treatments-xml/data/03/C1/3C/03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849.xml

<document id="8DE4BE920E527842092045E3AE84C29D" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.935.2549" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11277714" ID-ZooBank="C4364351-09E6-4934-AF52-9EC6704E353F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716542948930" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mandal, Pritha, Mandal, Guru Pada, Suman, Kusumendra Kumar &amp; Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar" docDate="2024" docId="03C13C313466FFCB107BF9CBBB105849" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.935.101-121.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 935" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2549/11511" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Willowsia arunachalensis Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8AEC0266-A90C-40E2-B23C-B82C9A363BD4" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="112" masterDocId="FFF84449346FFFC01237FFA9BE4A5A01" masterDocTitle="Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="110" updateTime="1716543359048" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="317A90BE1F23FB5CD04A66353966794D">Two new species and one new record of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917 (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from the Eastern Himalayan region of India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="429497C8E759598F1358EF9A05E98A5A">Mandal, Pritha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="87728EABE6FA56F94CFAEF67ADD532B8">Mandal, Guru Pada</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="186D0B5ED40AD176B78AC6BDF33E5E26">Suman, Kusumendra Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7B4AF86212A269495EA0899DD007979">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C45025ADF76B8732F2300693D7879236">Bhattacharya, Kaushik Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9BCDEACA3A429ABE72A9C5B8FDBF56A4">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D09F3A4B3466FFC9107BF9CBBDA25C7C" box="[588,1000,1634,1661]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43466FFC9107BF9CBBDCC5C7C" authority="Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya, 2024" authorityName="Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya" authorityYear="2024" box="[588,902,1634,1661]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arunachalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91C51353466FFC9107BF9CBBDCC5C7C" bold="true" box="[588,902,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Willowsia arunachalensis</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="135391A23466FFC910A6F900BCB05CC2" box="[657,762,1705,1731]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionStartId-1="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionStartId-2="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetBox-2="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId-0="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetId-2="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." captionText-2="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6EAB89C3466FFC91132F900BDCD5CC2" box="[773,903,1705,1731]" captionStart-0="Table 1" captionStart-1="Table 2" captionStartId-0="3.[189,259,558,586]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,259,265,291]" captionText-0="Table 1(continued on nextpage). Comparison of morphological charactersbetweenthe newspecies and relatedworld speciesofWillowsia Shoebotham, 1917." captionText-1="Table 2. Chaetotaxy comparison between the closely related world species of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917." pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
, 
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<emphasis id="B91C51353466FFC9128AF943BF7D5D05" bold="true" box="[189,311,1770,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Body segments with distinct pigment patches, intensely coloured laterally; Abd. III pigmented; Scales of long basal rib 
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, absent on legs and antennae, present on manubrium; labral papilla with 2–4 denticles; Abd. I–IV with 2, 4, 2, 8 central mac on each side respectively, Abd. IV with 13 lateral mac.
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<emphasis id="B91C51353465FFCA128AFEA0BF0F5B22" bold="true" box="[189,325,265,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Etymology</emphasis>
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The specific epithet was given after the 
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collection state 
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(
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).
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<emphasis id="B91C51353465FFCA128AFED0BF275B93" bold="true" box="[189,365,376,403]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Type material</emphasis>
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• 
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(on slide); 
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Inspection Bungalow
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leg., reg. no. 3386/H14; NZC.
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<collectingCountry id="F37FCDB73465FFCA128AFDDCBF44588E" box="[189,270,629,655]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 
<specimenCount id="9D6E46AE3465FFCA1310FDDCBF225891" box="[295,360,629,656]" count="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" type="female">4 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(on slides), 18 specs in alcohol; same collection data as for holotype; reg. no. 3387/H14; NZC
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372DEAC3465FFCA128AFD73BD105D92" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFD73BF0558F5" blockId="10.[189,335,730,756]" box="[189,335,730,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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<emphasis id="B91C51353465FFCA128AFD73BF0558F5" bold="true" box="[189,335,730,756]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFCA0BDB65922" blockId="10.[189,1020,776,803]" box="[189,1020,776,803]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Average body length in adult up to 
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(
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA115AFCA1BDA55922" box="[877,1007,776,803]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
).
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<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFCE3BF1E59CF" blockId="10.[189,1399,842,974]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Ground colour pale yellow, blue pigment scattered as distinct patches all over body, especially on lateral side. Eye patches dark blue; blue transverse band between eyes; ventral side of head blue pigmented. Antennae pigmented, darker towards tip. Legs with blue pigment, furcula unpigmented (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA12F1FC1ABF0D59CF" box="[198,327,947,974]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFC5CBFA05E33" blockId="10.[189,1398,1013,1074]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Scales of long basal rib 
<typeStatus id="54D333853465FFCA1000FC5CBC205E0E" box="[567,618,1013,1039]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA104EFC5CBC915E0E" box="[633,731,1013,1039]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA10D0FC5CBD455E11" box="[743,783,1013,1040]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">5A</figureCitation>
); present on body and ventral manubrium. Antennae and legs devoid of scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFBF3BFE55F46" blockId="10.[189,1399,1113,1351]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Eyes 8+8, G and H smaller. Antenna 2.57 × as long as cephalic diagonal. Antennal segment ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 2.42: 2.26: 3.1. Ant. IV with bilobed apical bulb, many sensory setae and normal ciliated setae (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA135CFB09BF825EBA" box="[363,456,1184,1211]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA117AFB09BDE05EBA" box="[845,938,1184,1211]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
, with four antennal (An), four median (M 
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–M 
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) and seven sutural (S 
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, S 
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–S 
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, S 
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, S 
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) mac. Labral formula 4/5, 5, 5, prelabral setae ciliated and other smooth, four labral papillae each with 2–4 denticles (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA1199FB4FBA5A5F01" box="[942,1040,1254,1280]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Figs 4C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA162AFB4FBA0F5F00" box="[1053,1093,1254,1281]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">5D</figureCitation>
). Labial palp with a thick lateral process, tip not reaching at apex of labial papilla (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA116BFAA0BDFD5F25" box="[860,951,1289,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
). Labial triangular setae as MREL 
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L 
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, all ciliated (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA137FFA84BFE85F46" box="[328,418,1324,1351]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AFAC6BADC5C39" blockId="10.[187,1400,1390,1593]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Thoracic mac as 
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; Th. II with two medio-sublateral (in figure T2), nine posterior mac, Th. III with 13 mac on each side. Trochanteral organ with 15–17 smooth spiny setae, 
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‘L’ arrangement and five present in inner area (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA10FAFA1DBD645FCE" box="[717,814,1460,1487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[211,1386,429,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[186,1402,408,1852]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Body scale. B. Apex of Ant IV. C.Dorsal head chaetotaxy (right side). D. Labium. E. Lateral process of labial palp (right side). F. Labial triangle (left side). G. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th II-III. H. Trochanteral organ. Scale bars: A–B, D–F = 20 μm; C = 100 μm; G = 200 μm; H = 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277730/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
). Unguis with 4 inner teeth,1 paired basal and 2 unpaired, one external basolateral tooth present. Hind leg paired and two unpaired teeth distance from unguis base 21 µm, 32 µm, 40 µm respectively, between two unpaired teeth 8 µm. Unguiculus lanceolate with outer edge serrate, tenent hair thick and serrated with clavate tip (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA11C1F9B7BA1F5C39" box="[1014,1109,1566,1592]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[191,234,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,637,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-209@11.[189,872,1120,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov. A. Holotype, ♀ (reg. no. 3386/H14), habitus, dorso-lateral view. B. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14), habitus, dorsal view. C–E. Paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). C. Labral papillae. D. SEM of body scales. E. Fore claw (SEM image). Scale bars: A–B = 500 µm; C = 20 µm; D–E = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277728" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277728/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA1656F9B7BAC35C39" box="[1121,1161,1566,1592]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273465FFCA128AF9C9BD105D92" blockId="10.[189,1401,1631,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
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. Abd. IV 2.6 × as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. I–IV as shown in 
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA1300F92ABFF25C9C" box="[311,440,1667,1693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 6B–C</figureCitation>
. Abd. I with two central mac (m3, m4) and two sens. Abd. II with four central mac (a2, m3, m3e, m5) and 6–7 lateral mesochaete, two sens. Abd. III with two central (a2, m3), four lateral mac (am6, pm6, p6, m7a) and two two sens (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA1116F960BD3C5CE2" box="[801,886,1737,1763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig 6B</figureCitation>
). Abd. IV with 8 central mac (A4, A6, A6e, A7e, B4–B6, Si, Sm), 13 lateral mac and 7 S-setae (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA111BF945BDC05D07" box="[812,906,1772,1798]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Ventral tube with 4+4 anterior long and other 10+10 ciliated setae, 8+8–10+10 smooth lateral flap setae, posterior side with 1+1 smooth setae (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA12F1F89ABF6F5D4C" box="[198,293,1843,1869]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Tenaculum quadridentate with a stout single seta. Manubrial plaque with five ciliated seate, two pseudopores visible (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA13DDF8FFBC0F5D71" box="[490,581,1878,1904]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Basal part of dens a little thick, uncrenulated dens 2.45 × as long as mucro. Mucro bidented with single basal spine (
<figureCitation id="135391A23465FFCA10C4F8D0BD075D92" box="[755,845,1913,1939]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[220,1352,410,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-12@13.[201,1386,378,1852]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6. Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (reg. no. 3387/H14). A. Fore leg. B. Dorsal chaetotaxy Abd I–III. C. Abd IV dorsal chaetotaxy (right side). D. Anterior face of ventral tube. E. Manubrial plaque (left side). F. Distal part of dens with mucro. Scale bars: A, E–F = 50 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11277734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11277734/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C372DEAC3464FFCB128AFEA0BB105849" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD78D273464FFCB128AFEA0BF7A5B22" blockId="11.[189,304,265,291]" box="[189,304,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<heading id="D09F3A4B3464FFCB128AFEA0BF7A5B22" bold="true" box="[189,304,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB128AFEA0BF7A5B22" bold="true" box="[189,304,265,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD78D273464FFCB128AFE9EBB105849" blockId="11.[188,1400,311,584]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB128AFE9EBFA75B50" authority="Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya, 2024" authorityName="Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,493,311,337]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arunachalensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB128AFE9EBFA75B50" box="[189,493,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Willowsia arunachalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22FEC4E3464FFCB13C4FE91BC065B53" box="[499,588,312,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB10D7FE91BDFC5B50" authority="Yosii, 1971" authorityName="Yosii" authorityYear="1971" box="[736,950,311,337]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ieti">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB10D7FE91BD605B50" box="[736,810,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">W. ieti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9F0D63464FFCB1107FE9EBDFC5B50" author="Yosii R." box="[816,950,311,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" pagination="80 - 130" refId="ref8257" refString="Yosii R. 1971. Collembola of Khumbu Himal. Khumbu Himal 4: 80 - 130." type="journal article" year="1971">
Yosii, 
<quantity id="4C9020C23464FFCB114CFE9EBDFC5B50" box="[891,950,311,337]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.00634" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" unit="in" value="1971.0">1971</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in chaetotaxy pattern, although differs from the latter in having lanceolate hind unguiculus, spine number of trochanteral organ and absence of scale on antennae, details given in 
<tableCitation id="C6EAB89C3464FFCB10A6FED4BCA45B99" box="[657,750,381,408]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="14.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., W. cassagnaui Zhang, 2015, W. buski (Lubbock, 1870) and W. ieti Yosii, 1971." pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Table 4</tableCitation>
. The new species is closest to 
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB165CFED7BEB25BBA" authority="Zhang, 2015" authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="2015" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cassagnaui">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB165CFED7BB535B96" box="[1131,1305,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">W. cassagnaui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9F0D63464FFCB1713FED4BEB25BBA" author="Zhang F." pageId="11" pageNumber="112" pagination="489 - 499" refId="ref8320" refString="Zhang F. 2015. Some Willowsia from Nepal and Vietnam (Collembola: Entomobryidae) and description of one new species. Zootaxa 3905 (4): 489 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3905.4.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Zhang, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
for both species have no scales on Ant. I and legs. However, the latter has 3+3 mac on Abd. I and rounded labral papillae. 
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB101BFE6DBDF75BDF" authority="(Lubbock, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Lubbock" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[556,957,452,478]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buski">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB101BFE6DBCA15BDF" box="[556,747,452,478]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Willowsia buski</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF9F0D63464FFCB10CAFE6DBDFF5BDF" author="Lubbock J." box="[765,949,452,478]" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" pagination="277 - 297" refId="ref7688" refString="Lubbock J. 1870. Notes on the Thysanura. Part IV. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 27 (2): 277 - 297. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1870. tb 00214. x" type="journal article" year="1870">Lubbock, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the new species share a similar body chaetotaxy though they differ in colour pattern, Abd. IV chaetotaxy, labral papillae structure, trochanteral setae number etc. (
<tableCitation id="C6EAB89C3464FFCB1006FDA3BCC55825" box="[561,655,522,548]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="14.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 4. Comparison of Willowsia arunachalensis sp. nov., W. cassagnaui Zhang, 2015, W. buski (Lubbock, 1870) and W. ieti Yosii, 1971." pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Table 4</tableCitation>
). A detailed comparison of all the related species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB1734FDA3BB325825" authorityName="Shoebotham" authorityYear="1917" box="[1283,1400,522,548]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB1734FDA3BB325825" box="[1283,1400,522,548]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Willowsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C68F6A43464FFCB12CFFD87BF985846" authorityName="Mandal &amp; Mandal &amp; Suman &amp; Bhattacharya" authorityYear="2024" box="[248,466,557,583]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
<emphasis id="B91C51353464FFCB12CFFD87BF985846" box="[248,466,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="112">W. arunachalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is given in 
<tableCitation id="C6EAB89C3464FFCB106CFD84BCF85849" box="[603,690,557,584]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[189,259,558,586]" captionText="Table 1(continued on nextpage). Comparison of morphological charactersbetweenthe newspecies and relatedworld speciesofWillowsia Shoebotham, 1917." pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Table 1</tableCitation>
along with chaetotaxic comparison of the same (
<tableCitation id="C6EAB89C3464FFCB16C7FD84BB015849" box="[1264,1355,557,584]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="8.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 2. Chaetotaxy comparison between the closely related world species of Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917." pageId="11" pageNumber="112">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>