treatments-xml/data/DE/7D/0B/DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena &amp; Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1658253014331" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Dahlgren, Thomas G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Amon, Diva J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Drennan, Regan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Durden, Jennifer M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Eleaume, Marc P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Collections &amp; Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hosie, Andrew M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kremenetskaia, Antonina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>McQuaid, Kirsty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rabone, Muriel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Simon-Lledo, Erik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Craig R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Watling, Les</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wiklund, Helena</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1113-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE7D0BECD4C35592965DE11F0D130D35" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="DE7D0BEC-D4C3-5592-965D-E11F0D130D35" authority="Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019" authorityName="Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae" genus="Psychropotes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychropotes verrucicaudatus" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verrucicaudatus">Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="ON400703" collectingDate="2018-06-02" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="4999" latitude="6.9878" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-149.9119" specimenCount="1">
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; APEI 4;
<geoCoordinate degrees="6.9878" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="6.9878">6.9878°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="149.9119" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-149.9119">149.9119°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.999" unit="m" value="4999.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.999" unit="m" value="4999.0">4999 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep;
<collectingDate value="2018-06-02">02 Jun. 2018</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName>Smith</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Durden</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectorName>GenBank</collectorName>
:
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400703">ON400703</accessionNumber>
(COI); NHMUK 2021.19;
<collectorName>Voucher</collectorName>
code: CCZ_086
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Single specimen, colouration in situ is violet (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A, B</figureCitation>
). Body elongated and anteriorly depressed (L = 34.7 cm, W = 10.2 mm); with a broad brim. Short (approx. one twelfth of body length), conical, single-pointed, dorsal unpaired appendage, placed 2/5 of the body length from the posterior end (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42A-C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal skin, including the dorsal appendage, covered in warts (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42C, F</figureCitation>
). Each wart has an ossicle in the centre, a giant cross with a central apophysis and strongly curved arms, all visible through the skin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42E, F</figureCitation>
). Dorsal skin also contains smaller crosses with spiny arms (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ _ 086: A, B in situ images C dorsal view of specimen before preservation D ventral view E dorsal ossicles F detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall G mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (B); 2 cm (C, D); 100 μm (E). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A, B); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (C, D); Bribiesca-Contreras (E-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">42E, F</figureCitation>
). Approximately 30 pairs of mid-ventral tube feet arranged in two rows along the mid-ventral ambulacrum, arranged very close together on the anterior two thirds of the body, and scattered after posteriorly, with the last pairs being very close together again. Colouration of preserved specimen is also purple, with slightly lighter ventrum.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure42" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716368" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae " genus="Psychropotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychropotes verrucicaudatus" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verrucicaudatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychropotes verrucicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li, 2019. Specimen CCZ_086:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
in situ images
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
dorsal view of specimen before preservation
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
dorsal ossicles
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
detail of warts and ossicles on dorsal body wall
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
mouth tentacles. Scale bars: 5 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 2 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
); 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
); Bribiesca-Contreras (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
COI sequence is very similar (K2P distance = 0.77%) to the holotype of
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. verrucicaudatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucicaudatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. verrucicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and they were recovered together in the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Phylogenetic tree of the class Holothuroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP&gt; 0.70 and BS&gt; 50 are shown, with values of PP&gt; 0.95 and BS&gt; 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
). This species was described from the Jiaolong seamount, in the South China Sea, western Pacific Ocean at 3615 m deep (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2018.0041" author="Xiao, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="421 - 430" refId="B104" refString="Xiao, N, Gong, L, Kou, Q, Li, X, 2019. Psychropotes verrucicaudatus, a new species of deep-sea holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida: Psychropotidae) from a seamount in the South China Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science 95 (3): 421 - 430, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2018.0041" title="Psychropotes verrucicaudatus, a new species of deep-sea holothurian (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida: Psychropotidae) from a seamount in the South China Sea." url="https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2018.0041" volume="95" year="2019">Xiao et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). External morphological characters are in accordance with the original description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specimen was found on the sedimented abyssal plain in APEI 4 at 4999 m depth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
A very similar
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theel" authorityYear="1882" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae " genus="Psychropotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychropotes" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychropotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. morphotype (i.e.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xiao, Gong, Kou, Li" authorityYear="2019" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psychropotidae " genus="Psychropotes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psychropotes verrucicaudatus" order="Elasipodida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verrucicaudatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Psychropotes verrucicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. inc., HOL_045) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" author="Amon, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Reports" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Amon, DJ, Ziegler, AF, Kremenetskaia, A, Mah, CL, Mooi, R, O'Hara, T, Pawson, DL, Roux, M, Smith, CR, 2017b. Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 11794: e11794. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" title="Megafauna of the UKSRL exploration contract area and eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the Pacific Ocean: Echinodermata. Biodiversity Data Journal 11794: e 11794." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.5.e11794" year="2017 b">Amon et al. 2017b</bibRefCitation>
), but not in the abyssal areas surveyed within the Kiribati EEZ.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>