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<document id="F3A9ECABF23C4ADEBD4A26AAB74607F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="5602" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0da9034-33f3-4508-aae5-c5dbeb2ee4c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915173" ID-ZooBank="D64A7C50-26ED-4D39-B376-2200CCCB138E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623198611048" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="03DA9D6FFF97FFF392EBD0A0FC98F9AF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03796p319.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3796 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascalaphus Fabricius 1775" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="293" masterDocId="FFE3E517FF92FFF5927CD037FFC1FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="319" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="292" updateTime="1699006410788" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8D4CD00D815F11733B390D2F5B8CD5A7">The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC234C14D15354CC4C419D96FFF54CA7">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C330ACF1DE42258C0DA2C83E11215213">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DA9D6FFF97FFF392EBD0A0FC98F9AF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403928" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF97FFF392EBD0A0FC98F9AF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA9D6FFF97FFF392EBD0A0FC98F9AF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF97FFF092EBD0A0FE2AFF7B" box="[151,491,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF97FFF092EBD0A0FE2AFF7B" blockId="5.[151,491,151,178]" box="[151,491,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
<heading id="D0849B15FF97FFF092EBD0A0FE2AFF7B" bold="true" box="[151,491,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF092EBD0A0FE2AFF7B" ID-CoL="33M3" ID-ENA="146495" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[151,491,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF092EBD0A0FE2AFF7B" bold="true" box="[151,491,151,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF092EBD0A0FEE2FF78" bold="true" box="[151,291,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Ascalaphus</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1775
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF97FFF392EBD0E9FD09FA47" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF97FFF092EBD0E9FE52FD96" blockId="5.[151,1437,222,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF092EBD0E9FED0FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,273,222,247]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dorsal side of the head capsule with a deep posterior incision, reaching the middle of the head; antennae thin, longer than the ocular tubercles; ocular tubercles large, wider than long; mandibles equipped with three teeth, the median tooth is the largest and closer to the apical tooth than to the basal tooth; mandibles with interdental pseudo-teeth; labial palpi four-articulated, segments 24 thin, slightly longer than the basal width of the mandible, last segment swollen; thoracic scolus-like processes cylindrical; mesothorax with two sub-equal pairs of processes; metathorax with a small anterior pair of scolus-like processes followed by a larger posterior pair; first pair of abdominal spiracles placed dorsally; abdomen with eight pairs of dorsal scolus-like processes, ventral series composed by two pairs of scolus-like processes on the first two anterior segments and six pairs of short tuberclelike processes on the following segments; VIII sternite with short odontoid processes bearing dolichasters; IX sternite with two short rastra each bearing three digging setae (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF97FFF091F5D215FC28FDF2" box="[905,1001,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,688,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-236@5.[204,1382,673,1817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. VIII and IX abdominal sternites of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides macaronius. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915181/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
); body covered by black, bristle-like dolichasters (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF97FFF09350D271FE47FD96" box="[300,390,582,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,201,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-247@6.[184,1403,193,1276]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chaetotaxy of the VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides longicornis. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915185/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0C7CF1FF97FFF092EBD77DFB27F8B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915181/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" startId="5.[151,249,1866,1888]" targetBox="[214,1374,688,1811]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF97FFF092EBD77DFB27F8B7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1863,1919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF092EBD77DFED9F896" bold="true" box="[151,280,1866,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
VIII and IX abdominal sternites of 3
<superScript id="7C068131FF97FFF090C0D770FD06F89D" attach="left" box="[700,711,1863,1876]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">rd</superScript>
instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF09106D77DFBC7F8A9" box="[890,1030,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF09646D77DFAC9F8A9" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1082,1288,1866,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF09646D77DFAC9F8A9" box="[1082,1288,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Ascalaphus festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF09743D77DFED1F8B6" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Bubopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrionoides">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF09743D77DFED1F8B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Bubopsis agrionoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF09347D75DFE1BF8B6" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[315,474,1897,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Puer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF09347D75DFE1BF8B6" box="[315,474,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Puer maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF0907AD75EFCD4F8B6" box="[518,789,1897,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Deleproctophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF0907AD75EFCD4F8B6" box="[518,789,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Deleproctophylla australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF97FFF09143D75EFBEDF8B6" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[831,1068,1897,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macaronius">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF97FFF09143D75EFBEDF8B6" box="[831,1068,1897,1919]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="292">Libelloides macaronius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0C7CF1FF94FFF392EBD523FB37FA81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915185/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" startId="6.[151,249,1300,1322]" targetBox="[194,1362,201,1269]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392EBD523FB37FA81" blockId="6.[151,1436,1297,1352]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF392EBD523FED3FAE0" bold="true" box="[151,274,1300,1322]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Chaetotaxy of the VIII abdominal sternite of 3
<superScript id="7C068131FF94FFF3908ED526FD3CFAD7" attach="left" box="[754,765,1297,1310]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">rd</superScript>
instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF391E4D523FBE5FAE3" box="[920,1060,1300,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ascalaphidae</taxonomicName>
. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39630D523FAD5FAE3" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1100,1300,1300,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39630D523FAD5FAE3" box="[1100,1300,1300,1322]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Ascalaphus festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39743D523FED1FA81" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Bubopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrionoides">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39743D523FED1FA81" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Bubopsis agrionoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39347D504FE1BFA81" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1790" box="[315,474,1330,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Puer" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39347D504FE1BFA81" box="[315,474,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Puer maculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF3907AD505FCD4FA81" box="[518,789,1330,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Deleproctophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF3907AD505FCD4FA81" box="[518,789,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Deleproctophylla australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E,
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39143D505FBE8FA81" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" box="[831,1065,1330,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39143D505FBE8FA81" box="[831,1065,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Libelloides longicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar: 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392BBD542FD09FA47" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,1638]" box="[199,712,1397,1422]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF392BBD542FE60FA47" bold="true" box="[199,417,1397,1422]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" reason="1">Examined species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF393DBD541FD04FA47" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[423,709,1397,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF393DBD541FDDBFA47" box="[423,538,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">A. festivus</emphasis>
Rambur, 1842
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF94FFF392BBD5AEFC98F9AF" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392BBD5AEFC98F9AF" blockId="6.[151,1436,1397,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF392BBD5AEFE8EFA7B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1433,1458]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" reason="1">Comments.</emphasis>
The complex taxonomy of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39171D5AEFC4FFA7B" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[781,910,1433,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39171D5AEFC4FFA7B" box="[781,910,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Ascalaphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unsolved and the correct placement of the
<collectingRegion id="49B7E29BFF94FFF392EBD58AFF32FA1F" box="[151,243,1469,1494]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Oriental</collectingRegion>
species remains uncertain. In the present sense
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF39164D58AFC58FA1F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[792,921,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39164D58AFC58FA1F" box="[792,921,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Ascalaphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises over twenty species distributed in the Afrotropical, Western Palaearctic and
<collectingRegion id="49B7E29BFF94FFF39013D5D6FD0AFA33" box="[623,715,1505,1530]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Oriental</collectingRegion>
regions.
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF3914FD5D5FC66FA33" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[819,935,1505,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF3914FD5D5FC66FA33" box="[819,935,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">A. festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recently reported for the European fauna (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF94FFF3929BD632FE2EF9D7" author="Pantaleoni, R. A. &amp; Badano, D. &amp; Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H." box="[231,495,1541,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" pagination="179 - 182" refId="ref17101" refString="Pantaleoni, R. A., Badano, D., Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H. (2013) Ascalaphus festivus (Rambur, 1842) in Sardinia, a new genus of Ascalaphidae for Europe. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (1), 179 - 182." type="journal article" year="2013">
Pantaleoni
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF39317D631FE66F9D7" box="[363,423,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The larvae of this genus are described here for the first time because the only existing account refers to an Indian species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF94FFF390DCD61EFCEEF98B" author="Ghosh, C. C." box="[672,815,1577,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" pagination="643 - 648" refId="ref16280" refString="Ghosh, C. C. (1913) Life-history of Helicomitus dicax, Walk. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 22, 643 - 648." type="journal article" year="1913">Ghosh 1913</bibRefCitation>
) which probably does not belong to this taxon (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF94FFF3971AD61EFF15F9AF" author="New, T. R." pageId="6" pageNumber="293" refId="ref16849" refString="New, T. R. (2003) The Neuroptera of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana. Brill, Leiden, Netherlands, 204 pp." type="book" year="2003">New 2003</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF94FFF3929AD67AFE46F9AF" author="Michel, B." box="[230,391,1613,1638]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" pagination="401 - 408" refId="ref16726" refString="Michel, B. (2001) Sur la ponte et l'eclosion des Ascalaphes afrotropicaux (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 106, 401 - 408." type="journal article" year="2001">Michel (2001)</bibRefCitation>
described the eggs of an African species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>