349 lines
44 KiB
XML
349 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d6a55a29-30df-409c-9879-ecff3c19fbb2" ID-PMC="PMC3260909" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-139-45" ID-PubMed="22259309" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-139-45" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 139" ModsDocTitle="A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species" checkinTime="1451249759556" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jiang, Nan, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang" docDate="2011" docId="4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 139: 45-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 139" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308" docTitle="Biston panterinaria Bremer & Grey 1853" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FFFD4129FFDEFF9C9A7DFF89F61DFFD3" masterDocTitle="A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668152443332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xue, Dayong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Han, Hongxiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>139</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>45</mods:start>
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<mods:end>96</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-139-45</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031638" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_panterinaria" authority="Bremer & Grey, 1853" authorityName="Bremer & Grey" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Grey, 1853)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 58-6990-96115, 116129, 130
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="71" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amphidasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidasis panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Amphidasis panterinaria</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Bremer & Grey, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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, Beitr. Schmett.-Fauna nord. China: 21, pl. 10, fig. 1. Syntypes, China (north).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Buzura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buzura abraxata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abraxata">Buzura abraxata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Leech, LH" journalOrPublisher="Tinea" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" title="On Lepidoptera Heterocera from China, Japan and Corea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6) 19: 297 - 349, 414 - 463." url="doi: 10.1080/00222939708680542" year="1897">Leech, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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, Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1889 (1): 143, pl. 9, fig. 14. Syntype(s) ♀, China: Yangzee River, Kiukiang. (BMNH), syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culcula panterinaria subsp. lienpingensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="lienpingensis">Culcula panterinaria lienpingensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Wehrli, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 266, pl. 20: b. Syntype(s), China: Guangdong, Lienping. (ZFMK), syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culcula panterinaria subsp. szechuanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="szechuanensis">Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Wehrli, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 266, pl. 20: b. Syntype(s), China: Sichuan, Tien-Tsuen. (ZFMK), syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culcula panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Culcula panterinaria</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Inoue, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Lepidoptera Society of Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="19 - 59" title="A catalogue of the Geometridae of Corea." volume="1" year="1946">Inoue, 1946</bibRefCitation>
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, Bull. Lepid. Soc. Japan,1 (2): 37.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Sato, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="223 - 236" title="Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae; Ennominae) from Thailand 3." volume="47" year="1996">Sato, 1996</bibRefCitation>
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, Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan, 47 (4): 223-236.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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This species is different from other congeners by mimicking the pattern of distasteful or poisonous species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Abraxas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Abraxas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Abraxas</taxonomicName>
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Leach. The wings are white and scattered with pale grey markings, which are rarely present basally of the hindwing postmedial line; the base of the forewing is grey and has a large brown patch, accompanied by the yellowish brown antemedial line; the postmedial lines of both wings are yellow, narrow and protruding outwards between M1 and M3, and diffused with dark brown oval patches; the discal spots of both wings are large pale grey dots; the discal spots on the underside of the wings are dark brown centrally. The diagnostic characters of genitalia can be seen in the previous species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="71">Material examineds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="26" pageNumber="71">
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CHINA, Kwangtung [Guangdong] (ZFMK): Lienping, 1♂ (Syntype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culcula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Culcula</taxonomicName>
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panterinaria lienpingensis). Sichuan (ZFMK): Tien-Tsuen, 1901, coll. native collectors (chasseurs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="indigènes">indigenes</normalizedToken>
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de feu le P.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Déjean">Dejean</normalizedToken>
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), 1♂ (Syntype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Culcula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culcula panterinaria subsp. szechuanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="szechuanensis">Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis</taxonomicName>
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). Liaoning (IZCAS): Lingyuan, VI.1984, coll.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="72" start="start">Jin</pageBreakToken>
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Laiwu, 1♂; Beipiao, VI.1984, coll. Liu Jin, 1♂; Dongling, 2♂. Beijing (IZCAS): Xiangshan, 9.VIII.1936, 1♂; Sanpu, 23.VIII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♂; Fangshan, 26-29.VI.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 8♂1♀; Baihuashan, 30.VI.1972, 1♀; Pinggu, 9.VII.1975, 1♂; Jinshan, 17.VII.1988, 1♂; Jinshan, 6.VII.1990, 3♂; Huairou, 10.VII.1981, 1♂; Fengtai, 6.VII.1982, 1♂; Yingtaogou, 29.VI.1990, 1♀. Hebei (IZCAS): Zunhua, Dongling, 1♂. Shanxi (IZCAS): Taiyuan, 1♂. Shandong (IZCAS): Qufu, Shimensi, 17.VII.1980, 1♂. Henan (IZCAS): Linzhou, Shibanyan, 22.VII.2006, coll. Sun Hao, 1♂; Dengfeng, 8.VII.1981, 1♀; Baiyunshan, 1300 m, 13.VI.2001, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Baiyunshan, 1400 m, 26-28.VII.2003, coll. Zhang Dandan, 3♂; Baiyunshan, 1550m, 13-15.VIII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 1♂; Nanyang, Baotianman, 21.VI.2006, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Xinyang, Jigongshan, 250 m, 20-21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Dali, 10.VII.1981, 1♂; Ankang, 22.V.1981, 1♂; Changqing, Xihan, 9.V.1981, 1♂; Liuba, Miaotaizi, 1350m, 19-21.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian and Zhu Chaodong, 20♂5♀; Foping, 890-900 m, 26-27.VI.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂1♀. Ningxia (IZCAS):Jingyuan, Hongxia Linchang, 1998 m, 9.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 1♂. Gansu (IZCAS): Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2350 m, 5.VII.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng, 1♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♂; Kangxian, 1000-1400 m, 7-14.VII.1999, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al., 10♂1♀. Anhui (IZCAS): Jiuhuashan, VII.1981, 1♂. Zhejiang (IZCAS): Moganshan, 11-12.V.1936, coll. O. Piel, 1♂1♀;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lin’an">Lin'an</normalizedToken>
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, VI.1981, 1♂; Tianmushan, 20-31.VII.1972, coll. Liu Youqiao et al., 11♂3♀;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lin’an">Lin'an</normalizedToken>
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, West Tianmushan, 400 m, 26-30.VII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang and Xue Dayong, 18♂1♀; Hangzhou, 18.VII.1973, coll. Chen Ruijin, 1♂; Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6-10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang, 5♂; Taishun, Siqianzhen, 250-930 m, 31.VII.-4.VIII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun, 14♂. Hubei (IZCAS): Jingshan, 22.VII.1981, 1♂; Shennongjia, 950 m, 3-16.VII.1980, coll. Yu Peiyu, 8♂1♀; Shennongjia, 600-700 m, 17
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–20.VII.–">-20.VII.-</normalizedToken>
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7.VIII.1998, coll. Zhou Hongzhang et al., 11♂; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1310 m, 17.VI.1993, coll. Li Wenzhu, 2♂; Xingshan, Xiaohekou, 700 m, 11.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1♂; Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 800-860 m, 9.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
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23.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei and Yang Longlong, 19♂; Xianfeng, 800 m, 4.VI.1989, coll. Li Wei, 2♂; Hefeng, 1240 m, 28.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei, 1♂. Jiangxi (IZCAS): Fengxin, VIII.1980, 1♂; Yifeng, VIII.1979, 1♂; Jinggangshan, 2.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Jiulianshan, 27-31.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei, 7♂; Doushui, 7.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Lushan, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
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5.VII.1975, coll. Liu Youqiao, 1♂1♀; Dayu, 550 m, 15.VIII.1985, coll. Wang Ziqing, 1♂. Hunan (IZCAS):Yizhang, 27.VII.1981, 1♂; Yizhang, Mangshan, Senlin Gongyuan, 512-770 m, 13-15.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂; Yongshun, Shanmuhe Linchang, 500-600 m, 3-5.VIII.1998, coll. Chen Yixin et al., 8♂4♀; Guidong, Sidu, 714 m, 9-12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂; Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4-8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 2♂; Anhua, 22.V.1981, 1♂; Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 850 m, 29.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin, 2♂; Fenghuang, 16.IX.1988, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 10.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
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5.VI.1983, coll. Zhang Baolin et al., 13♂3♀; Mt. Wuyi, 500-700 m, 25-29.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao et al.,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="73" start="start">4</pageBreakToken>
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♂; Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 704 m, 11-14.VIII.2009, coll. Jiang Nan and Xue Dayong, 8♂; Ninghua, 9.VI.1980, 1♂; Sanming, 1.IX.1981, coll. Xiao Hu, 1♂; Jiangle, Longqishan, 200 m, 10.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Shaxian, 3.IX.1979, coll. Lin Naiquan, 1♂. Guangdong (IZCAS): Dinghushan, 16-19.VII.1979, coll. Li Mingjia, 1♂; Luyuan, Nanling, 1020 m, 16-20.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 3♂; Shixing, Chebaling, 365-401 m, 22-26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 15♂1♀. Hainan (IZCAS): Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 14-15.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 4♂; Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 5.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; Baisha, Hongkan, Shuiku, 553 m, 3-5.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji, 2♂; Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, coll. Mai Guoqing, 1♂; Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730-900 m, 3.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
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9.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 3♂; Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 982 m, 23.XI.2008, coll. Li Jing, 1♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920 m, 29-30.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 4♂. Guangxi (IZCAS): Longsheng, Hongtan, 900 m, 14.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang, 1♂;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mao’ershan">Mao'ershan</normalizedToken>
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, Jiuniutang, 1100-1150 m, 6-10.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai, 2♂; Jinxiu, 400-1100 m, 10-18.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., 69♂4♀. Sichuan (IZCAS):Guanxian, Dujiangyan, 700-1000 m, 4.VI.1979, coll. Shang Jinwen, 1♂; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 23.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
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16.VII.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing, 38♂; Jiangjin, Simianshan, 22-26.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Shuli, 2♂; Pengshui, Taiyuan, 750 m, 9.VII.1989, coll. Yang Longlong, 2♂; Wanxian, Wangerbao, 1200 m, 28.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 2♂. Guizhou (IZCAS): Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei, 12♂; Leishan, Leigongshan, 1200 m, 3.VII.1988, coll. Yuan Decheng, 1♀; Shiyun, Jinxing, 700 m, 24.VII.1988, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS):Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11-13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang and Xue Dayong, 2♂; Baoshan, Bawan, 1040 m, 8-10.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong, 1♂. Tibet (IZCAS):
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zayü">Zayue</normalizedToken>
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, Xia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zayü">Zayue</normalizedToken>
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, 1534 m, 26.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 1♂1♀;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mêdog">Medog</normalizedToken>
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, 871-2095 m, 10-23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 8♂3♀. A large series from many parts of China in coll. ZFMK.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="73">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="73">China (Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam, Thailand.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="28" pageNumber="73">
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For
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria</taxonomicName>
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six subspecies have been described:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
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(north China),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. abraxata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="abraxata">Biston panterinaria abraxata</taxonomicName>
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(Jiangxi, China),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. lienpingensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="lienpingensis">Biston panterinaria lienpingensis</taxonomicName>
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(Guangdong, China),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. szechuanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="szechuanensis">Biston panterinaria szechuanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sichuan, China),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. sychnospilas" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="sychnospilas">Biston panterinaria sychnospilas</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Prout, 1930) (Japan) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Moore, 1888) (India, Nepal, Vietnam and Thailand).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sato, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="223 - 236" title="Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae; Ennominae) from Thailand 3." volume="47" year="1996">Sato (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
believed that there are geographical variations among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam and Thailand. These variations can be found in the appearance and in the male genitalia. He also believed that the four Chinese subspecies exhibit intermediate conditions in colour and patches on wings between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. szechuanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="szechuanensis">Biston panterinaria szechuanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the systematic position of the Chinese populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
needs further study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sato, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="223 - 236" title="Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae; Ennominae) from Thailand 3." volume="47" year="1996">Sato 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the descriptions of
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="28" pageNumber="73">Wehrli (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, ssp. ab
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="74" start="start">raxata</pageBreakToken>
|
||
has distinct yellow postmedial lines accompanied by distinct dark brown patches as above, ssp. lienpingensis has the weak postmedial line accompanied with dark brown patches, ssp. szechuanensis has well developed grey markings. However, we consider these differences to be actually intraspecific individual variations. The yellow postmedial lines, the brown patches and the grey markings vary and are differently developed not only among the different populations, but often occur in the same region. For instance, the
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="75" start="start">yellow</pageBreakToken>
|
||
postmedial line varies from distinct and complete (ssp. abraxata) to incomplete (ssp. lienpingensis), and the variation occurred sympatrically in Jiangxi (Figs 60, 61). The material with well developted grey markings on the wings (ssp. szechuanensis) and the material without well developted grey markings on the wings (ssp. panterinaria) occurred sympatrically in Beijing (Figs 64, 65). What is more, the similar variation occurs in different localities. For example, the form with distinct and almost continuous yellow postmedial line (ssp. abraxata) occurs in Beijing (Fig. 65), besides Jiangxi (Fig. 60); the form similar to the subspecies lienpingensis occurs in Guangdong (Fig. 62), as well as in Zhejiang (Fig. 58) and Sichuan (Fig. 63); the form with well developed grey markings (ssp. szechuanensis) occurs in Beijing (Fig. 64), besides Sichuan (Fig. 59). In the male genitalia, the sinuous ventral margins of the valva vary from strongly to weakly among the material from different localities (Figs 90, 91, 92, 93), or even from the same region, such as Chebaling, Shixing of Guangdong (Figs 94, 95). Thus, we regard the variations as intraspecific individual variations, and treat
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. lienpingensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="lienpingensis">Biston panterinaria lienpingensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. szechuanensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="szechuanensis">Biston panterinaria szechuanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. abraxata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="abraxata">Biston panterinaria abraxata</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides, we find that the material collected from Yunnan and Tibet is identical with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
which was redescribed and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sato, R" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Lepidopterological Society of Japan" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="223 - 236" title="Records of the Boarmiini (Geometridae; Ennominae) from Thailand 3." volume="47" year="1996">Sato (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Hence, we classify the material from Yunnan and Tibet as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 66-69, 96, 116, 130)(and new to the fauna of China).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 82-88. Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 82
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston brevipennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennata">Biston brevipennata</taxonomicName>
|
||
83
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston quercii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercii">Biston quercii</taxonomicName>
|
||
84-88.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">Biston falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
84
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="falcata">Biston falcata falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amphidasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidasis erilda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erilda">Amphidasis erilda</taxonomicName>
|
||
) 85
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">Biston falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
falcata (Nyalam, Tibet) 86
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="falcata">Biston falcata falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mainling, Tibet) 87
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. satura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="satura">Biston falcata satura</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Zhouqu, Gansu) 88
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. satura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="satura">Biston falcata satura</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shalin, Gansu). Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 89-94. Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 89
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston thibetaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetaria">Biston thibetaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 90-94.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 90 From Sanpu, Beijing 91 From Dayu, Jiangxi 92 From Wuyanling, Taishun, Zhejiang 93 From Taiyuan, Pengshui, Sichuan 94 From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 95-104. Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 95
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong 96
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar = 1 mm. Aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 97
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston melacron" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melacron">Biston melacron</taxonomicName>
|
||
98
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
99
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston thoracicaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicaria">Biston thoracicaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
100
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. parva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="parva">Biston betularia parva</taxonomicName>
|
||
101
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. nepalensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="nepalensis">Biston betularia nepalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
102
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||
103
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston mediolata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediolata">Biston mediolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 104
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston contectaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contectaria">Biston contectaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 105-116. Aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 105
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston bengaliaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengaliaria">Biston bengaliaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
106
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
107
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
108
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Biston regalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
109
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston brevipennata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipennata">Biston brevipennata</taxonomicName>
|
||
110
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston quercii" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercii">Biston quercii</taxonomicName>
|
||
111
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="falcata">Biston falcata falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amphidasis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphidasis erilda" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erilda">Amphidasis erilda</taxonomicName>
|
||
) 112
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="falcata">Biston falcata falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
113
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata subsp. satura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="falcata" subSpecies="satura">Biston falcata satura</taxonomicName>
|
||
114
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston thibetaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetaria">Biston thibetaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
115
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
116
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 117-120. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
and enlarged view of signum. 117
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
|
||
118
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston thoracicaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicaria">Biston thoracicaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
119
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. parva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="parva">Biston betularia parva</taxonomicName>
|
||
120
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia subsp. nepalensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="betularia" subSpecies="nepalensis">Biston betularia nepalensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 121-124. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
and enlarged view of signum. 121
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston mediolata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediolata">Biston mediolata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 122
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston bengaliaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengaliaria">Biston bengaliaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
123
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
124
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Biston regalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 125-128. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
and enlarged view of signum. 125
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">Biston falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
falcata (Diqing, Yunnan) 126
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">Biston falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
falcata (Gyirong, Tibet) 127
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston falcata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">Biston falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
satura (Zhouqu, Gansu) 128
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston thibetaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetaria">Biston thibetaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figures 129-130. Female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||
and enlarged view of signum. 129
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. panterinaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="panterinaria">Biston panterinaria panterinaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
130
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston panterinaria subsp. exanthemata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="panterinaria" subSpecies="exanthemata">Biston panterinaria exanthemata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |