180 lines
22 KiB
XML
180 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="38877378161D1DE07B09B6731DE3BB03" ID-CLB-Dataset="5602" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0da9034-33f3-4508-aae5-c5dbeb2ee4c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915173" ID-ZooBank="D64A7C50-26ED-4D39-B376-2200CCCB138E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623198611048" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide & Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="03DA9D6FFF83FFE492EBD0A0FBA3FB3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03796p319.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3796 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Libelloides Schaffer 1763" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="304" masterDocId="FFE3E517FF92FFF5927CD037FFC1FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="319" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="304" updateTime="1699006410788" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="02E2E688EA6009F1A7E6BE7FC940C84B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0649A73BD4050C0053F36BC1FFD7CF4E">
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<mods:title id="8C488951E041F38CEC9AEDC34B8803C8">The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DD8F5DBEF34867BB4A0D8BD997663DD7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="51866F054436E1348A6FAF60A8EEE6F8">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9344B59FC9A0B59F8E781C1DDD45956D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="105A713710C0F544AD058073B0D3D884">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="156E458AB06ED984568DD56CD8706075">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="65CB16EB46BB2D5042074946CE23AC4A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="78E73D2266316FF638995E28A4AF95E2">
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<mods:date id="EC4E30AC3F0F54FF88874DECDCCECAF0">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A3E0DDC708407A122A2635DB4425CC7">2014-05-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AC3B9995491CF2CC58A44C60B8CF9EEB">3796</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3D391E2253A07E05DE83B5E7BDADA4ED" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA9D6FFF83FFE492EBD0A0FBA3FB3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915217" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915217" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF83FFE492EBD0A0FBA3FB3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA9D6FFF83FFE492EBD0A0FBA3FB3D" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF83FFE492EBD0A0FE12FF7B" box="[151,467,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF83FFE492EBD0A0FE12FF7B" blockId="17.[151,467,151,178]" box="[151,467,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<heading id="D0849B15FF83FFE492EBD0A0FE12FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,467,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE492EBD0A0FE12FF7B" ID-CoL="62WRQ" ID-ENA="560903" authority="Schaffer, 1763" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1763" box="[151,467,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492EBD0A0FE12FF7B" bold="true" box="[151,467,151,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492EBD0A0FEDAFF78" bold="true" box="[151,283,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Libelloides</emphasis>
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Schäffer, 1763
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF83FFE492EBD0E0FE75FD77" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF83FFE492EBD0E0FD4CFD9A" blockId="17.[151,1437,215,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492EBD0E0FED0FF39" bold="true" box="[151,273,215,240]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Head capsule dilated posteriorly, dorsal side with a pronounced posterior depression; antennae thin, longer than the ocular tubercles; ocular tubercles cylindrical; mandibles armed with three teeth, the median tooth is the largest and closer to the apical tooth than to basal tooth; mandibles equipped with interdental pseudo-teeth; labial palpi four-articulated, segments 2-4 thin, longer than the basal width of the mandible; mesothorax bearing two sub-equal pairs of cylindrical scolus-like processes; metathorax provided with a large anterior pair of scoluslike processes followed by a posterior pair half the size of the previous ones; first pair of abdominal spiracles placed on the lateral sides; abdomen with eight pairs of dorsal cylindrical scolus-like processes, ventral series formed by two pairs of scolus-like processes on the first two anterior segments and very short tubercle-like processes on the following six segments; VIII sternite with short odontoid processes bearing dolichasters; IX sternite with two short rastra each bearing four digging setae (
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<figureCitation id="134830FCFF83FFE4913AD220FC68FDF9" box="[838,937,535,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[260,1345,203,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-58@2.[232,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Taxonomic characters of Ascalaphidae larvae. A, Deleproctophylla australis dorsal and ventral view; B, head of Ascalaphus festivus; C, head of Puer maculatus; D, VIII and IX sternites of Libelloides siculus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915175/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134830FCFF83FFE491C9D220FC19FDF9" box="[949,984,535,560]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,688,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-236@5.[204,1382,673,1817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. VIII and IX abdominal sternites of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides macaronius. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915181/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">2E</figureCitation>
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); body covered with short goblet-shaped dolichasters and stick-shaped ones (
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<figureCitation id="134830FCFF83FFE49055D20DFD41FD9A" box="[553,640,570,595]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,201,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-247@6.[184,1403,193,1276]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chaetotaxy of the VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides longicornis. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915185/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF83FFE492BBD269FE75FD77" blockId="17.[151,1437,215,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492BBD269FE65FDBE" bold="true" box="[199,420,606,631]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="1">Examined species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE493D2D268FC65FDBE" authority="(Denis et Schiffermuller, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Denis et Schiffermuller" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[430,932,606,631]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccajus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE493D2D268FDF1FDBF" box="[430,560,607,630]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. coccajus</emphasis>
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(Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE491CFD268FB2CFDBE" authority="(Lefebvre, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Lefebvre" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[947,1261,606,631]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latinus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE491CFD268FBDEFDBE" box="[947,1055,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. latinus</emphasis>
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(Lefèbvre, 1842)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49680D268FE9BFD53" authority="(Linnaeus, 1764)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1764" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49680D268FA5AFDBE" box="[1276,1435,606,631]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. longicornis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1764)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE4931BD2B5FD02FD53" authority="(Scopoli, 1763)" baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[359,707,641,666]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macaronius">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE4931BD2B5FDC8FD50" box="[359,521,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. macaronius</emphasis>
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(Scopoli, 1763)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE490ACD2B5FBF6FD53" authority="(Charpentier, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[720,1079,641,666]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE490ACD2B5FC8EFD50" box="[720,847,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. ictericus</emphasis>
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(Charpentier, 1825)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49639D2B5FAB9FD53" authority="(Angelini, 1827)" baseAuthorityName="Angelini" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1093,1400,641,666]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siculus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49639D2B5FB73FD53" box="[1093,1202,641,666]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. siculus</emphasis>
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(Angelini, 1827)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE497F9D2B5FE71FD77" authority="(Rambur, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corsicus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE497F9D2B5FF35FD74" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. corsicus</emphasis>
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(Rambur, 1842)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF83FFE492BBD2FFFBA3FB3D" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF83FFE492BBD2FFFEEDFB8D" blockId="17.[151,1437,215,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492BBD2FFFE8EFD28" bold="true" box="[199,335,712,737]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="1">Comments.</emphasis>
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE493A0D2FFFD99FD28" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1763" box="[476,600,712,737]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE493A0D2FFFD99FD28" box="[476,600,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Libelloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a characteristic faunal element of the Palaearctic region. Despite the status of some taxa needs to be evaluated,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49009D2DBFD30FCCC" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1763" box="[629,753,748,773]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49009D2DBFD30FCCC" box="[629,753,748,773]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Libelloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes at least 19 species of which about 12 are present in Europe, mainly in the western Mediterranean area (H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE49082D338FC17FCE1" author="Aspock, H. & Holzel, H. & Aspock, U." box="[766,982,783,808]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 606" refId="ref15410" refString="Aspock, H., Holzel, H. & Aspock, U. (2001) Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaarktis. Denisia, 2, 1 - 606." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Aspöck
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49126D327FC52FCE1" box="[858,915,783,808]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
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2001
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</bibRefCitation>
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). The larval morphology and ecology of this genus are poorly known: the first accurate study on this subject was realized by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE4963BD304FB24FC85" author="Brauer, F." box="[1095,1253,819,844]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="463 - 472" refId="ref15963" refString="Brauer, F. (1854) Beitrage zur Kenntniss des inneren Baues und der Verwandlung der Neuropteren. Verhandlungen des Zoologisch-Botanischen Vereins in Wien, 4, 463 - 472." type="journal article" year="1854">Brauer (1854)</bibRefCitation>
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while the genus characters of the larvae were defined by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE49022D360FD3CFCA6" author="Hagen, H. A." box="[606,765,854,879]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="33 - 62" refId="ref16310" refString="Hagen, H. A. (1873) Die Larven von Ascalaphus. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 34, 33 - 62." type="journal article" year="1873">Hagen (1873)</bibRefCitation>
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. Notably only two recent comparative works on this subject exist (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE492A3D34EFE41FC5B" author="Rousset, A." box="[223,384,889,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="164 - 178" refId="ref17391" refString="Rousset, A. (1973) Morphologie externe et caracteres distinctifs des larves de trois especes d'Ascalaphes [Nevropteres, Planipennes]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 78, 164 - 178." type="journal article" year="1973">Rousset 1973</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE493ECD34EFD7DFC5B" author="Pieper, H. & Willmann, R." box="[400,700,889,914]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref17155" refString="Pieper, H. & Willmann, R. (1980) Die Larven griechischer Ascalaphiden-Arten (Ins., Planipennia). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 337, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1980">Pieper & Willmann 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). The larvae of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49102D34DFADBFC5B" authority="(Selys-Longchamps, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Selys-Longchamps" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[894,1306,889,914]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cunii">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49102D34DFC19FC58" box="[894,984,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. cunii</emphasis>
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(Selys-Longchamps, 1840)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49756D34DFEF4FC7F" authority="(Brulle, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49756D34DFA5AFC5B" box="[1322,1435,889,914]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. lacteus</emphasis>
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(Brullé, 1832)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49317D3A9FD28FC7F" authority="(Schneider, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[363,745,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhomboideus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49317D3A9FDDBFC7F" box="[363,538,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. rhomboideus</emphasis>
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(Schneider, 1845)
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</taxonomicName>
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are actually known (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE491AFD3AAFB77FC7F" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[979,1206,925,950]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref17602" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909) Ascalaphiden monographisch bearbeitet. In: Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 1908 8, 1 - 326. [date of distr.: 5. I. 1909 cf. Cowley, J. (1937) The dates of distribution of the fascicles of the " Catalogue des collections de Selys Longchamps. Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 1, 31 - 32.]" type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele 1909</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE496BDD3AAFA88FC7F" author="Navas, L." box="[1217,1353,925,950]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="373 - 398" refId="ref16811" refString="Navas, L. (1915) Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos (IV serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11 (3), 373 - 398." type="journal article" year="1915">Navás 1915</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE49729D3AAFEABFC10" author="Pieper, H. & Willmann, R." pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref17155" refString="Pieper, H. & Willmann, R. (1980) Die Larven griechischer Ascalaphiden-Arten (Ins., Planipennia). Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde, 337, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1980">Pieper & Willmann 1980</bibRefCitation>
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) but their descriptions are excessively concise or referring to not diagnostic instars, for this reason adequate comparisons are not normally possible with the exception of
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE4967FD3D2FBB1FC34" baseAuthorityName="Brulle" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1027,1136,996,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteus">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE4967FD3D2FBB1FC34" box="[1027,1136,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. lacteus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, tentatively inserted in the key. Furthermore,
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF83FFE4931BD430FE3EFBE9" author="Navas, L." box="[359,511,1031,1056]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" pagination="373 - 398" refId="ref16811" refString="Navas, L. (1915) Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos (IV serie). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 11 (3), 373 - 398." type="journal article" year="1915">Navás (1915)</bibRefCitation>
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described a larva as
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<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE49092D43EFB80FBE9" authority="(Rambur, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Rambur" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[750,1089,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
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|
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE49092D43EFC45FBE9" box="[750,900,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">L. hispanicus</emphasis>
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|
(Rambur, 1842)
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|
</taxonomicName>
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, but this identification appears questionable.
|
|
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF83FFE492BBD479FBA3FB3D" blockId="17.[151,1437,215,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">
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<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE492BBD479FEFAFBAE" bold="true" box="[199,315,1102,1127]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
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|
The larvae of the different species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF83FFE4909AD479FCA2FBAE" authorityName="Schaffer" authorityYear="1763" box="[742,867,1102,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF83FFE4909AD479FCA2FBAE" box="[742,867,1102,1127]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="304">Libelloides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
show a noticeable overlapping in the macroscopic characters normally used for identification purposes, such as: chaetotaxy, morphometry and the general pigmentation pattern. The relative difficulty to find the larvae in the field and their camouflaging behaviour make these light differences even more unsuitable. In particular, their camouflage is so effective that the different species are not recognizable if not artificially cleaned making visible the pigmentation pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |