207 lines
24 KiB
XML
207 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="1C029964C3A45BF80B9251057912766E" ID-CLB-Dataset="6314" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7aaad606-9dd4-47fd-b5bc-e75c8ba2bbb5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4761869" ID-ZooBank="A10E0734-85A7-4B44-AD45-63142A1CC7D1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620988873296" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Turner, Thomas L." docDate="2021" docId="03A9147BFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFCF644BB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4970.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4970 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Scopalina kuyamu Turner 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="364" masterDocId="FF906C03FFE6FFCBB440FFB1FFA7432E" masterDocTitle="Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="371" masterPageNumber="353" pageNumber="364" updateTime="1698939887160" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CA5E9FE5B3CECEFBB5EFB49614D18F48">
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<mods:title id="96CEEC6A7BE01535360CCAD56C58A457">Four new Scopalina from Southern California: the first Scopalinida (Porifera Demospongiae) from the temperate Eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9B44D5266A004970C2492017857E32FB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6A3E81EC5E527F737708C655344E477F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E9469B0533EE3CAF67796EA0CC8267D8">Turner, Thomas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F1B0C3F87841B7142027DE39F50BB375">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D8D00CEB21F1B1373368C306E7A64B2">
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<mods:date id="8E4F3B28A97161FE9FD3598A5481C75D">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22F595DD2B887475C4E6B4F543E10817">2021-05-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B8921A60152F91780ACDE1328CDF4F85">4970</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2CF997182A9718DBB6BC8696B1B02873" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4970.2.8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52BC548AFC9B35EEEA5F2C9B589E10C3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D988528DE988EE2D864EF08D1073CF4A" type="Zenodo-Dep">4761869</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A9147BFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFCF644BB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4895224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182486376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4895224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFCF644BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9147BFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFCF644BB" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFE794187" box="[151,478,654,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFE794187" blockId="11.[151,478,654,717]" box="[151,478,654,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<heading id="D0F71201FFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFE794187" bold="true" box="[151,478,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFE794187" bold="true" box="[151,478,654,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFEDE4187" authority="Turner, 2021" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,377,654,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFEDE4187" bold="true" box="[151,377,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Scopalina kuyamu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A247C404FFEDFFC0B5C0FD3EFE794187" box="[384,478,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B4D7FD02FF4C41E3" box="[151,235,691,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B4D7FD02FF4C41E3" blockId="11.[151,478,654,717]" box="[151,235,691,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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(
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<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEDFFC0B4E0FD02FF4441E3" box="[160,227,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@12.[151,1436,181,920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scopalina kuyamu sp. nov.. All images from holotype.A: field photo. B: Skeletal architecture, showing basal plate cored with copious sediment. C, D spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761877/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B4D7FD4BFDAA4017" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B4D7FD4BFDAA4017" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B4D7FD4BFE20403A" bold="true" box="[151,391,762,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B68AF30FFEDFFC0B5D4FD4AFDAA4017" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3125626301" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="United States of America" elevation="12" latitude="34.42212" location="Naples Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" specimenCode="CASIZ 235469" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54BB1BCFFFEDFFC0B5D4FD4AFDA6403B" box="[404,513,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: (
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<specimenCode id="DBA60D16FFEDFFC0B65AFD4AFD77403B" box="[538,720,762,789]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">CASIZ 235469</specimenCode>
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)
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<location id="8EDFF3B6FFEDFFC0B6A5FD4AFCDF403B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9147BFFEDFFC0B4D7FD3FFCF644BB:8EDFF3B6FFEDFFC0B6A5FD4AFCDF403B" box="[741,888,763,789]" country="United States of America" latitude="34.42212" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-119.95154" municipality="Santa Barbara" name="Naples Reef" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" stateProvince="California">Naples Reef</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDB3F17FFEDFFC0B7C9FD4AFB96403B" box="[905,1073,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Santa Barbara</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEDFFC0B002FD4AFB11403B" box="[1090,1206,763,789]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEDFFC0B088FD4AFB59403B" box="[1224,1278,763,789]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEDFFC0B154FD4AFA25403B" box="[1300,1410,763,789]" degrees="34.42212" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="34.42212">34.42212</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE34C3AAFFEDFFC0B1D3FD4AFEB54017" degrees="119.95154" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" precision="1" value="-119.95154">- 119.95154</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<elevation id="002D425EFFEDFFC0B564FCAEFE024017" box="[292,421,799,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="m" value="12.0">
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEDFFC0B564FCAEFEFA4017" box="[292,349,799,825]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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, 7/31/19.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B487FCF2FC514623" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FCF2FDCA40AF" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FCF2FEE94073" bold="true" box="[199,334,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for the village of Kuyamu, a community of Barbareño Chumash that once stood onshore at the site where the sponge was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FC3AFB1B473F" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FC3AFEC6408B" bold="true" box="[199,353,907,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Morphology.</emphasis>
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Encrusting,
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEDFFC0B5B1FC3AFDE9408B" box="[497,590,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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thick,
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEDFFC0B6DDFC3AFD72408B" box="[669,725,907,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
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||
across (
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<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEDFFC0B773FC3AFCDE408B" box="[819,889,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@12.[151,1436,181,920]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Scopalina kuyamu sp. nov.. All images from holotype.A: field photo. B: Skeletal architecture, showing basal plate cored with copious sediment. C, D spicules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761877/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Soft and compressible. Surface hispid due to a profusion of protruding styles. Distinct ectosome not apparent. Peach colored in nature, except for translucent-white varicose channels running along surface. Few scattered oscules, each ~300 μm diameter; smaller pores (approxi- mately 80 μm diameter) abundant and uniformly distributed. Beige when preserved in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FBABFD95478F" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FBABFE92471A" bold="true" box="[199,309,1050,1076]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Skeleton.</emphasis>
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Basal mat of spongin cored with sediment. Extensions of spongin arise from this mat: most are low mounds, some only 25–50 μm high, but some are fingers 100–300 μm high and cored with sediment. Heads of spic- ules are embedded in these mounds and fingers, either singly or in bundles of up to 12. Spicules extent vertically and pierce the surface of the sponge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FB1BFC514623" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FB1BFE9747EA" bold="true" box="[199,304,1194,1220]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Spicules.</emphasis>
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Styles only, usually bent towards the head end, thickest at the head and tapered to a point. Some spicule tips are “telescoping” (width decreasing in a step-wise fashion) at the pointed end. Spicules averaged 1557 μm in length (N=35, range 879–1948 μm); 16 μm in width (N=35, range 11–21).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B487FAA7FF5A46EF" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FAA7FF5A46EF" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FAA7FE56461E" bold="true" box="[199,497,1302,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
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Only a single individual has been found, on a vertical wall at
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEDFFC0B0E7FAA6FB47461F" box="[1191,1248,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth, at Naples Reef, in Santa Barbara,
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<collectingRegion id="49C46B8FFFEDFFC0B5E6FA8AFDBC467B" box="[422,539,1339,1365]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">California</collectingRegion>
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. Habitat was rocky reef with abundant bryozoan, sponge, and anthozoan cover, adjacent to year-round kelp forest. Three additional dives at the same location failed to locate other individuals; similar, nearby habitat to the East and West also had considerable search effort, so this species appears to be rare in this area.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31AF6E6FFEDFFC0B487FA7AFCF644BB" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487FA7AFB844593" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B487FA7AFE9C46CB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1483,1509]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This sponge is quite genetically and morphologically distinct from
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B018FA7AFB7B46CA" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[1112,1244,1483,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nausicae">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B018FA7AFB7B46CA" box="[1112,1244,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. nausicae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B15AFA7AFAF846CB" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[1306,1375,1483,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="jali">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B15AFA7AFAF846CB" box="[1306,1375,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. jali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The spicular architecture is fairly similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B60DFA5EFD7E4527" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[589,729,1519,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="goletensis">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B60DFA5EFD7E4527" box="[589,729,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. goletensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, though the spicule density is lower. As a result,
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B0B8FA5EFA244527" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[1272,1411,1519,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="goletensis">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B0B8FA5EFA244527" box="[1272,1411,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. goletensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is removable from the substrate as a fairly firm sheet, while
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B761F9A2FC334503" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[801,916,1555,1581]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B761F9A2FC334503" box="[801,916,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. kuyamu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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peels away in rubbery strips that curl up upon themselves. Also, the spicules average over twice as long in
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<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B70BF986FC18457F" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[843,959,1591,1617]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu">
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<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B70BF986FC18457F" box="[843,959,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. kuyamu</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with non-overlapping size ranges among the spicules measured. These morphological differences seem unlikely to be due to environmental influences, as the two species were collected at the same depth, at very similar reefs, less than
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<quantity id="4CF80888FFEDFFC0B7A7F9CFFBB845B7" box="[999,1055,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
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apart. Together with the considerable genetic divergence, these differences support species status for both species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487F976FBD14463" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">
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Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B563F976FE3445CF" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1862" box="[291,403,1735,1761]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B563F976FE3445CF" box="[291,403,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Scopalina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other regions, the only species with spicules as large as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B00DF976FB6745CF" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="2021" box="[1101,1216,1735,1761]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kuyamu">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B00DF976FB6745CF" box="[1101,1216,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. kuyamu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B0B2F976FCBC4428" authority="(Schmidt, 1862) (Blanquer & Uriz 2008)" authorityName="Blanquer & Uriz" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lophyropoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B0B2F976FA3B45CF" box="[1266,1436,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. lophyropoda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEDFFC0B4DFF95AFEE34428" author="Schmidt, O." box="[159,324,1771,1798]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" refId="ref11625" refString="Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1862">Schmidt, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEDFFC0B51AF95AFDFF442B" author="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J." box="[346,600,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" pagination="489 - 502" refId="ref9181" refString="Blanquer, A. & Uriz, M. - J. (2008) " A posteriori " searching for phenotypic characters to described new cryptic species of sponges revealed by molecular markers (Scopalina: Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 489 - 502. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 07004" type="journal article" year="2008">Blanquer & Uriz 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Mediterranean)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B710F95AFB62442B" authority="(Goodwin et al., 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Goodwin" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[848,1221,1771,1797]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bunkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B710F95AFC65442B" box="[848,962,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. bunkeri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEDFFC0B78FF95AFB1A442B" author="Goodwin, C. & Jones, J. & Neely, K. & Brickle, P." box="[975,1213,1771,1797]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" pagination="275 - 301" refId="ref10062" refString="Goodwin, C., Jones, J., Neely, K. & Brickle, P. (2011) Sponge biodiversity of the Jason Islands and Stanley, Falkland Islands with descriptions of twelve new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 275 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410001542" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Goodwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B07FF95AFBD9442B" box="[1087,1150,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F317E5FDFFEDFFC0B092F95AFA364428" box="[1234,1425,1771,1798]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
). In addition to great geographic distance,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B622F8BEFCAB4407" authorityName="Blanquer & Uriz" authorityYear="2008" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[610,780,1807,1833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lophyropoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B622F8BEFCAB4407" box="[610,780,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. lophyropoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be excluded based on genetic data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133BB9E8FFEDFFC0B090F8BEFAB64407" box="[1232,1297,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1425,1449]" captionTargetBox="[157,1420,185,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[157,1430,179,1399]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gene tree at the cox1 mitochondrial locus. Bootstrap values are shown for nodes with> 50% support; nodes with <50% support are collapsed. Genbank accession numbers are shown; those beginning with M, shown in bold, are new. Scale bar indicates substitutions per site. Root placement based on Redmond et al. (2013)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4761871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4761871/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C00DEEEFFEDFFC0B16BF8BEFA3A4407" box="[1323,1437,1807,1833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Scopalinidae" genus="Scopalina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bunkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B16BF8BEFA3A4407" box="[1323,1437,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">S. bunkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a different spicular architecture, gross morphology, and color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF91D89CFFEDFFC0B73EF882FBCD4463" author="Goodwin, C. & Jones, J. & Neely, K. & Brickle, P." box="[894,1130,1843,1869]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364" pagination="275 - 301" refId="ref10062" refString="Goodwin, C., Jones, J., Neely, K. & Brickle, P. (2011) Sponge biodiversity of the Jason Islands and Stanley, Falkland Islands with descriptions of twelve new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91, 275 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315410001542" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Goodwin
|
||
<emphasis id="B974797FFFEDFFC0B7AFF882FB8F4463" box="[1007,1064,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBFA56DFFEDFFC0B487F8E6FCF644BB" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="364">It does not seem likely that this species can be identified from field photos alone, though it is difficult to say if there are reliable field marks until more individuals are found.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |