342 lines
45 KiB
XML
342 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="EAA0837908171997A721ED23E1D5D2EB" ID-CLB-Dataset="292021" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2015.73.03" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbbb66fa-70e3-4152-95e8-4df39f9a2f48" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10886644" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1708006426720" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Watson, Jeanette E." docDate="2015" docId="03DA87E65C406A51F6F329F7FD85D93F" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.73.19-26.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 73" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.2:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Pennaria wilsoni" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="FFE3FF9E5C456A56F6602B4CFFDBDD3B" masterDocTitle="Five athecate hydroids (hydrozoa: anthoathecata) from south-eastern australia" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1711543947012" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="784022DFCC17EB168A145AD6B530C0DE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8827545BEE9AE79BD1D64E820FD52227">
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<mods:title id="B1A1C92F766A0E2616EE8D6292AD49A6">Five athecate hydroids (hydrozoa: anthoathecata) from south-eastern australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E934019ED3A2E426279A5BD329DCB4B2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="ECF261F13E82F9C665C5610CC3F08A78">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5944073FB684049226A04A81285D4560">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DA935C8CD8602D001D6F6E0D8E391299">Watson, Jeanette E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C903805181964BCBB62A5650E460149">Honorary Research Associate, Marine Biology, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3C02B76ACA48BCD4168AC0678DBB102C" type="email">hydroid@bigpond.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2C5429E4CE26BC1A5A36373E4966857F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5F7E08AECB86709ECED07B99F3847FD0">Memoirs of Museum Victoria</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="17C6037E620F5B16C49B0458E8E25A3A">
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<mods:date id="5022336D495B2699B413596F85693A28">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2EFFCB7EF30B35FE2327DD479A172E2C" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="C1B50064A62D28A18EFDCB88811EB2A3">2015-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="98FED65CE3A1A52AE94580A55CB351B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="83281B4F6A1E4FEF5716F3ABD01DC5C4">73</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CC66F2BA757A55DF35C0BE3552E07F4B">19</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="17C7437066DC0C5B7FB02C571290E7CD">26</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B9D9DC20F6F5950AC8A30D6786ADE209">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F8F6AEB0A4838231216592A7744690CB" type="DOI">10.24199/j.mmv.2015.73.03</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DA87E65C406A51F6F329F7FD85D93F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10886670" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10886670" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87E65C406A51F6F329F7FD85D93F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87E65C406A51F6F329F7FD85D93F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C369657B5C406A53F6F329F7FE1CDFEA" box="[147,455,698,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6F329F7FE1CDFEA" blockId="5.[147,455,698,721]" box="[147,455,698,721]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D084819C5C406A53F6F329F7FE1CDFEA" box="[147,455,698,721]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C406A53F6F329F7FE1CDFEA" ID-CoL="76JLH" authority="(Bale, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[147,455,698,721]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
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||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6F329F7FE9CDFEB" bold="true" box="[147,327,698,720]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
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(Bale, 1913)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C369657B5C406A53F6F329A4FEE8DFC5" box="[147,307,744,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6F329A4FEE8DFC5" blockId="5.[147,307,744,766]" box="[147,307,744,766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="13482A755C406A53F6F329A4FF2FDFC5" box="[147,244,744,766]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="6.[140,200,835,854]" captionTargetBox="[140,771,227,818]" captionTargetId="figure-451@6.[140,771,227,818]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 5. Pennaria wilsoni. In situ photograph of colony, Port Phillip Heads, depth 10 m, showing bushy growth habit (photograph by author). Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10886656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10886656/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13482A755C406A53F69E29A4FED2DFC5" box="[254,265,744,766]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="6.[809,867,1035,1054]" captionTargetBox="[820,1431,231,1010]" captionTargetId="figure-479@6.[809,1440,227,1018]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 6A-J. Pennaria wilsoni. A, branch with extended hydranths; B, basal annulations of branch; C, capitate tentacles surrounding hypostome; D, developing female gonophore; E newly released released eumedusa with scattered nematocysts; F−H, stenoteles from oral and aboral tentacles; I, desmoneme from hypostome; J, microbasic mastigophore from aboral tentacles. Scale bar: A, 5 mm, B, D, E, 0.5, mm, C, 0.25 mm, F−J, 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10886658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10886658/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">6</figureCitation>
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A−J
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C369657B5C406A53F6D92859FEF5DEF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6D92859FE7FDE78" blockId="5.[147,779,789,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311DE5C406A53F6D92859FE7FDE78" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C406A53F6D92859FE36DE13" ID-CoL="76JLH" authority="Bale, 1913: 116" authorityName="Bale" authorityPageNumber="116" authorityYear="1913" box="[185,493,789,808]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
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<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6D92859FE83DE13" box="[185,344,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
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Bale, 1913: 116
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</taxonomicName>
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.−
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E15C406A53F4632859FD13DE13" author="Blackburn, M." box="[515,712,789,808]" page="176" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F4632859FD13DE13" author="Blackburn, M." box="[515,712,789,808]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="170 - 181" refId="ref5809" refString="Blackburn, M. 1937. Notes on Australian Hydrozoa, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 50: 170 - 181." type="journal article" year="1937">Blackburn, 1937: 176</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 8, 9.−
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E15C406A53F6D5287CFE86DE78" author="Hirohito & Showa Emperor of Japan" box="[181,349,816,835]" page="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F6D5287CFE86DE78" author="Hirohito & Showa Emperor of Japan" box="[181,349,816,835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref6068" refString="Hirohito, Showa Emperor of Japan, 1988. The hydroids of Sagami Bay (Part 1. Athecata). Publications of the Biological Laboratory of the Imperial Household, Tokyo 1 - 79." type="book chapter" year="1988">Hirohito, 1988: 30</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 9e.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6D92800FD91DE40" blockId="5.[147,779,789,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311DE5C406A53F6D92800FD91DE40" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E15C406A53F6D92800FDD6DE64" author="Bale, W. M." box="[185,525,844,863]" page="94" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" year="1894">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C406A53F6D92800FDD6DE64" ID-CoL="5P8TV" authority="Bale, 1894: 94" authorityName="Bale" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1894" box="[185,525,844,863]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Halocordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
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<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6D92800FE58DE64" box="[185,387,844,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Halocordyle australis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F7E82800FDD6DE64" author="Bale, W. M." box="[392,525,844,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref5772" refString="Bale, W. M. 1894. Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, new series 6: 93 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1894">Bale, 1894: 94</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.−
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E15C406A53F4442800FD31DE64" author="Pennycuik, P. R." box="[548,746,844,863]" page="160" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" year="1959">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F4442800FD31DE64" author="Pennycuik, P. R." box="[548,746,844,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="141 - 210" refId="ref6322" refString="Pennycuik, P. R. 1959. Faunistic records from Queensland. Part V. Marine and brackish water hydroids. Papers of the Department of Zoology, University of Queensland 1: 141 - 210." type="journal article" year="1959">Pennycuik, 1959: 160</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 1, fig. 8.−
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210E15C406A53F68E2824FE5DDE40" author="Watson, J. E." box="[238,390,872,891]" page="88" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F68E2824FE5DDE40" author="Watson, J. E." box="[238,390,872,891]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="79 - 115" refId="ref6627" refString="Watson, J. E. 1982. Hydroids (Class Hydrozoa). Pp. 79 - 115 in: Shepherd S. A., and Thomas, I. M. (eds), Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia. Part I. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Handbooks Committee, South Australian Government, Adelaide." type="book chapter" year="1982">Watson 1982: 88</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig.
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||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C406A53F7D2282BFE3BDE40" box="[434,480,871,891]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" unit="g" value="4.6">4.6 g</quantity>
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||
, h, pl. 10.2.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6D928CFFEF5DEF6" blockId="5.[147,779,789,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
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||
(?)
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C406A53F6B128C8FD6DDEAD" ID-CoL="76JLH" authority="Gibbons and Ryland, 1989: 388" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityPageNumber="388" authorityYear="1989" box="[209,694,899,918]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
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<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6B128C8FEAFDEAD" box="[209,372,899,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F7E028CFFD6DDEAD" author="Gibbons, M. J. & Ryland, J. S." box="[384,694,899,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="377 - 432" refId="ref5958" refString="Gibbons, M. J., and Ryland, J. S. 1989. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27 (2): 377 - 432." type="journal article" year="1989">Gibbons and Ryland, 1989: 388</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 6.−
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F6F328D3FE3ADE89" author="Kirkendale, L. & Calder, D. R." box="[147,481,927,946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref6104" refString="Kirkendale, L., and Calder, D. R. 2003. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesia 35 - 36: 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirkendale and Calder, 2003: 166</bibRefCitation>
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.−
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F79D28D3FD20DE89" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J-M. & Boero F." box="[509,763,927,946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref5840" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M., and Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
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Bouillon
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<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F43828D3FD56DE89" box="[600,653,927,946]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2006: 247
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.−
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C406A53F6F328F6FEF1DEF6" author="Calder, D. R." box="[147,298,954,974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref5883" refString="Calder, D. R. 2010. Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago. Zootaxa 2590: 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2010">Calder, 2010: 65</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369657B5C406A53F6F328A9FEC9D970" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6F328A9FEC9D970" blockId="5.[147,777,997,1099]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6F328A9FE89DEC3" box="[147,338,997,1016]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1B3CAD5C406A53F73628AAFED5D970" collectingDate="2013-08-26" collectionCode="NMV" collectorName="J. Watson & Material" elevation="8" location="Popes Eye" municipality="southern Port Phillip" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" specimenCode="F202880" specimenCount="1">
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||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE355C406A53F73628AAFE56DEC2" box="[342,397,998,1017]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD59E8B5C406A53F7F228A9FE31DEC3" box="[402,490,997,1016]" collectionCode="NMV" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="Museum">F202880</specimenCode>
|
||
,
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||
<location id="8EAC602B5C406A53F79228AAFD88DEC2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87E65C406A51F6F329F7FD85D93F:8EAC602B5C406A53F79228AAFD88DEC2" box="[498,595,998,1017]" municipality="southern Port Phillip" name="Popes Eye" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Popes Eye</location>
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||
reef,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8AC8A5C406A53F4E928A9FF0DD92F" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">southern Port Phillip</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, on rubble, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C406A53F71E2F4DFE78D92F" box="[382,419,1025,1044]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="8.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005ED1C35C406A53F71E2F4DFE78D92F" box="[382,419,1025,1044]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, coll:
|
||
<collectorName id="268653265C406A53F7BC2F4DFDE2D92F" box="[476,569,1025,1044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">J. Watson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCD10305C406A53F4222F4DFD6BD92F" box="[578,688,1025,1044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" value="2013-08-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF89E9D85C406A53F4222F4DFD6BD92F" box="[578,688,1025,1044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" value="2013-08-26">26/08/2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="268653265C406A53F4D82F4DFCD2D92F" box="[696,777,1025,1044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Material</collectorName>
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||
examined alive, later fixed in 4% formalin, then transferred to 70% ethanol
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369657B5C406A50F6F42F28FEA7D82A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6F42F28FD53D9EF" blockId="5.[146,779,1124,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C406A53F6F42F28FE3CD942" box="[148,487,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Description (from live material).</emphasis>
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||
Mature colonies comprising one to many branched stems to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C406A53F78D2FCEFDEBD9AC" box="[493,560,1154,1175]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||
long arising from a ramified hydrorhiza, stolons tubular, almost smooth in young colonies to rugose and gnarled in older colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6D92F91FD9ED8DE" blockId="5.[146,779,1124,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Stems erect, monosiphonic, flexuous, cylindrical, perisarc smooth and shining, straight to weakly sympodial, a slight change of direction at origin of each primary branch; branches widely separated along stem in indefinite whorls of three, directed upwards at 30−40º to stem. Stem widest at base, narrowing slightly distally, ringed above base with up to 50 deep annulations and with up to 20 deep annulations above origin of older branches; sometimes groups of annulations along stem not associated with branching.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F6D92EA1FDE1DA54" blockId="5.[146,779,1124,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Hydranth pedicels variable in length (depending on age of colony), widely separated, given off more or less triserially, up to 15 on weakly annulated pedicels, sometimes with a smooth mid-section, branch always with a terminal hydranth. Hydranth long, cylindrical to spindle-shaped, hypostome flattened dome-shaped. Four to five, rarely six short capitate oral tentacles clustered around hypostome, tentacles transversely segmented, each segment with a small central reddish spot, capitala with batteries of nematocysts. Aboral tentacles long, slender, semicapitate, in one whorl of 7-8, arched in life, a thick fringe of nematocysts along the outer side of tentacle, inner side transversely segmented with large transparent cells with reddish inclusions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372894FA97D944" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Gonophore eumedusoid, ovoid to oblong, one to four in various stages of development on short peduncles just above aboral tentacles. At release umbrella thick, evenly covered in nematocysts, radial canals straight, gonads large, brown, tentacles reduced to knobs, velum closed, female with large ova. Medusa pulsates feebly before and after release.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372FCAFA59D9C8" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Perisarc of stem and branches thick, shining brown, hydranth pedicels paler brown; hydranth and tentacles translucent white, stomach brown to red. Medusa colourless, manubrium red, radial canals reddish before release, becoming brown after release.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372FB6FAB3D872" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">Cnidome comprising four categories of nematocysts; stenoteles present in a wide range of shapes, sizes and abundances, even between hydranths on the same stem.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372E1CFB92D8CC" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">(i) stenoteles, capsule large, elongate ovoid, 51−56 x 27−31 µm, shaft 50 µm long, cylindrical, head 15 µm long with 2−4 long basal spines, distal part of head with many small bristles, spinous thread at least 30 µm long, in capitate tentacles and at base of medusa; easily discharged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372EB2FA72DBB3" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">(ii) stenoteles, similar to but smaller than stenotele (i), capsule elongate ovoid 44−45 x 20−22 µm, shaft cylindrical, 40 µm long, base of head with 2−4 long spines, head distally with bristles, thread with many small spines; in capitate tentacles, easily discharged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372DC2FB74DBE5" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">(iii) stenoteles, capsule ovoid, 19−20 x 14 µm, shaft stout, 19 µm long, head with several spines; in oral tentacles; easily discharged.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372DA9FC21DA0E" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">(iv) stenoteles, capsule ovoid, 11−13 x 8−10 µm, shaft 10 µm long, abundant in aboral tentacles; difficult to discharge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C406A53F5372C70FB16DA54" blockId="5.[815,1449,984,1903]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24">(v) stenoteles, capsule inflated ovoid, 25 x 23 µm, in aboral tentacles; undischarged.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C66785C436A50F6EC280FFEB1DEB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10886656" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10886656" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10886656/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" startId="6.[140,200,835,854]" targetBox="[140,771,227,818]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6EC280FFEB1DEB0" blockId="6.[140,771,835,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6842808FE1CDE6D" box="[228,455,835,854]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6842808FE5FDE6D" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[228,388,835,854]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">Pennaria wilsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In situ
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
photograph of colony, Port Phillip Heads, depth 10 m, showing bushy growth habit (photograph by author). Scale bar: 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6D22898FE8ED91E" blockId="6.[178,772,980,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">(vi) isorhizas, capsule loaf−shaped 15 x 5−7 µm, thread long, abundant in aboral tentacles; difficult to discharge.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0C66785C436A50F5492F47FBEDD987" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10886658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10886658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10886658/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" startId="6.[809,867,1035,1054]" targetBox="[820,1431,231,1010]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F5492F47FBEDD987" blockId="6.[809,1441,1035,1212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figure 6A-J.
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F5C02F40FB9AD925" box="[928,1089,1035,1054]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F5C02F40FBE6D925" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[928,1085,1035,1054]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">Pennaria wilsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, branch with extended hydranths; B, basal annulations of branch; C, capitate tentacles surrounding hypostome; D, developing female gonophore; E newly released released eumedusa with scattered nematocysts; F−H, stenoteles from oral and aboral tentacles; I, desmoneme from hypostome; J, microbasic mastigophore from aboral tentacles. Scale bar: A, 5 mm, B, D, E, 0.5, mm, C, 0.25 mm, F−J, 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6D22F60FE8ED982" blockId="6.[178,772,980,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">(vii) microbasic mastigophores, capsule elongate pyriform, 15−19 x 6 µm, shaft 12 µm, spinous, thread coiled in a circle at base of capsule, abundant in aboral tentacles and on medusa; difficult to discharge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6D22F8CFEA7D82A" blockId="6.[178,772,980,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">(viii) desmonemes, capsule almond shaped, 7 x 4.5−5 µm, rare in aboral tentacles and around hypostome; undischarged.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C369657B5C436A51F6EC2E64FD85D93F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6EC2E64FD6FD88F" blockId="6.[140,771,1320,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6EC2E64FE8DD805" box="[140,342,1320,1342]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6972E65FE8DD805" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[247,342,1321,1342]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Pennaria</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is a genus with five accepted species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F6F32E09FEB0D860" author="Bouillon, J. & Gravili, C. & Pages, F. & Gili, J-M. & Boero F." box="[147,363,1349,1371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 591" refId="ref5840" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J-M., and Boero F. 2006. An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle 194: 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6962E0AFEF7D861" box="[246,300,1349,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F7172E09FDC7D860" author="Schuchert, P." box="[375,540,1349,1371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="325 - 410" refId="ref6538" refString="Schuchert, P. 2006. The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). Review suisse de Zoologie 113: 325 - 410." type="journal article" year="2006">Schuchert 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F4502E0AFD33D861" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[560,744,1349,1371]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F4502E0AFD33D861" box="[560,744,1349,1371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the best known of the group with cosmopolitan distribution in tropical and temperate seas; it is present around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476605C436A50F4C62ECCFCD8D8AD" box="[678,771,1408,1430]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
except in cooler Victorian waters (author’s
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F45C2ED3FD7AD888" box="[572,673,1438,1460]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">pers. obsv</emphasis>
|
||
.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6D22EF0FD7FDA0F" blockId="6.[140,771,1320,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6D22EF0FEF2D8EA" box="[178,297,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6D22EF0FEFED8EA" ID-CoL="76JN9" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[178,293,1468,1489]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">P. disticha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F7522EF0FE72D8E9" author="Bale, W. M." box="[306,425,1468,1490]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref5772" refString="Bale, W. M. 1894. Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, new series 6: 93 - 117." type="book chapter" year="1894">Bale (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F47F2EF0FCD9D8EA" ID-CoL="5P8TV" authorityName="Bale" authorityYear="1894" box="[543,770,1468,1489]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Halocordyle" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F47F2EF0FCD9D8EA" box="[543,770,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Halocordyle australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Capel Sound, Port Phillip. The hand written label on the presumed
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C888525C436A50F6992EBBFE89DB36" box="[249,338,1527,1549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
microslide (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE355C436A50F7BA2EBBFDC3DB37" box="[474,536,1527,1548]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F58747) is not Bale’s and may be that of the collector, John Bracebridge Wilson. Ralph (1966) reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F7ED2D7EFD95DB7C" ID-CoL="76JN9" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[397,590,1586,1607]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F7ED2D7EFD95DB7C" box="[397,590,1586,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from a benthic material from southern Port Phillip collected by the National Museum of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8125C436A50F76B2D21FE85DBB8" box="[267,350,1645,1667]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
Port Phillip (1957). Examination of this material (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE355C436A50F6932DC6FEEADBA4" box="[243,305,1674,1695]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
|
||
F150168, F150169) shows it to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F4C32DC7FF0DDB86" ID-CoL="76JLH" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F4C32DC7FF0DDB86" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F7622DE4FE1BDB86" box="[258,448,1704,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F7622DE4FE67DB86" ID-CoL="76JN9" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[258,444,1704,1725]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">Pennaria disticha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The flexuous spirally branching habit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6892D8AFE88DBE1" ID-CoL="76JLH" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[233,339,1733,1755]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6892D8AFE88DBE1" box="[233,339,1733,1755]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">P. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
easily distinguishes it from the pinnate stems of
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6832DA8FE8DDBC3" box="[227,342,1763,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6832DA8FE88DBC3" ID-CoL="76JN9" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[227,339,1763,1785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">P. disticha</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bale (1913) renamed the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F4C12DAFFF0DDA2E" ID-CoL="76JLH" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F4C12DAFFF0DDA2E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F77A2C4CFE0FDA2C" author="Blackburn, M." box="[282,468,1792,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="170 - 181" refId="ref5809" refString="Blackburn, M. 1937. Notes on Australian Hydrozoa, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 50: 170 - 181." type="journal article" year="1937">Blackburn (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and figured the gonophores of material from Western Port,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F8125C436A50F4292C52FD7BDA0F" box="[585,672,1822,1844]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A50F6D22C77FB7CDB58" blockId="6.[140,771,1320,1903]" lastBlockId="6.[807,1441,1285,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F6D22C77FE0CDA69" author="Gibbons, M. J. & Ryland, J. S." box="[178,471,1851,1874]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="377 - 432" refId="ref5958" refString="Gibbons, M. J., and Ryland, J. S. 1989. Intertidal and shallow water hydroids from Fiji. Athecata to Sertulariidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 27 (2): 377 - 432." type="journal article" year="1989">Gibbons and Ryland (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported fertile material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F6EC2C16FEE7DA55" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[140,316,1881,1903]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F6EC2C16FEE7DA55" box="[140,316,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Suva Barrier Reef,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476605C436A50F45D2C15FD84DA54" box="[573,607,1881,1903]" name="Fiji" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C436A50F4F02C15FC34D820" author="Kirkendale, L. & Calder, D. R." box="[656,1007,1285,1903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" pagination="159 - 188" refId="ref6104" refString="Kirkendale, L., and Calder, D. R. 2003. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands (CNMI). Micronesia 35 - 36: 159 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Kirkendale and Calder (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also referred infertile tropical material from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476605C436A50F5052E6FFC78D803" box="[869,931,1315,1336]" name="Guam" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F5AB2E6FFBE0D80C" box="[971,1083,1314,1336]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F5AB2E6FFBECD80C" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[971,1079,1314,1336]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">P. wilsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Gibbons and Ryland’s microslide mount (GL 10177) loaned by the Queensland Museum contains several mature balloon–shaped gonophores approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C436A50F3E02E12FC8AD8AA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C436A50F5D82E30FBDED8AA" box="[952,1029,1404,1425]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, but the contents are too degraded for description. I have examined four preserved samples of infertile material from the Pennycuik collection (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE355C436A50F3542EF4FA86D8F6" box="[1332,1373,1464,1485]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||
5513- 5516 inclusive) loaned by the Queensland Museum. The material was collected from under coral reef shelves, 21−24
|
||
<superScript id="7C069BB85C436A50F3F42EBEFA7BD8C5" attach="none" box="[1428,1440,1522,1534]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">th</superScript>
|
||
August, 1954, at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C436A50F2272D5DFBB5DB1D" box="[1095,1134,1553,1574]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
at the Low Isles on the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36476605C436A50F21C2D63FB45DB7E" box="[1148,1182,1583,1605]" name="Fiji" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">Fiji</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Great Barrier Reef material are clearly the same species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C436A51F52F2D26FE0BDC69" blockId="6.[807,1441,1285,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[145,780,229,1029]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The only sure means of determining whether there are two or one geographically wide-ranging species is based on morphology of the cnidome. For comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C436A50F34A2DEBFA55DB80" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[1322,1422,1702,1724]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C436A50F34A2DEBFA55DB80" box="[1322,1422,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="25">P. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a small crushed hydranth of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED62AE355C436A50F2582D88FBBBDBE2" box="[1080,1120,1732,1753]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
|
||
5515 was examined under high magnification. The scarcely distinguishable nematocysts in the capitate tentacles comprised some undischarged?stenoteles of three sizes: i) 28−36 x 20−24 µm, ii) 25 x 17 µm and iii) 11−12 x 8−9 µm. While allowing for approximately 10% shrinkage in preservation, the largest capsules are much smaller than those of fresh
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F7A72BA9FDFDDDC1" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[455,550,229,250]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F7A72BA9FDFDDDC1" box="[455,550,229,250]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">P.wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, until the cnidome and gonophores of fresh tropical material are available for examination it the tropical material is best regarded as a different species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C426A51F6D92A14FDE2DFB5" blockId="7.[145,780,229,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
The extensive and highly variable cnidome with nematocysts of four categories is similar to that described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F6F42ADFFE95DC9C" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[148,334,402,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F6F42ADFFE95DC9C" box="[148,334,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Pennaria disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B015C426A51F7E42ADEFDFDDC93" author="Schuchert, P." box="[388,550,402,424]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 159" refId="ref6503" refString="Schuchert, P. 1996. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 106: 1 - 159." type="journal article" year="1996">Schuchert 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F41E2ADFFD3FDC9C" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[638,740,402,424]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F41E2ADFFD3FDC9C" box="[638,740,402,424]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">P. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the largest stenoteles are bigger than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F4362AFCFD1DDCFF" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" box="[598,710,431,453]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="disticha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F4362AFCFD1DDCFF" box="[598,710,431,453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">P. disticha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F4962AFCFF06DCDA" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F4962AFCFF06DCDA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">P. wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the relative abundance of the larger sizes of stenoteles varies between hydranths, sometimes from the same stem. The smaller stenoteles, microbasic mastigophores and isorhizas are present in all hydranths while desmonemes are sometimes rare. Uneven distribution of the large stenoteles may be related to maturity of the hydranth, the larger ones usually occurring on the older hydranths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36F05C426A51F6D929DAFD85D93F" blockId="7.[145,780,229,1029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F6D929DAFEACDF91" authorityName="Gibbons and Ryland" authorityYear="1989" box="[185,375,661,683]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pennariidae" genus="Pennaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F6D929DAFEACDF91" box="[185,375,661,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Pennaria wilsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from several Victorian localities and is likely to be more widespread than is presently known. Colonies are most luxuriant in strong current flow on open reef at
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B155C426A51F77029A0FE86DE3A" box="[272,349,748,770]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6−10 m</quantity>
|
||
depth while in less rigorous environments they usually comprise only a few stems. Colonies persist throughout the year with major growth during winter months at water temperatures of 10−14ºC, becoming moribund over summer. Mature colonies are host to many epizooites including other small hydroids, anemones and ascidians; as the water temperature increases in late winter they are often overgrown by small filamentous red algae. Hydranths and gonophores are heavily preyed upon by the pycnogonid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F400289EFD0DDEDC" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1879" box="[608,726,978,999]" class="Pycnogonida" family="Ammotheidae" genus="Tanystylum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pantopoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F400289EFD0DDEDC" box="[608,726,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Tanystylum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several species of the nudibranch
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D735C426A51F78C28A3FD82D93F" authorityName="Ihering" authorityYear="1879" box="[492,601,1007,1028]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trinchesiidae" genus="Trinchesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAE25C426A51F78C28A3FD82D93F" box="[492,601,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="26">Trinchesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |