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<document id="1EE91DF21AC0D9C1FAF6C42AC878EED6" ID-CLB-Dataset="25942" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.11" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f507f9b-c34e-417f-8e59-9b44dd95cfbd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3375756" ID-ZooBank="68706766-E74E-4044-882E-2BF2EE22AC8A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566574836476" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Luciana &amp; Tavares, Marcos" docDate="2019" docId="03B687D45B3BA12EFF2DF8E2A6813693" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4658.2.11.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4658 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Sclerothyone reichi Martins &amp; Tavares 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BBE7DFA8-B1DA-4B25-937A-930F80F0138E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FF8FFFAC5B3AA12DFFBAFFDCA50D3126" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Sclerothyone from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a key to genera and species of Sclerothyoninae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Sclerodactylidae)" masterLastPageNumber="382" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1698752036078" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EADFEF6B1F6EB6F3BE3517397398AFEF">Two new species of Sclerothyone from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a key to genera and species of Sclerothyoninae (Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida: Sclerodactylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FA78FAC778D2444A5006782E8F0C36FA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F34800BA2BE8ACA4069ACA8964340645">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03B687D45B3BA12EFF2DF8E2A6813693" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5680362" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159243986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5680362" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBE7DFA8-B1DA-4B25-937A-930F80F0138E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B687D45B3BA12EFF2DF8E2A6813693" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<subSubSection id="C30565495B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A4E5367F" box="[151,488,1854,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A4E5367F" blockId="1.[151,488,1854,1916]" box="[151,488,1854,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<heading id="D0E881AE5B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A4E5367F" bold="true" box="[151,488,1854,1881]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A4E5367F" bold="true" box="[151,488,1854,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A48E367F" ID-CoL="84D46" authority="Martins &amp; Tavares, 2019" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,387,1854,1881]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B3BA12CFF2DF8E2A48E367F" bold="true" box="[151,387,1854,1881]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Sclerothyone reichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25857AB5B3BA12CFE30F8E3A4E5367F" box="[394,488,1855,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30565495B3BA12CFF2DF8BEA446365A" box="[151,331,1890,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B3BA12CFF2DF8BEA446365A" blockId="1.[151,488,1854,1916]" box="[151,331,1890,1916]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
(
<figureCitation id="13242A475B3BA12CFF1AF8BEA5EF365A" box="[160,226,1890,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C69D03795B3BA12CFF55F8BEA44D365A" box="[239,320,1890,1916]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,622,646]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Synoptic table of morphological characters and distribution of the Sclerothyoninae genera and Sclerothyone species. BW, body wall; INT, introvert; TT, tentacle; TF, tube feet; SWA, Southwestern Atlantic and SEA, Southeast Atlantic (South Africa)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF60664A5B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" tableUuid="DF60664A5B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30565495B3BA12EFF2DF876A6813693" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B3BA12CFF2DF876A44036CF" blockId="1.[151,1437,1961,2025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B3BA12CFF2DF876A4DE36E2" bold="true" box="[151,467,1961,1988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Type material. REVIZEE,</emphasis>
off coast of
<collectingRegion id="49DBF8205B3BA12CFDDCF876A7D136E2" box="[614,732,1962,1988]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30876525B3BA12CFD52F876A62236E2" box="[744,815,1962,1988]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B50055B3BA12CFC81F876A69436E2" box="[827,921,1962,1988]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" precision="925" value="-24.116667">24°07S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B50055B3BA12CFC1DF876A10336E2" box="[935,1038,1962,1988]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" precision="925" value="-44.7">44°42W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFA110025B3BA12CFBA1F876A18B36E2" box="[1051,1158,1962,1988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" value="1998-01-11">
11.i.
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, 101m,
<typeStatus id="54A488605B3BA12CFB58F876A04936E2" box="[1250,1348,1962,1988]" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CE79B275B3BA12CFAF6F876A09036E3" box="[1356,1437,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EAE075B3BA12CFF25F812A5F036CE" box="[159,253,1998,2024]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="1" pageNumber="376">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1644).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B38A12FFF7DFF45A70A31F0" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B38A12FFF7DFF45A4453195" bold="true" box="[199,328,153,179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Etymology</emphasis>
. This species is named in honor of Dr. Mike Reich in recognition for his contributions to the systematics of fossil Holothuroidea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B38A12FFF7DFF3CA4FF3040" blockId="2.[151,1437,152,358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B38A12FFF7DFF3CA43731DD" bold="true" box="[199,314,224,251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body U-shapped. Ten tentacles, ventral-most pair smaller. Tube feet scattered over body. Calcareous ring plates undivided; posterior processes subdivided and long, up to two times height of calcareous ring plate. Body wall with multilocular two pillared tables; tentacles with rods and introvert with two pillared tables and rosettes. Tube feet with only end plates.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF60664A5B38A12FFF2DF8DBA7043696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" startId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" targetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B38A12FFF2DF8DBA7043696" blockId="2.[151,1437,1799,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B38A12FFF2DF8DBA41E3606" bold="true" box="[151,275,1799,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B38A12FFEA0F8DBA4D33639" authority="Martins &amp; Tavares, 2019" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,478,1799,1823]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B38A12FFEA0F8DBA4D33639" box="[282,478,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Sclerothyone reichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B38A12FFE5FF8D4A73B3606" bold="true" box="[485,566,1800,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25857AB5B38A12FFE5FF8D4A73B3606" box="[485,566,1800,1824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B335B38A12FFD42F8AFA69436AD" author="Ludwig, H." box="[760,921,1907,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" refId="ref4785" refString="Ludwig, H. (1889 - 1892) Die Seewalzen. In: Bronn, H. G. (Ed.), Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Volume 2, 3 rd Edition, Echinodermen (Stachelhauter). Leipzig: C. F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung." type="book" year="1889">Ludwigs (1889</bibRefCitation>
1892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF7DFF44A10130AD" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF7DFF44A4543195" bold="true" box="[199,345,152,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Description.</emphasis>
Body U-shaped, slightly upturned at both ends rough to touch (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFB94FF45A1723195" box="[1070,1151,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
). Ten dendritic tentacles, ventral pair reduced. Anal papillae present (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFD34FF61A7EF31FE" box="[654,738,189,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
). Tube feet scattered throughout body. Radial and interradial plates of the calcareous ring of same length, entire, united at base only (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFC71FF3DA11131DD" box="[971,1052,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
). Radial plates notched anteriorly for the passage of the radial nerves and radial canal; posterior processes subdivided into about 4 pieces. Interradial plates arrow-shaped, with an anterior depression. Longitudinal muscles thin, split into two in the anterior region of body; retractor muscle short, flat, attached between the muscular processes. Internal organs degraded (
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFA99FE92A04B3041" box="[1315,1350,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">i.e.</emphasis>
, Polian vesicle, stone canal and madreporitenot not observed). Color brown in ethanol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF7DFE49A64B3366" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Ossicles: Body wall with two-pillared tables with circular disc, multiperforated by several holes and undulating margin; spire short, ending in a crown of teeth (80100 μm long,
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFCC9FE65A6BD30F2" box="[883,944,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
de). Introvert with two pillared tables with multiperforated, circular disc; undulating margin; spire short, ending in crown of teeth (4060 μm long, (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFAFCFE01A09E30DE" box="[1350,1427,477,504]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
) and rosettes 3050 μm long (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFE60FDDDA726333D" box="[474,555,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Fig.
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</figureCitation>
). Tentacles with curved rods perforated at ends (6080 μm long,
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFB45FDDDA05D333A" box="[1279,1360,513,540]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
). Tube feet with only end plates circular (up to 100 μm long,
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFD4EFDF9A6313366" box="[756,828,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Fig.
<date id="FFA110025B39A12EFC9DFDF9A6313366" box="[807,828,549,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">1i</date>
</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF60664A5B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9" ID-Table-UUID="DF60664A5B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF60664A5B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[151,1418,731,1650]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF2DFDB2A49833E9" blockId="3.[151,1436,622,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF2DFDB2A40633A0" bold="true" box="[151,267,622,646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Synoptic table of morphological characters and distribution of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFC5AFDB3A18033A1" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1989" box="[992,1165,623,647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sclerothyoninae">Sclerothyoninae</taxonomicName>
genera and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFAA8FDB3A09133A1" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="1989" box="[1298,1436,623,647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFAA8FDB3A09133A1" box="[1298,1436,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sclerothyone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. BW, body wall; INT, introvert; TT, tentacle; TF, tube feet; SWA, Southwestern Atlantic and SEA, Southeast Atlantic (South Africa).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF1CFD07A0673757" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<table id="F91FC4625B395ED2FF2DFD07A0873754" box="[151,1418,731,1650]" gridcols="5" gridrows="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFD07A08733D2" box="[151,1418,731,756]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFD07A42A33D2" box="[151,295,731,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF1CFD07A41833D2" bold="true" box="[166,277,731,756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FD07A75333D2" box="[365,606,731,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFE3DFD00A4F233D2" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2018" box="[391,511,732,756]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Paulayellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFE3DFD00A4F233D2" box="[391,511,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Paulayellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FD07A64133D2" box="[632,844,731,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFDC2FD00A60033D5" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1941" box="[632,781,732,755]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Neopentamera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFDC2FD00A60033D5" box="[632,781,732,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Neopentamera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFD07A17733D2" box="[886,1146,731,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFCCCFD00A6E133D2" authorityName="Martinez &amp; Brogger" authorityYear="2012" box="[886,1004,732,756]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Thandarum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFCCCFD00A6E133D2" box="[886,1004,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Thandarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFD07A08733D2" box="[1188,1418,731,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFB1EFD00A06A33D2" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2019" box="[1188,1383,732,756]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reichi">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFB1EFD00A06A33D2" box="[1188,1383,732,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sclerothyone reichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFD23A087323E" box="[151,1418,767,792]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFD23A42A323E" box="[151,295,767,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF1CFD23A5FC323E" bold="true" box="[166,241,767,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">species</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFD23A087323E" box="[1188,1418,767,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFB1EFCDCA1F9323E" bold="true" box="[1188,1268,768,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFCFCA087321F" box="[151,1418,800,825]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFCFCA42A321F" box="[151,295,800,825]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Distribution</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FCFCA753321F" box="[365,606,800,825]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Pacific</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FCFCA641321F" box="[632,844,800,825]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Pacific</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFCFCA177321F" box="[886,1146,800,825]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SWA</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFCFCA087321F" box="[1188,1418,800,825]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SWA</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFC99A0873278" box="[151,1418,837,862]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFC99A42A3278" box="[151,295,837,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">BW ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FC99A7533278" box="[365,606,837,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Cups, buttons and</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FC99A6413278" box="[632,844,837,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Buttons and plates</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFC99A1773278" box="[886,1146,837,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Four-pillared tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFC99A0873278" box="[1188,1418,837,862]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two-pillared tables</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFCB5A0873285" box="[151,1418,873,931]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFCB5A42A3285" box="[151,295,873,931]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">INT ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FCB5A7533285" box="[365,606,873,931]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">plates Cups and plates</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FCB5A6413285" box="[632,844,873,931]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Perforated plates</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFCB5A1773285" box="[886,1146,873,931]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rosettes</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFCB5A0873285" box="[1188,1418,873,931]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two pillared tables</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFC72A08732CE" box="[151,1418,942,1000]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFC72A42A32CE" box="[151,295,942,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TT ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FC72A75332CE" box="[365,606,942,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FC72A64132CE" box="[632,844,942,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods and rosettes</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFC72A17732CE" box="[886,1146,942,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFC72A08732CE" box="[1188,1418,942,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">and rosettes Rods</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFC29A0873528" box="[151,1418,1013,1038]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFC29A42A3528" box="[151,295,1013,1038]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">End plate</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FC29A7533528" box="[365,606,1013,1038]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Circular</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FC29A6413528" box="[632,844,1013,1038]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Star-shaped</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFC29A1773528" box="[886,1146,1013,1038]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Star-shaped</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFC29A0873528" box="[1188,1418,1013,1038]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Circular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFBC6A0873515" box="[151,1418,1050,1075]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFBC6A42A3515" box="[151,295,1050,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TF ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FBC6A7533515" box="[365,606,1050,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FBC6A6413515" box="[632,844,1050,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFBC6A1773515" box="[886,1146,1050,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFBC6A0873515" box="[1188,1418,1050,1075]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting tables</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFB9CA087357F" box="[151,1418,1088,1113]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFB9CA42A357F" box="[151,295,1088,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Reference(s)</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FB9CA753357F" box="[365,606,1088,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Martins &amp; Tavares,</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FB9CA641357F" box="[632,844,1088,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Martins &amp; Tavares,</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFB9CA177357F" box="[886,1146,1088,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
Martinez
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFC62FB9EA11C357F" box="[984,1041,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">et. al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFB9CA087357F" box="[1188,1418,1088,1113]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Present paper</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFBB8A087355B" box="[151,1418,1124,1149]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FBB8A753355B" box="[365,606,1124,1149]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">2018</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FBB8A641355B" box="[632,844,1124,1149]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">2018</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFBB8A177355B" box="[886,1146,1124,1149]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B335B39A12EFCCCFBB8A16D355B" author="Martins, L. &amp; Souto, C." box="[886,1120,1124,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="362 - 374" refId="ref4950" refString="Martins, L. &amp; Souto, C. (2015) Taxonomic review of four western Atlantic dendrochirotids (Holothuroidea) with the description of a new Brazilian cucumariid species and designation of neotypes. Zootaxa, 3919 (2), 362 - 374. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3919.2.8" type="journal article" year="2015">Martins &amp; Souto, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFB75A08735E5" box="[151,1418,1193,1219]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFB75A08735E5" box="[151,1418,1193,1219]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">continued.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFB13A08735CE" box="[151,1418,1231,1256]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFB13A42A35CE" box="[151,295,1231,1256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF1CFB13A41835CE" bold="true" box="[166,277,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Character</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FB13A75335CE" box="[365,606,1231,1256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFED7FB0CA75335CE" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2019" box="[365,606,1232,1256]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oloughlini">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFED7FB0CA75335CE" box="[365,606,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sclerothyone oloughlini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FB13A08735CE" box="[632,1418,1231,1256]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFD32FB0CA03A35CE" box="[648,1335,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFD32FB0CA69E35CE" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[648,915,1232,1256]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolumnus">Sclerothyone unicolumnus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFC0CFB0CA19435CE" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig &amp; Heding" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[950,1177,1232,1256]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="velligera">Sclerothyone velligera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFB7DFB0DA03A35CE" authorityName="Thandar. A" authorityYear="1989" box="[1223,1335,1233,1256]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Temparena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Temparena</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFB2FA087342A" box="[151,1418,1267,1292]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFB2FA42A342A" box="[151,295,1267,1292]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF1CFB2FA5FC342A" bold="true" box="[166,241,1267,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">species</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FB2FA753342A" box="[365,606,1267,1292]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFED7FB28A4B0342A" bold="true" box="[365,445,1268,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFAC8A087340B" box="[151,1418,1300,1325]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFAC8A42A340B" box="[151,295,1300,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Distribution</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FAC8A753340B" box="[365,606,1300,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SWA</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FAC8A641340B" box="[632,844,1300,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SEA</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFAC8A177340B" box="[886,1146,1300,1325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SEA</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFAC8A087340B" box="[1188,1418,1300,1325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SEA</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFAE6A0873475" box="[151,1418,1338,1363]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFAE6A42A3475" box="[151,295,1338,1363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">BW ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FAE6A7533475" box="[365,606,1338,1363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two-pillared tables and</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FAE6A6413475" box="[632,844,1338,1363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two-pillared tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFAE6A1773475" box="[886,1146,1338,1363]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two-pillared tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFAE6A0873475" box="[1188,1418,1338,1363]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Two-pillared tables</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFA82A08734BE" box="[151,1418,1374,1432]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFA82A42A34BE" box="[151,295,1374,1432]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">INT ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FA82A75334BE" box="[365,606,1374,1432]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">plates Rosettes</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FA82A64134BE" box="[632,844,1374,1432]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Absent</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFA82A17734BE" box="[886,1146,1374,1432]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Plates and rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFA82A08734BE" box="[1188,1418,1374,1432]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">and plates Plates</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFA79A0873498" box="[151,1418,1445,1470]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFA79A42A3498" box="[151,295,1445,1470]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TT ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FA79A7533498" box="[365,606,1445,1470]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FA79A1773498" box="[632,1146,1445,1470]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Rods and multilocular Plates and rods</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFA79A0873498" box="[1188,1418,1445,1470]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Plates</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DFA15A0873724" box="[151,1418,1481,1538]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DFA15A42A3724" box="[151,295,1481,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">End plate</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7FA15A7533724" box="[365,606,1481,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Circular</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2FA15A6413724" box="[632,844,1481,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">plates Circular</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCFA15A1773724" box="[886,1146,1481,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Circular</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EFA15A0873724" box="[1188,1418,1481,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Circular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DF9D3A087370E" box="[151,1418,1551,1576]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DF9D3A42A370E" box="[151,295,1551,1576]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TF ossicles</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7F9D3A753370E" box="[365,606,1551,1576]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2F9D3A641370E" box="[632,844,1551,1576]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCF9D3A177370E" box="[886,1146,1551,1576]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting tables</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EF9D3A087370E" box="[1188,1418,1551,1576]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Supporting tables</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DF9E9A0873768" box="[151,1418,1589,1614]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<th id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FF2DF9E9A42A3768" box="[151,295,1589,1614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Reference(s)</th>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FED7F9E9A7533768" box="[365,606,1589,1614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Present paper</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FDC2F9E9A6413768" box="[632,844,1589,1614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B335B39A12EFD32F9E9A6163768" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[648,795,1589,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref5292" refString="Thandar, A. S. (2008) Additions to the holothuroid fauna of the southern African temperate faunistic provinces, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1697, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1697.1. 1" type="journal article" year="2008">Thandar, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCF9E9A1773768" box="[886,1146,1589,1614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B335B39A12EFC0CF9E9A1443768" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[950,1097,1589,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="290 - 304" refId="ref5237" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1989) The Sclerodactylid holothurians of southern Africa, with the erection of one new subfamily and two new genera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 24, 290 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1989.11448167" type="journal article" year="1989">Thandar, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EF9E9A0873768" box="[1188,1418,1589,1614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E4B335B39A12EFB7DF9E9A0573768" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[1223,1370,1589,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" pagination="290 - 304" refId="ref5237" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1989) The Sclerodactylid holothurians of southern Africa, with the erection of one new subfamily and two new genera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 24, 290 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02541858.1989.11448167" type="journal article" year="1989">Thandar, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="352F34805B395ED2FF2DF986A0873754" box="[151,1418,1626,1650]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FCCCF986A1773754" box="[886,1146,1626,1650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">MNHN</td>
<td id="76FE5DFC5B395ED2FB1EF986A0873754" box="[1188,1418,1626,1650]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">ZMUC; MNHN</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF7DF91EA6E337FB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1729,1973]" box="[199,1006,1729,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<materialsCitation id="3B773C9F5B39A12EFF7DF91EA6E337FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2351014743" box="[199,1006,1729,1757]" country="Brazil" elevation="101" latitude="-24.116667" location="Sao Paulo" longLatPrecision="1252" longitude="-44.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" specimenCount="101" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF7DF91EA46837FA" bold="true" box="[199,357,1729,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<typeStatus id="54A488605B39A12EFF7DF91EA40F37FA" box="[199,258,1730,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30876525B39A12EFED6F91EA4BE37FA" box="[364,435,1730,1756]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, off coast of
<collectingRegion id="49DBF8205B39A12EFDFFF91EA7B437FA" box="[581,697,1730,1756]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B50055B39A12EFD7EF91EA62C37FA" box="[708,801,1730,1756]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-24.116667">24°07S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B50055B39A12EFC94F91EA69937FA" box="[814,916,1730,1756]" degrees="44" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" precision="925" value="-44.7">44°42W</geoCoordinate>
,
<specimenCount id="9D19FD4B5B39A12EFC1AF91EA6E337FB" box="[928,1006,1730,1757]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CE79B275B39A12EFC1AF91EA6E737FB" box="[928,1002,1730,1757]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="101.0">
<elevation id="0032D1F15B39A12EFC1AF91EA6E737FB" box="[928,1002,1730,1757]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="101.0">101 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF7DF939A7FC3626" blockId="3.[151,1437,1729,1973]" box="[199,753,1765,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF7DF939A46C3626" bold="true" box="[199,353,1765,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="54A488605B39A12EFDDAF93BA79D3627" box="[608,656,1767,1793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA036C25B39A12EFF7DF8D6A6813693" blockId="3.[151,1437,1729,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFF7DF8D6A4363602" bold="true" box="[199,315,1802,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFEFBF8D6A7153602" authority="Martins &amp; Tavares, 2019" authorityName="Martins &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2019" box="[321,536,1802,1828]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reichi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFEFBF8D6A7153602" box="[321,536,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Sclerothyone reichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFDA4F8D6A77A3602" bold="true" box="[542,631,1802,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25857AB5B39A12EFDA4F8D6A77A3602" box="[542,631,1802,1828]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
superficially resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFC3EF8D7A10E3602" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig &amp; Heding" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[900,1027,1802,1829]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="velligera">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFC3EF8D7A10E3602" box="[900,1027,1802,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. velligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFB8DF8D7A1EC3602" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[1079,1249,1802,1829]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolumnus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFB8DF8D7A1EC3602" box="[1079,1249,1802,1829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. unicolumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from both species by having (1) multilocular tables in the body wall (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFCC8F8F2A6ED366F" box="[882,992,1838,1865]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1d, e</figureCitation>
) and tentacles provided with rods only (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFF1AF88EA5FC364B" box="[160,241,1874,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1h</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFEB1F88FA427364A" box="[267,298,1875,1900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">vs.</emphasis>
four-holed tables in the body wall and tentacles with rods and plates in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFBE1F88FA1D1364A" baseAuthorityName="Ludwig &amp; Heding" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[1115,1244,1874,1901]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="velligera">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFBE1F88FA1D1364A" box="[1115,1244,1874,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. velligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and (2) unfused pillars in the body wall tables (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFE57F8AAA75436B7" box="[493,601,1910,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1d, e</figureCitation>
), and tables and rosettes in the introvert, (
<figureCitation id="13242A475B39A12EFB90F8AAA19F36B7" box="[1066,1170,1910,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1799,1824]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,401,1779]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sclerothyone reichi sp. nov., holotype (MZUSP 1644). (A) lateral view of the body (mouth in red arrow and anus white arrow); (B) anal papillae (black arrow) and (C) calcareous ring; (D) body wall table in upper view (E) and lower view (F); introvert wall table in upper view; (G) rosette from introvert; (H) rod from tentacle and (I) end plate from tube feet. R, radial plate; IR, interradial plate; labels on calcareous ring follow Ludwigs (18891892) scheme. Scale bars: A, 10mm; BC, 1mm; DE 50 μm; FG, 30 μm; H, 50 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3375758/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 1f, g</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFB10F8ABA1C536B6" box="[1194,1224,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">vs.</emphasis>
fused pillars in the body wall tables and no ossicles in the introvert in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F4D415B39A12EFD6AF847A6763692" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2008" box="[720,891,1946,1973]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Sclerothyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="unicolumnus">
<emphasis id="B96BEAD05B39A12EFD6AF847A6763692" box="[720,891,1946,1973]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">S. unicolumnus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>