328/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig.40B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[346,389,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Eyes</emphasis>
|
||
with 12–14 partly fused ocelli arranged in three rows (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[995,1096,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[140,242,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
protruding back to body ring 2 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[638,744,1539,1566]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,811,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
lacking tarsal pads. Male legs reach 0.7 times, female legs 0.5 times, body diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[816,924,1575,1601]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[947,1107,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Preanal process</emphasis>
|
||
sharp-edged, but not protruding above anal valves (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[704,808,1610,1636]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anal valves small, at midanterior part with a deep groove. Margin of lip towards groove sharp-edged (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[990,1095,1645,1671]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,167,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,372,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Anterior gonopod</emphasis>
|
||
sternite apically elevated into a wide lobe with a triangular, wellrounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[293,403,202,228]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite tip almost as high as mesal coxite process, which is relatively slender but longer than sternite (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[615,723,237,263]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Telopodite on posterior side apically with a large triangular, retrorse process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[639,732,272,298]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27J</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is projecting above coxite and telopodite margins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[417,511,307,334]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,167,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,382,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Posterior gonopods</emphasis>
|
||
telopodite laterally with two large, finger-shaped processes (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sperm canal discharging at more apical process. Apically, a large membrane present, extending into two lobes, apically twice as wide as basally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[898,1003,413,439]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="47.[140,212,1494,1516]" captionTargetBox="[181,1066,165,1466]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[181,1067,165,1211]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figure 27. Riotintobolus minutus sp. n., A–E female paratype(s), F–K male holotype. A two living specimens B habitus C gnathochilarium, overview; D midbody ring with leg pair E head, detail of incisura lateralis F legs 1–5, ventral view G telson H anterior gonopod, anterior view I left posterior gonopod, anterior view Į anterior gonopod, posterior view K left posterior gonopod, posterior view. av = anal valves; Co = collum; Cx = coxite; d-g = ozopores; Gr = groove; IL = incisura lateralis; L = ledge; Md = mandible; Pe = “penes”; Pre = preanal ring; St = sternite; T = telopodite; Te = telson. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767306" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767306/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 27K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,167,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,456,448,474]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,333,448,474]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Intraspecific</emphasis>
|
||
variation:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
females with 39+2 and 41+0 body rings are known, indicating post-mature moults.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,167,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,491,518,545]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,336,518,544]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
and ecology
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: this species was only collected in the isolated littoral rainforest on sand in Sainte Luce (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[522,605,554,581]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="45.[140,212,1654,1676]" captionTargetBox="[162,1133,1244,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[162,1130,1244,1634]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure 25. Distribution of the genus Riotintobolus gen. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3820816/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only circa 200 ha of this forest will remain after a large scale mining project (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vincelette" box="[517,762,589,616]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Vincelette" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1535 - 1537" refId="ref57793" refString="Vincelette M, Randrihasipara L, Ramanamanjato J-B, Lowry (II) PP, Ganzhorn JU (2003) Mining and environmental conservation: The case of QIT Madagascar Minerals in the Southeast. In: Goodman SM, Benstead JP (Eds) The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 1535 - 1537." type="book chapter" year="2003">Vincelette et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bollen and Donati" box="[774,1054,589,616]" firstAuthor="Bollen" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref56808" refString="Bollen A, Donati G (2006) Conservation status of the littoral forest of south-eastern Madagascar: a review. Oryx 40 (1): 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="2006">Bollen and Donati 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although officially protected, large scale wood removal and even slash-and-burn agriculture (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[199,299,659,686]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="44.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,447,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[140,1108,446,1570]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 24. A Riotintobolus mandenensis sp. n., living specimens B pseudosteppe and burned shrubs dominating the area between the littoral forests of Mandena and Sainte Luce, SE Madagascar C Sainte Luce littoral forest, manioc plantation and destroyed trees inside conservation zone S8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767302/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is still ongoing in this forest (own observations in
|
||
<date box="[864,1002,659,686]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2003-03">March 2003</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2007-06">June 2007</date>
|
||
). The surrounding pseudosteppe is regularly burned, further endangering this forest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[219,322,730,756]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="44.[140,212,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[140,1108,447,1570]" captionTargetId="figure@44.[140,1108,446,1570]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 24. A Riotintobolus mandenensis sp. n., living specimens B pseudosteppe and burned shrubs dominating the area between the littoral forests of Mandena and Sainte Luce, SE Madagascar C Sainte Luce littoral forest, manioc plantation and destroyed trees inside conservation zone S8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3767302" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3767302/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, further searches should be conducted in small remaining coastal forests north of Sainte Luce, where this species could also occur. All specimens were found deep in the soil under the wet leaf litter. Disturbed specimens often did not curl into a spiral, but remained motionless and stiff like a stick even when picked up. The giant pill-millipede species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wesener & Sierwald, 2005" authorityName="Wesener & Sierwald" authorityYear="2005" box="[508,1107,870,897]" class="Diplopoda" family="Sphaerotheriidae" genus="Sphaeromimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[508,785,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Sphaeromimus splendidus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener & Sierwald" box="[795,1107,870,897]" firstAuthor="Wesener" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="557 - 599" refId="ref57920" refString="Wesener T, Sierwald P (2005) The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: Revision of the genus Sphaeromimus, with a review of the morphological terminology (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Sphaerotheriidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56 (29): 557 - 599. [http: // research. calacademy. org / research / scipubs / pdfs / v 56 / proccas _ v 56 _ n 29. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2005">Wesener & Sierwald, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a still undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[408,560,906,932]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,560,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are currently also only known from the littoral forest of Sainte Luce (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener and Sierwald" box="[464,781,941,968]" firstAuthor="Wesener" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="557 - 599" refId="ref57920" refString="Wesener T, Sierwald P (2005) The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: Revision of the genus Sphaeromimus, with a review of the morphological terminology (Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Sphaerotheriidae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 56 (29): 557 - 599. [http: // research. calacademy. org / research / scipubs / pdfs / v 56 / proccas _ v 56 _ n 29. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2005">Wesener and Sierwald 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wesener and Wagele" box="[792,1093,941,968]" firstAuthor="Wesener" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref58076" refString="Wesener T, Wagele J-W (2008) The giant pill-millipedes of Madagascar: revision of the genus Zoosphaerium (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida). Zoosystema 30 (1): 1 - 85. [http: // www. mnhn. fr / museum / front / medias / publication / 13338 _ z 08 n 1 a 1. pdf]" type="journal article" year="2008">Wesener and Wägele 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[185,965,976,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="52.[140,1108,167,1003]" box="[185,965,976,1003]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,323,976,1002]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,318,976,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="1">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wesener & Enghoff & Sierwald" authorityYear="2009" box="[330,419,977,1002]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" genus="Riotintobolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis box="[330,419,977,1002]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adjective, refers to the small size of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |