179 lines
20 KiB
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179 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="D110292E81DB31A5F7F06E49700C6055" ID-CLB-Dataset="115950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4bf1061-5af8-4f4a-b4ca-234b6d0ca615" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6972960" ID-ZooBank="F80F144B-D1E8-4587-A146-0BACFFE18FB6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1659936256232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beaver, Roger A. & Smith, Sarah M." docDate="2022" docId="217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5174.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5174 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Xylosandrus crassiusculus" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="DD437A736E543F0DFFFB4D0DFFFCCF2B" masterDocTitle="The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1699365110226" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="07A0CC3EB28437712CAFA375739D3383" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C83FA8CC0ED31CF8AA00A11F3A7ECA62">
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<mods:title id="A03CAAF9523525129A7ED032D479F131">The bark and ambrosia beetles of Bhutan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae): a synopsis with three new species of Scolytinae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FF74CD6D6B40DC08CCCBC2E174CD3808" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1E5619F2412AD9A2F30C6AF8A49BF198">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7865BF9C2923F424FA00AD67E4727786">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="59F483229D240B5BE086073795B8E422">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="56240730A60B8E1EF2BF8569A8DDE087">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="D189A3D0A2C0DC3E32AA25801ABE9644">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1390866B0C62455BB4A7437BA9E1EF1C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="E51D47C7EAD37B6069DCC7E9192DBB10">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, 243 Natural Science Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. smith 462 @ msu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5173 - 3736</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="282155518FCDAA52B1C4FFC2AC07646F" type="email">smith462@msu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2572284D8FFBB510E1DAB5475EC5E942">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="DBA0A26A57735DA70B2EF79760691A8C">
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<mods:title id="93DBD5970CF86371FBB46F453E1071AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8E58366AC289DD324573461F26490959">
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<mods:date id="FB8882F0FCC9DEF71035B6319F25C0EB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4E5C8FDBE415F99750858F647178DE2A">2022-08-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6B9E86C58E7487E94ECA2A6257D4FF85" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2A5AE9DE0D1C011985EC17FABA7E5D6B">5174</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="651FDB7383F56CEDE71FC3B0A491D7F1" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="B7F79602C64B45B7474AB8DD8471CAF0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5174.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6973022" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198633435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6973022" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/217A020B6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD89C892" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5A3F03FF6C4853FD80CA53" box="[151,636,1374,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD80CA53" blockId="14.[151,1024,1374,1509]" box="[151,636,1374,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="F22404716E5A3F03FF6C4853FD80CA53" bold="true" box="[151,636,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD80CA53" ID-CoL="5CMJB" authority="(Motschulsky)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" box="[151,636,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF6C4853FD80CA53" bold="true" box="[151,636,1374,1401]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF6C4853FE37CA52" bold="true" box="[151,459,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xylosandrus crassiusculus</emphasis>
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(Motschulsky)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5A3F03FF3C488EFB56C906" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF3C488EFCEBCAB6" blockId="14.[151,1024,1374,1509]" box="[199,791,1411,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="89C394336E5A3F03FF3C488EFCEBCAB6" box="[199,791,1411,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitation id="2872950C6E5A3F03FF3C488EFCEFCAB6" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[199,787,1411,1437]" page="403" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1866">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FF3C488EFCEFCAB6" ID-CoL="77BWL" authority="Motschulsky, 1866: 403" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="403" authorityYear="1866" box="[199,787,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phloeotrogus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF3C488EFE07CAB6" box="[199,507,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Phloeotrogus crassiusculus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FDF9488EFCEFCAB6" author="Motschulsky, V." box="[514,787,1411,1437]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="393 - 446" refId="ref15173" refString="Motschulsky, V. (1866) Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'ile de Ceylan. (Supplement). Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 39, 393 - 446." type="journal article" year="1866">Motschulsky, 1866: 403</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF3C48AAFCA1CAEA" blockId="14.[151,1024,1374,1509]" box="[199,861,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="89C394336E5A3F03FF3C48AAFCA1CAEA" box="[199,861,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FF3C48AAFD5CCAEA" ID-CoL="5CMJB" authority="(Motschulsky)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" box="[199,672,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF3C48AAFE0DCAEA" box="[199,497,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xylosandrus crassiusculus</emphasis>
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(Motschulsky)
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="2872950C6E5A3F03FD5148AAFCA5CAEA" author="Wood, S. L." box="[682,857,1447,1473]" page="68" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1977">
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FD5148AAFCA5CAEA" author="Wood, S. L." box="[682,857,1447,1473]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 74" refId="ref17263" refString="Wood, S. L. (1977) Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist, 37, 67 - 74." type="journal article" year="1977">Wood 1977: 68</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF3C48C6FBFCCACE" blockId="14.[151,1024,1374,1509]" box="[199,1024,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="89C394336E5A3F03FF3C48C6FBFCCACE" box="[199,1024,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FF3C48C6FD51CACE" ID-CoL="5CJKV" authority="Eichhoff, 1878: 334" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityPageNumber="334" authorityYear="1878" box="[199,685,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF3C48C6FE3FCACF" box="[199,451,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xyleborus semiopacus</emphasis>
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Eichhoff, 1878: 334
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</taxonomicName>
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. Synonymy:
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<treatmentCitation id="2872950C6E5A3F03FCC448C6FC07CACE" author="Wood, S. L." box="[831,1019,1483,1509]" page="119" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1969">
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FCC448C6FC07CACE" author="Wood, S. L." box="[831,1019,1483,1509]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 128" refId="ref17218" refString="Wood, S. L. (1969) New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist, 29, 113 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17054" type="journal article" year="1969">Wood 1969: 119</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF6C4B1EFB56C906" blockId="14.[151,1437,1554,1977]" box="[151,1194,1554,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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This species was recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FDFA4B1EFDAEC906" box="[513,594,1555,1581]" name="Bhutan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FD874B1EFCECC906" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[636,784,1554,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="383 - 385" refId="ref16240" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1975) Ergebnisse der Bhutan-Expedition 1972 des Naturhistorischen Museums in Basel, Coleoptera: Fam: Scolytidae und Platypodidae. Entomologica Basiliensia, 1, 383 - 385." type="journal article" year="1975">Schedl (1975</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FCCE4B1EFB63C906" ID-CoL="5CJKV" authority="Eichhoff" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" box="[821,1183,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FCCE4B1EFBCDC907" box="[821,1073,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xyleborus semiopacus</emphasis>
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Eichhoff
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5A3F03FF3C4B3BFEF6C996" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF3C4B3BFEF6C996" blockId="14.[151,1437,1554,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF3C4B3BFE9DC97B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
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The species is native to and widespread through the Oriental region, extending North to
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FF6C4B56FF2BC95E" box="[151,215,1627,1653]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FEEF4B56FEA7C95E" box="[276,347,1627,1653]" name="South Korea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
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, and East to New
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FDCC4B56FD77C95E" box="[567,651,1627,1653]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FD624B56FD3CC95E" box="[665,704,1627,1653]" name="Fiji" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fiji</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FD064B56FCB1C95E" box="[765,845,1627,1653]" name="Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Samoa</collectingCountry>
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; presumably originally imported to tropical Africa, but now widespread in the Afrotropical region; imported to and established in southern Europe,
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FB214B72FABDC9B2" box="[1242,1345,1663,1689]" name="Australia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and the Americas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E1C9E0966E5A3F03FF3C4BCBFD89C892" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="A96CB31D6E5A3F03FF3C4BCBFD89C892" blockId="14.[151,1437,1554,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FF3C4BCBFEDBC9CB" bold="true" box="[199,295,1734,1760]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Biology.</emphasis>
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The species is strongly polyphagous, and numerous host trees are listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FB9B4BCAFA94C9CA" author="Dole, S. A. & Cognato, A. I." box="[1120,1384,1735,1761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="451 - 545" refId="ref12794" refString="Dole, S. A. & Cognato, A. I. (2010) Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 61, 451 - 545." type="journal article" year="2010">Dole & Cognato (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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. The biology and gallery system have been described by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FD2D4BE6FC7FC82E" author="Browne, F. G." box="[726,899,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref11954" refString="Browne, F. G. (1961) The biology of Malayan Scolytidae and Platypodidae. Malayan Forest Records, 22, 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="1961">Browne (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FC754BE6FBD7C82E" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[910,1067,1771,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 594" refId="ref16119" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1963) Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique, 5, 1 - 594." type="journal article" year="1963">Schedl (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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(both as
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<taxonomicName id="6ED3C89E6E5A3F03FB6A4BE6FA70C82F" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" box="[1169,1420,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FB6A4BE6FA70C82F" box="[1169,1420,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Xyleborus semiopacus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FF3C4A02FE55C802" author="Ranger, C. M. & Reding, M. E. & Schultz, P. B. & Oliver, J. B. & Frank, S. D. & Addesso, K. M. & Chong, J. H. & Sampson, B. & Werle, C. & Gill, S. & Krause, C." box="[199,425,1807,1833]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15609" refString="Ranger, C. M., Reding, M. E., Schultz, P. B., Oliver, J. B., Frank, S. D., Addesso, K. M., Chong, J. H., Sampson, B., Werle, C., Gill, S. & Krause, C. (2016) Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 7, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jipm / pmw 005" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Ranger
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FEE44A02FEA4C802" box="[287,344,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016)
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</bibRefCitation>
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amongst others. This is a species of economic importance because it can attack and breed in healthy shoots and twigs, although it more usually attacks physiologically stressed plants (
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FB4C4A3EFA6DC866" author="Ranger, C. M. & Reding, M. E. & Schultz, P. B. & Oliver, J. B. & Frank, S. D. & Addesso, K. M. & Chong, J. H. & Sampson, B. & Werle, C. & Gill, S. & Krause, C." box="[1207,1425,1843,1869]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15609" refString="Ranger, C. M., Reding, M. E., Schultz, P. B., Oliver, J. B., Frank, S. D., Addesso, K. M., Chong, J. H., Sampson, B., Werle, C., Gill, S. & Krause, C. (2016) Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 7, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jipm / pmw 005" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Ranger
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FAE94A3EFAB0C866" box="[1298,1356,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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). This can facilitate the introduction of pathogenic fungi (Mayers
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FC914A5AFC5FC85A" box="[874,931,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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2016). It has become a major pest species in the southern
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<collectingCountry id="D1C4F38D6E5A3F03FED04A76FE9AC8BE" box="[299,358,1915,1941]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
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, especially in fruit tree nurseries. Management strategies are discussed by
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FB424A76FA64C8BE" author="Ranger, C. M. & Reding, M. E. & Schultz, P. B. & Oliver, J. B. & Frank, S. D. & Addesso, K. M. & Chong, J. H. & Sampson, B. & Werle, C. & Gill, S. & Krause, C." box="[1209,1432,1915,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref15609" refString="Ranger, C. M., Reding, M. E., Schultz, P. B., Oliver, J. B., Frank, S. D., Addesso, K. M., Chong, J. H., Sampson, B., Werle, C., Gill, S. & Krause, C. (2016) Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 7, 1 - 9. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jipm / pmw 005" type="journal article" year="2016">
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Ranger
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FAE94A76FAB0C8BE" box="[1298,1356,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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(2016
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</bibRefCitation>
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, 2021),
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<bibRefCitation id="CD42CEEC6E5A3F03FF1C4A92FE12C892" author="Gugliuzzo, A. & Biedermann, P. H. W. & Carrillo, D. & Castrillo, L. A. & Egonyu, J. P. & Gallego, D. & Haddi, K. & Hulcr, J. & Jactel, H. & Kajimura, H. & Kamata, N. & Meurisse, N. & Li, Y. & Oliver, J. B. & Ranger, C. M. & Rassati, D. & Stelinski, L. L. & Sutherland, R. & Tropea Garzia, G. & Wright, M. G. & Biondi, A." box="[231,494,1951,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="615 - 637" refId="ref13308" refString="Gugliuzzo, A., Biedermann, P. H. W., Carrillo, D., Castrillo, L. A., Egonyu, J. P., Gallego, D., Haddi, K., Hulcr, J., Jactel, H., Kajimura, H., Kamata, N., Meurisse, N., Li, Y., Oliver, J. B., Ranger, C. M., Rassati, D., Stelinski, L. L., Sutherland, R., Tropea Garzia, G., Wright, M. G. & Biondi, A. (2021) Recent advances toward the sustainable management of invasive Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles. Journal of Pest Management, 94, 615 - 637. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10340 - 021 - 01382 - 3" type="journal article" year="2021">
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Gugliuzzo
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<emphasis id="9BA76F0F6E5A3F03FE994A92FE66C892" box="[354,410,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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(2021)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, and others.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |